补习机构英语-numb是什么意思
川专升本综合英语阅读
写作翻译训练题一
内部编号:(YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128)
2008年专业英语专业知识真题
(考试时间120分钟,满分150)
答题说明:(1)选择题部分的答案请再答题卡上相应的子母中间划横线,如【A】
(2)主观题的答案写在答题纸上相应的位置。
注意事项:答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
I. Writing (100
points)
Section A Letter-writing (30
points)
Write on ANSER SHEET a thank-you
]otter of about 60-80 words based on
the
following situation:
You went to
Beijing for a tour this Spring Festival. One of
your
friends helped you a lot during the trip.
Write a thank-you letter to
him. You DON'T
need to write the heading and inside address.
Marks will be awarded for content,
organization, grammar and
appropriacy.
Section B Composition (70 points)
It is said that divorce rate keeps going up now,
Some people
believe divorce is the only means
to solve the family crisis. What is
your
opinion
Write on ANSWER SHEET a
composition of about 150 words on the following
topic:
Marriage and Divorce
You are supposed to write in three parts.
In the first part, state your
point of view.
In the second part, give
one or two reasons to support your point of
view.
In the last part, bring what you
have written to a natural conclusion.
Marks will be awarded for content,
organization, grammar and
appropriacy.
II. Translation (50 points)
Section C
Translate these sentences into English (20 points,
4 for each)
1,
我们想心平气和,通情达理地通过直接谈判解决问题。
2,
对不同文化价值观少了解或不了解时,就会产生跨文化交际的困难。
3,
不要把钱看得太重,否则你有可能做出有失身份的事。
4,
他们听到那起野蛮的绑架消息后感到毛骨悚然。
5,
假如我们
能正视,承受,并接受失败的话,失败有助于个人的成长,还增进人
际关系。
Section D Translate these sentences into
Chinese (30 poin~,6foreach)
1. Should
doctors ever lie to benefit their patients--to
speed recovery
or to conceal the approach of
death
2. The relationship of the
individual to his culture is analogous to an
actor and his director. The actor puts his own
acting but is
nevertheless influenced by the
director.
3. Our flesh may perish, our
hands will wither, but that which they
create
in beauty and goodness and truth lives on for all
time to come.
4. In the
face of the tensions and pressures we all face
every single
day, a sense of humor can be a
saving grace. The ability to laugh is
crucial
to our fullest development, to our
5.
Failure is a better teacher than success since
success always
encourages repetition of old
behavior whereas failure can prompt fresh
thinking, a change of direction.
第二部分
阅读
I. Vocabulary (10 points, I for
each)
Directions: Read each of the
following sentences carefully, and choose
A,
B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
I.
It is
good luck.
A. absurd
B.
adhere
C. accumulation
D.
accord
to believe that the number 8 brings
fortune or
2. Although most dreams apparently
happen ___, dream activity may be provoked
by
external influences.
A. spontaneously
B. simultaneously
3. By
C.
homogeneously
D.
instantaneously
computation, he estimated
that the repairs on the house
would cost him a
thousand dollars.
A. coarse
B. rude
C. crude
D. rough
nonsense.4. Your
story about the frog turning into a prince is
A. sheer
B. shear
C.
shield
D. sheet
5. You
could paint the walls and ceilings the same color
so they
together.
A. bleach
B. blush
C. blend
D.
blot
6. Reading the mind only with
material of knowledge; it is thinking
that
makes what we read ours.
A. rectifies
B. prolongs
C. minimizes
D.
furnishes
7. Mr. Berry, the author of the play,
said that the resemblance of the hero to
an
actual person was a pure
A. comedy
B.
combat
C. coincidence
D.
conceit
8. Though her parents her
musical ability, Jerry' s piano playing is
really terrible.
A. pour scorn on
B. heap praise
upon
C. give vent
to
D. cast light
upon
9. The
president argued that the depression stemmed from
the American
economy's flaws.
A.
underlining
B. vulnerable
C.
vulgar
D. underlying
10. This kind of
material can
A. delete
B. compel
heat and moisture.
C. constrain
D.
repel
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (120 point, 3for
each)
Directions: In this section there
are six passages followed by questions or
unfinished statement, each with four suggested
answers marked A, B, C or D
Choose the one
that you think is the correct answer.
Passage 1
The
universities from which our own are descended were
founded in the
Middle Ages. They were
established either by corporations of students
wanting
to learn, as in Italy, or by teachers
wanting to teach as in France.
Corporations
that had special or customary privileges for the
purpose of
carrying out the intentions of the
incorporators were common in those days.
The
university corporations of the Middle Ages at the
height of their power
were not responsible to
anybody, in the sense that they could not be
brought
to book by any authority. They
claimed, and made good their claim, complete
independence of all secular and religious
control The American university was,
however,
at first a corporation formed by a religious
denomination or by the
state for the purposes
of the denomination or the state.
