关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

初中、高中英语语法大全

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-30 19:29
tags:高中英语语法

收敛的近义词-六庚日

2020年10月30日发(作者:盛可继)



初中、高中英语语法大全
不定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the
ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much stronger than a
man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)
(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining- room.(在
那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语:a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a
kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一
片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒),
make a noise(发出嘈杂声), havetake a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。
3、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着
一朵花的男人是杰克)
(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)
(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is
called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)




(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋
转。)
(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如:There will be strong wind to the south of the
Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)
(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去?)
Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离
地球最近)
(7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁
时他开始拉小提琴)
(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:I have never been to the Himalaya
Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)
(9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:He is from the United States of
America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next
month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)
(11)same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得
一样)
(12)几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the
end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。
4、一些不用冠词的情况:




(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:China is a very
large country.(中国是个大国) Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)
(2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:My pen is much more
expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)
(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February
18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) They usually plant trees on
the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)
(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Men are cleverer than
monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)
(5) 三餐饭前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在
家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)
(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from
their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)
(7) 球类名词前不用。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩
子们星期六下午踢足球)
(8) 城市的重要主要建筑物名称前不用。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.(他
们此刻在人民电影院)
(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如:⑴ at to from out of after for school; ⑵ in
to for after class; ⑶in to out of into bed; ⑷ after at from out
of to work; ⑸ at to sea; ⑹ in from down to town; ⑺ at from
home; ⑻ at for to breakfastlunchsupper; ⑼ at nightnoonmidnight;




⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to schoolbed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on
showdisplaydutywatch; ⒂ in out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ onin time;
⒅ at firstlastonce; ⒆ in ChineseEnglish,etc.; ⒇ take care of
六、形容词、副词:
1、形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用:作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置:
⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如:a big yellow
wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)
⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如:The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起
来算是合理)
⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如:We must try our best to keep our
environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)
⑷后置的情况:
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如:Something serious has happened to
him.(他发生了严重的事故)
②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如:He’s 1.8 metres
tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the
earth.(月球离地38万公里)
3、有关形容词的用法辨析:




⑴ whole与all:记住两个词序:① the whole + 名词; ②all (of) the + 名词。如:
He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) He can remember all
the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)
⑵ tall与high, short与low:指人 的个子时用tall与short;指其他事物时一般用
high与low。如:He’s very tallshort.(他个子高矮) Tall trees are standing on
both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) A few people live on
high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)
⑶ real与true:real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”;而true则指事情或消息的可
靠性,译为“真实的”。如:This is a real diamond(钻石) and it’s very
expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) --Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with
my own ears.(那真实吗? 是的,我亲耳所听)
⑷ interested与interesting的区别:interest ing指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表
语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的 ”,只能作表语。如:The man is very
interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他) This
book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获
得享受) I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣)
⑸ such用法: such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。如:I have never seen such
a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) He had such a terrible
accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会
忘记)
⑹ good与well:表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well;表示“(身体)




好”时用well.如:Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) Study well
and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上) --How are you?—I am
very well.(你好吗?我很好。)
⑺ nice与fine :的区别:nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等;fine一般
指身体或天气好。如:L et’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块
美味的蛋糕吧) She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘) What a fine day!(多好的
天气!) He’s fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错)
⑻ too much与much too:too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量;much too
表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如:I am full because I have had too much
rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵
了)
⑼ quick、fa st与soon:quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往
指运动 速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如:After a quick breakfast, he
hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把
书包忘记在家) A train is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多) His
father will be back to China very soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)
⑽lonely与alone:lonely是表示心理活动 的形容词,意思是:“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定
语或表语;alone的意思是:“独自的,单独的”, 指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的
alone可作状语)。如:He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人独住,
但是并不感到孤独) He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with
him.(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易)




