记忆体膜-uncle什么意思
高中英语语法归纳总结
第一章 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名
词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、
表语、同位语、介词宾
语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名
词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位
语从句。
一. 主语从句
主
语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动
词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句
子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语
从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进
行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都
可用连词that。被强调部分指
人时也可用whowhom。例如:
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the
film. 你
不去看那场电影真可惜。
b)
It doesn’t interest me whether you sueed or not.
我
对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c) It is in the
morning that the murder took place.
谋
杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the
window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)
2.
用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句
It is a fact that ? 事实是?
It is an honor that ?非常荣幸
It is mon knowledge that ?是常识
(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句
It is
natural that?很自然?
It is
strange that?奇怪的是?
(3) It is +
不及物动词 + 从句
It seems that? 似乎?
It happened that? 碰巧?
It appears that? 似乎?
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句
It is
reported that? 据报道?
It has been
proved that?已证实?
It is said
that? 据说?
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said
reported?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例
如:
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit
our
school next week.
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school
next
week is said.
(3)It
happensours?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It ourred to him that he failed in the
examination.
错误表达:That he
failed in the examination ourred to him.
(4)It doesn’t matter howwhether
?结构中的主语从句不
可提前。例如:
正确表达:It
doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t
matter.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例
如:
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the
evening?
错误表达:Is that will rain
in the evening likely?
4. what
与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what
引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主
语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:
a) What you said yesterday is
right.
b) That she is still
alive is a consolation
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句
谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
a) She did not know what had happened.
她不知道发生了什
么。
b) I wonder
whether you can change this note for me.
我
想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3)
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me
that she would aept my invitation.
她对我说
她会接受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语,例如:
Our suess depends upon how
well we can cooperate with one
another.
我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a
mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯
了一个错误。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,
aware,
certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad,
proud,
surprised, worried, sorry, thankful,
ashamed, disappointed,
annoyed, pleased, hurt,
satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类
词后的that
从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it
不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语
that
从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We
heard it that she would get married next month.
我听
说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5.
后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow,
refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire,
condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take,
forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾
语从
句。如:
正确表达:I admire their winning
the match.
错误表达:I admire that
they won the match.
6.
不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常
见的有envy, order,
ause, refuse, impress, forgive, blame,
denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
正确表达:He impressed the manager as an
honest man.
错误表达:He impressed
the manager that he was an honest
man.
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe,
expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
我认为这件衣服
不适合你穿。
三. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,
一般结构是“主语+连
系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系
动词有be, look, remain,
seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。
另外,常用的还有the reason is
that? 和It is because 等结构。
例如:
1) The question is whether we can make good
preparation
in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support
of the people.
3) But the
fact remains that we are behind the other
classes.
4) The reason he is
late for school is that he missed the
early
bus.
四. 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.
同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般
由that引导,例如:
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner
would be set free
surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the
soldiers should stay still is
given by the
general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别
的词隔开。例如: He got the
news from Mary that the sports
meeting was put
off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个
成分(主语或
宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主
句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词
加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是
对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is
that Tom would go abroad
next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆
明年将出guo。)(第一个that
引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is
told by
him.(汤
姆将出guo的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任
何成分)
内容仅供参考