The
American university in the seventeenth century was
much closer to the
American university today
than to the medieval university. The Puritan
communities needed ministers and professional
men and so established
universities to provide
them. Later, religious groups built universities
in
order to extend their own influence. For
example, the University of Chicago
was founded
by devout Baptists to combat the rising tide of
Methodism in the
Middle West. The president
and trustees of the university were required to
have the proper religious affiliations in
order to keep the university on the
right
path. Fortunately, the combination of John D.
Rockefeller, William
Rainey Harper, and the
enlightened wing of the Baptist Church preserved
the
university from too narrow an
interpretation of its purpose.
11. what
does the passage mainly discussed
A. The
importance of the universities.
B. The universities of the Middle
Ages.
C. Different purposes of founding
universities.
D. Americans universities of
the eighteenth century.
12. in the
passage, the phrase
means
C. required
to explain certain books.
D. required to
explain their actions.
A. asked to teach
certain books.
B. wanted to order certain
books.
13. Which of the following best
describes the basic motive for founding a
university in a Puritan community
A.
To propagandize the religious ideas of the
Puritans.
B. To make students study their
religion.
C. To convert more people.
D. To provide necessary personnel for the
Puritan communities.
14. It is implied
that the University of Chicago
A. underwent a
period of liberalization
B. succeeded in
fighting the influence of Methodists
C.
made true of the
D. was finally taken
over by John D. Rockefeller
15. All of the
following statements are true in the passage
EXCEPT
A. John D.
Rockefeller helped to set up the University of
Chicago.
B. The University corporations of
the Middle Ages were independent
C. The
American university today was similar to the
university of the
seventeenth century
D. The French universities were founded by
groups of professors.
Passage 2
Throughout history man
has changed his physical environment in order to
improve his way of life.
With the
tools of technology he has altered many physical
features of
the earth. He has transformed
woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and
reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation
purposes or hydroelectric power. Man
has also
modified the face of the earth by draining marshes
and cutting
through mountains to build roads
and railways.
However, man' s changes
to the physical environment have not always had
beneficial results. Today, pollution of the
air and water is an increasing
danger to the
health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons
of gases come
out of the exhausts of motor
vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air
of industrialized areas and the surrounding
areas of countryside. The air in
cities is
becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The
pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea,
pollution from
oil is increasing and is
killing enormous numbers of algae (水藻), fish and
birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea
is being changed. The same
problem exists in
rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many
rivers
lifeless.
Conservationists
believe that it is now necessary for man to limit
the
growth of technology in order to survive
on earth.
16. Man has changed his physical
environment with a view to
A. altering the
physical features of
the earth
B.
bettering his way of life
C. improving his
surroundings
D. modifying
the face of the planet
17. According to the
passage, pollution of the air and water is caused
by
A. thousands of tons of gases
coming out of the exhausts of motor vehicles
B. the changes of the environment that
technology has brought to man
C. the
increasing amount of oil that has been
produced
D. industrial wastes discharged
into rivers
18. The ecological balance of
the sea is lost when
A. people consume more
fish than they used to
B. the ecological
balance of the river is lost
C. large
numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed
D. the production of marine petroleum is
increased
19. Who would most probably
disagree with conservationists
A.
Industrialists.
C. Businessmen.
B.
Ecologists.
20. The purpose of the writer
is
A. to reduce modern technology
B.
to improve man' s way of life
C. to warn
people not to change the natural environment
D. to call attention to the protection of the
natural environment
Passage 3
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical
skills of children
develop so early and so
inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal
clock of mathematical maturity guiding their
growth. Not long after learning
to walk and
talk, they can set the table with impressive
accuracy--one plate,
D.
Environmentalists
one knife, one spoon, one fork,
for each of the five chairs. Soon they are
capable of noting that they have placed five
knives, spoons, and forks on the
table, and a
bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of
silverware.
Having thus mastered addition,
they move on to subtraction. It seems almost
reasonable to expect that if a child were
secluded on a desert island at birth
and
retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter
a second-grade
mathematics class without any
serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple this
century. The work of cognitive
psychologists
has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning
on which
intellectual progress depends.
Children were observed as they slowly
grasped--
or, as the case might be, bumped
into-concepts that adults take for granted,
as
they refused, for instance, to concede that
quantity is unchanged as water
pours from a
short stout glass into a tall thin one.
Psychologists have since
demonstrated that
young children, asked to count the pencils, on a
pile,
readily report the number of blue or red
pencils, but must be coaxed into
finding the
total. Such studies have suggested that the
rudiments of
mathematics are mastered
gradually, and with effort. They have also
suggested
that the very concept of abstract
numbers--the idea of a oneness, twoness, a
threeness that applies to any class of objects
and is a prerequisite for doing
anything more
mathematically demanding than setting a table--is
itself far
more innate.