⑾ other与else的区别:两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同, other放在名词前;else
修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。如:
The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) Who else can
work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题?) This is nobody
else’s money. It’s mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。) Do you have
anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗?
⑿ special与especial的区别: 表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但
special较为常用。另外,special 还可以表示特别的目的。如: She pays (e)special
attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装) These are special chairs for small
children.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子)
⒀ gone、lost、 missing的区别:gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可
以表示“死了”,作 表语或宾补,不可以作定语;lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,
可作定语、表语或宾补;mi ssing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作
定语、表语或宾补。如:My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough.(发烧消
退了,但我仍然咳嗽) The parents found the lost child at last.(家长终于找到了迷
路的孩子) My dictionary is ’s taken it away?(我的字典不见了,谁
拿走了?) For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please
visit our website(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站)
⒁ living、alive、live、lively的区别:四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。
living读[‘liviN]有三个意思:①“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,②“一模一样的 、
逼真的”,③相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”;




live读[laiv],指东西“活的”,可以替换为living;
alive读[[‘laiv]作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面;
lively读[‘laivli]有三个意思:①有生气的、活泼的、快活的,②(色彩)鲜艳的,③生动的、真实的。
例如:A living language should be learned orally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头
上学)(被动句) We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我们强烈地希
望你能成功) Is she still alive?(她还活着吗?) They are the happiest
children alive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子) This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼)
A live wire(电线) is dangerous.(有电的电线是危险的) She is as lively as a
kitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱) He gave a lively description of the
football match.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛)
⒂ sick与ill区别:sick和ill都表示“ 生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能
做表语。如:He has been illsick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病
了很久,现在非常虚弱) Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners
like them.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱)
⒃ the poor(穷人们) the rich(富人们)等用法:“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一
类人物,复数含义。如:We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助
穷人们) The rich never know how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日
子)
2、副词:用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程




度的词叫做副词。
1、副词的分类:(见下表)
频度副
时 间 副 词

today,
once,
tomorrow,
yesterday,
twice,
now,
then,
late,
once,
just,
below,
early, rather,
always, anywhere,
quite,
soon, above,
usually,
outside,
in,
tonight, long, often,
out,
already,
before,
yet, sometiback,
mes, down,
just,
up, nearly,
only
r,
suddenlhowever,
y, etc.
not,
neither
home,
enough, hard, where, nor, so,
here, there, very, too, well, how, too, also,

地点方位副
程度副词
词 词
方式副疑问连接副
其他副词
alone, when, as, on,off,
how, so, fast, why, either,
inside, much, togethe
whether yes, no,
ago, later, ever
never,
since
after,
whenever
(seldom
almost,
away, off, far,
hardly,
as long as
near, nearby,
-ly结尾 关系副词 maybe,
的副词 where,
等,
perhaps,
),




first, someday, ever, wherever even, all, why, how certainly,
sometime, last,
a little, a
everywhere,
bit
when,
2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用:
⑴作状语:
① 时间副词:一般放在句首或句 尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一
般放在句尾,alread y、just一般放在动词的前面。如:We will visit the Great
Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) They have already been to the
UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) Soon the lost boy found his way back
home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)
② 频度副词:一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、
often等还 可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、
three times等一般放在句尾。如:Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)
The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭)
Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次)
③ 方式副词:一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。
如:Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎
不可能走得和年轻人一样快) Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山
洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)
④ 地点副词:一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如:There you can
see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到




成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊
吓的狼逃开了) He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走
了出去,很快又返回)
⑤ 程度副词:修饰动词时,放在动词之前;修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副
词之前。但 注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面;only位置
比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的 词的前面。如:I nearly forgot all about it if he
did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) It was
so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能
相信我的耳朵) She got to the station early enough to catch the first
bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)
⑥ 疑问副词:用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如:When and
where were you born?(你何时何地出生?) Why did little Edison sit on
some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上?) How do you do?(你好!)
⑦ 连接副词:用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I
am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问
题) That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的
原因) He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎
样做那事)
⑧ 关系副词:用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如:This is the place where
Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方) Please tell me the
way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得




这么好的方法)
⑨ 其它副词:too“也”,用在句尾;also放在动词前;either “也不”,放在句
尾;no r“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前;onoff
“开关”放在动词之后 ;not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之
前;maybeperhaps放在句首;ce rtainly放在句首或动词之前。如:He went
to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了)
Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣
袋里) --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也
没有。)
(2)作 表语:地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。
如:I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家) I
have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有
将近20年了) Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)
(3)作定语:时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都 可以作名词的定语,放在名
词的后面。如:People now often have their festival dinners at
restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) Women there were
living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕
的日子)
(4)作宾语补足语:地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如:Put your dirty socks away,
Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发
着臭气。) Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里




做作业)
[注意] “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如:He wrote
down the word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)
3、有关副词的重要注释:
⑴ as…as…常构成一些词组:as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同样), as+形
容词副词+as possible(尽可能……地)。如:Please ring me up as soon as you
get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。) Miss Gao hurried to the school
gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)
[注释] “as long much as + 名词”可以表示“长达多达…”的含义。如:The
house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50
万元。) They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里
长达两周。)
⑵ later、after、ago、before的用法:①“一段时间+laterago”分别 表示“(多
久)以后以前”,主要用于过去时态。②“afterbefore+某个时刻”分别表示“ 在
某时刻之后之前”,此时两个词是介词。③ago与before:ago只能用于过去
时, before用于完成时。如:He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个
事故) Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男
孩成了著名的歌唱家) Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗?)
After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)
⑶ abo ve、below、over、under的用法:在上下方用above和below,在高低处
用o ver和under.如:The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) A




plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)
当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。
⑷ too、 also、either、nor的用法:too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用
逗号隔开 ;also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前;either(“也”)用于否定句
末尾,也用逗 号隔开;nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首;如:Are you American,too?(你
也是美国人吗?) He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也
不。) He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也
没有。) You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很
好。)
⑸ enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法: enough (“足够 ,十分”)
放在形容词或副词之后;too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当” )、so(“如
此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,very much(“非常”)放在动词之后。如:It’s
toosoveryquite expensive.(它太贵那么贵非常贵相当贵。) I don’t like
sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果)
[注意] very与 much的区别:very 修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容
词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级;much还可以修饰 疑问句和否定句中的动
词,very不可以。如:He is very stupid.(他很笨) The film was very moving and
everyone swept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了) You must work much harder or
you will fail to enter the good school.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学
校) I don’t like him much.(我不太喜欢他)
⑹ sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法:sometimes(有




时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)
表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如:Sometimes they go hiking
in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去) I will stay here some time.(我
会在这儿呆些时候的。) I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见
你的父亲。)
⑺ how、what用于感叹句的 用法:对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或
事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用w hat. 如:What a fine day (it is)
today!(今天天气真好!) How difficult (the problem is)!((问题)真难呀!)
⑻ al ready、yet的用法:在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句
和疑 问句。如:Have you done it already?(你已经做好了?) I have not had my
breakfast yet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)
⑼ har d与hardly的用法:hard作为副词意思是:“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定
词,意 思是:“几乎不”,一般与情态动词cancould连用。如:They study English
very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦) You can hardly see a person spit in a public
place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)
⑽ like...very m uch、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法:三个短语分别表示
“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如:I like baseball very much.(我非常喜欢
棒球) Do you like butter better than cheese?( They like hamburgers best.
⑾“quitewh at+a+形容词+名词”的用法:记住:①quitesuchwhat...+a+形容
词+名词; ②toosohow+形容词+a+名词;③rather+a+形容词+名词 = a+
rather+形容词+名词。如:I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我从




未见过这样奇怪的家伙) It is quite a nice day for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子)
⑿ how 的几个短语:how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词
语进行提问; how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态; how long“多久”,用于
过去时、完成时或其他时态; how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,
对总计次数进行提问; how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不
可数)或金钱进行提问。如:How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久
了?) How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸?)
⒀ muc h、more与most的用法:这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是
程度副词,much 表示“很”,修饰原级形副,more表示“更”用来构成多音节形
副的比较级,most表示“最”用 来构成多音节形副的最高级。此外,much也可以
修饰比较级形副。如:This park is much more beautiful than that one.(这个
公园比那个漂亮多了) It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(这是我
看过的最有教育意义的电影)
⒁ no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法:表示时间,可
以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer,而且no longer只能放在谓语
动词之前;表示程度,可以用no more、not...any more.如:He no longer lived
there.(他不再住在那里) Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) He
didn’ t smoke any morelonger.(他不再抽烟)
⒂ 被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如: The runner was badly
hurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤) English is widely spoken in the world today.(如
今世界上英语说得很广泛)




⒃ too...to...与so...that...的问题:副词to oso后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动
词,that后面跟从句。Too...to... (“太 .……以致不……”)是否定的结构,用于简单句;
so...that...(“如此…以致…”)是 肯定结构,用于复合句。如:The child is too young
to join the army.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军) He is so strong that he can lift
the heavy box.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。)
⒄ 既是形容词也是副词的单词有:early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough,
much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如:It was a long
holiday.(那是个长假) He stayed there very long.(他在那儿呆了好久) Think
hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到办法) He is a very hard(难对
付的) person.(他是个难玩的家伙)
⒅ farther与further的用法区别:表示地点、 方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更
远、较远”,但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外” 等意思,此时不能换为farther.
如:They decided to go fartherfurther the next day.(他们决定第二天走得再
远些) This problem will be further discussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)
Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他们每个
人大学毕业后继续进修)
⒆ rather与quite的用法 区别:同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程
度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料 的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含
义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice ”程度的描绘:
not nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice
very nice





如:It’s quite a nice film.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)
It’s rather a nice film.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)
[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。
⒇ maybe、possibly、pe rhaps的区别:maybe“可能、也许”,比另外两个词更
不正式、更随便、可能性不大;pos sibly“可能地、或者、也许”,可能性较大,在
否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”;perha ps“可能”,较为常用而且正式,可能性
也不大。如:You could put it over there,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边) I
couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我
不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书) I thought perhaps it was the
letter you have been expecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)
(21) most、mostly的区别 :most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”,
作为副词时意思为“最,十分、很”; mostly仅为副词,意思为“主要地、多半地、
大部分地”。如:I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空时大
部分时间都在家)Most children are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气) This is the
most exciting part of the film.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)She is mostly
out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)
(22) (be) worth、(be) worthy of的区别:worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者
动 名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰;worthy of表示“值得的、
配得上的”,后面跟动名词的被动形式。如:What is worth doing at all is worth
doing well(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做). The house is worth ¥300,000.(房




子价值30万元) This book is well worth reading several times.(这本书值得好
好读几遍) It is a thing worthy of being seen.(这是一个值得看的东西)
(23)almost、nearly的区别 :两个词意思相近,都表示“几乎、将近”,大多数情况下可
以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不 用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any(几
乎没有)。如:He had done almost nothing today.(他今天几乎没有干什么) We
are almostnearly there.(我们几乎就到那里了) Almost nobodyHardly
anybody understood his words.(几乎没有人懂他的话)
(24) a bit与a little的区别:这两个名词 短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的
原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如:T his digital camera is a bit(a little)
expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵) It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今
天比昨天冷了点)
另外,a little可以直接加不可数名词,a bit 则采用“a bit + of +名词(不可数或可数
名词复数)”的形式。如:I have got a bit of a cold.(我有点感冒) Go and get a
little water for me, please.(请你去给我搞点水来)
[注意] not a bit(=not at all)意为“根本不”,而 not a little则意为“非常,不是一
点”。
3、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。
原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
2、规则变化:
(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高




级。
a)直接加er,est :
b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est:
c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est:
(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more most.
3、不规则变化:
原级
good好的
better更好的
well好;(身体)好的,
bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数)
more更多的;更
much许多的(不可数);非常
little少的 less更少的
farther更远的;更远地
far远的;远地
further进一步的(地)
4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:
(1)讲述某人物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是:
主语() + 谓语动词 + (verytoosoquiterather…) + 形容词副词原
级 +….
furthest最深刻的(地)
least最少的
farthest最远的;最远地
most最多的;最
worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;
(身体)更不舒服的 (身体)最不舒服的
best最好的
比较级 最高级




如:He is very old now.(他现在很老了) They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快)
The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) I am so happy!(我
是如此的快乐)
☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型:
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词副词原级 + as + 第二个人物
+….
如:He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋) Lily rode
her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢) They picked as
many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as so + 形容词副词原级 + as +
第二个人物+….
如:He is not so as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)
Lily did not ride her bike so as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像
老太太那样慢) They didn’t pick so as many apples as the farmers
(did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)
(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型:
主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(mucha littleevenstill)+形容词副词比较级
+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….
如:A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)
This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那




本多)
讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是:
主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形副)比较级 + than + 第二个人
物(‘B’) +….
如:I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难) Do
you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那
么重要吗?)
(3)讲述某人物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是:
主语() + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词副词最高级 +in of ….
如:The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流)
He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)
4、关于比较等级的重要注释: < br>1、以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词;如果后面是连系动词,
则后 面用形容词。如:This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之
中最快的) This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最
快的)
2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如:The weather is getting warmer and
warmer.(天越来越温暖了)
3、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如:The more trees we plant,the
better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好) The harder you try,the greater
your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)




4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加mucha littleevenstill,而表示数量的
more之前还可以加some any no one two many several a lot等词。如:It is
much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了) Would you like some
more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗?)He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)
5、more than less than分别可以理解为“多于少于”,相当于副词,more than=over;
less than=under.如:I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生
活了四个多月)
6、“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如:One
of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧
毁了)
7、“Which Who+动词 +形副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形副用比较级,如果
有三个选项,形副用最高级。 如:Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛
和韩梅谁的书最多?) Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、
象哪个最重?)
8、 上下文中含有botheitherneithertwotwins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且< br>往往还要加the;含有allnoneno one every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高
级。如: --Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗?一个
都不喜欢) --Which do you like best? –All of them!(你最喜欢哪个?全部。)
七、介词:
1、介词的主要用法:
介词是 一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其
..




他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有 些介词是由两个以上的词构成
的短语介词,如:out of(从…中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离…), on top
of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根据…), in front
of(在…前方)等。
2、介词的分类表: (见下表)
地点(位置、范围)介词:above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后
面, against倚着..., along在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….
周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边,
between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里
面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....
上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close
to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。
方向(目标趋向)介词:across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着...,
round环绕..., at朝着..., behind向…后面, etween…and…从…到...,by路过通过...,
down向…下, for向..., from从离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近...,
off脱离除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过超过...,
through穿过..., to向朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上,
away from远离...
时间介词:about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止,
during在…期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上下午);在(多久)以后, on在
(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until




直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始
时 ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 ,at the time of在...时
方式介词:as作为当作..., by用由乘坐被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)
徒(步),通过(收音机电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手
脚耳眼), without没有…
涉及介词: about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于就…而言, in
在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on关于有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言
其它介词:
【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to为了…
【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为...
【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同
【伴随状态介词】 against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班休息上 学家,etc.),in穿
着…(衣服颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有带着长着..., without
没有无不与…一起
3、介词短语的句法作用:
介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如:The man came
.(状)(那个人走下楼来)The woman head> is from the countryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)The teacher is now
with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
4、介词短语在句子中的位置:
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向方式伴随




涉及原因目的比较,一般放在句尾; 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语
作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如:He wanted to find a good job in
Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作) They searched the
room for the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷) The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给
你的) Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见
一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?)
5、重要注释:
⑴ this that these those last next a every each等词构成的时间短语,
前面不用任何介词。如:Every year travellers from abroad come to visit
Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇) He had a bad cold that week.(那
个星期他患重感冒)

关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里
http:?tid=16-73675-0



从从容容的意思-her什么意思


谠-teip


英语统考成绩查询-沙龙是什么意思


管束-者来寨村


云云是什么意思-数学高一辅导


什么是同分异构体-fdi是什么意思


雨的词语-now是什么意思


物理电学-初一英语作文



本文更新与2020-10-30 19:29,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/433522.html

初中、高中英语语法大全的相关文章