21. What does
the passage mainly discuss
A. trends in
teaching mathematics to children.
B. The
use of mathematics in child psychology.
C. The development of mathematical
ability in children.
D. The fundamental
concepts of mathematics that children must
learn.
22. It can be inferred from the
passage that children normally learn simple
counting
A. soon after they
learn to talk
B. by looking at the
clock
C. when they begin to be
mathematically mature
23. According to
the passage, when small children were asked to
count a pile
of red and blue pencils, they
__
A. counted the number of pencils of
each other
B. counted the total number of
pencils
C. counted only the pencils of
their favorite color
D. subtracted the
number of red pencils from the number blue
pencils.
24. The word
A. the total
B. the concept of abstract number
D. after they reach school grade in
school
C. any class of objects
D.
setting a table
25. The word
A.
reason
Passage 4
More
surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties
of traditional
marriage is the fact that
marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick
notes, Americans are marrying people: relative
to Europeans, more of us marry
and we marry at
a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the
early 1970s,
B. theory
C.
requirement
D. technique
the rate of marriage in the United States is
now increasing. Even the divorce
rate needs
to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80
percent of
divorced individuals remarry. Thus,
marriage remains, by far, the preferred
way of
life for the vast majority of people in our
society.
What has changed more than
marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty five
years ago, the typical American family
consisted of a husband, a wife, and two
or
three children. Now, there are many marriages in
which couples have decided
not to have any
children. And there are many marriages where at
least some of
the children are from the wife'
s previous marriage, or the husband' s, or
both. Sometimes these children spend all of
their time with one parent from
the former
marriage; sometimes they are shared between the
two former spouses
(配偶).
Thus,
one can find the very type of family arrangement.
There are
marriages without children;
marriages with children from only the present
marriage; marriages with
stepmothers,
half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all
that unusual for a
child to have four parents
and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes
from the traditional nuclear family. But even
so, even in the midst of all
this, there
remains one constant: most Americans spend most of
their adult
lives married.
26. By
calling Americans marrying people the author means
that
A. Americans are more traditional than
Europeans
B. Americans expect more out of
marriage than Europeans
C. there are more married couples
in than in Europe
D. more of Americans,
as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and
they
accept it at a younger age
27.
Divorced Americans
A. will most likely
remarry
B. prefer the way they live
C. have lost faith in marriage
D. are
the vast majority of people in the society
28. Which of the following can be presented as
the picture of today's
American families
A. A typical American family consists of only
a husband and a wife,
B. Many types of
family arrangements have become socially
acceptable.
C. Americans prefer to have
more kids than before.
D. There are no
nuclear families any more.
29.
A.
spend some of their time with their half-brothers
and some of their time
with their half-
sisters
B. spend all of their time with
one parent from the previous marriage
C.
are shared between the two former spouses
D. cannot stay with
30. Even though
great changes have taken place in the structure of
American
families,
A. the functions of marriage remain
unchanged
B. most Americans prefer a
second marriage
C. the vast majority of Americans still have
faith in marriage
D. All of the above
Passage 5
Students who score
high in achievement needs tend to make higher
grades
in college than those who score low.
When degree aptitude for college work, as
indicated by College Entrance Examination
Board Tests, is held constant,
engineering
students who score high in achievement needs tend
to make higher
grades in college than the
aptitude test scores would indicate.
We can define this need as the habitual desire to
do useful work well.
It is a noticeable
influence characteristic of those who need little
supervision. Their desire for accomplishment
is a stronger motivation than any
stimulation
the supervisor can provide. Individuals who
function in terms of
this drive do not try to
deceive others in regard to a job that they fail
to
do well.
Some employees have a
strong drive for success in their work: others are
satisfied when they make a living. Those who
want to feel that they are
successful have
high aspiration for themselves. Thoughts
concerning the
achievement drive are often
prominent in the evaluations made by the typical
employment interviewer who interviews college
seniors for executive training.
He wants to
find out whether the senior has a strong drive to
get ahead or
merely to hold a job. Research
indicates that some who get ahead have an even
stronger drive to avoid failure.
31.
It can be inferred from the passage that
individuals with a strong drive
to succeed
A. accept responsibility
for themselves
B. blame others if they
fail
C. are motivated by stimulation a
supervisor
D. pretended they haven' t
failed when they have
32. Employees who
are successful in their work are
A. self-satisfied
B. high-minded
C. ambitious
D. self-important
33.
What quality do employment interviewers look for
in college seniors for
executive training
A. Ability to hold down a job.
B. High
achievement needs. C. Capacity to work hard. D.
Constant aptitude for
work.
34. What
motivates some seniors to succeed
A. They
are afraid of failing.
B. They like living
well.
C. They want to become
executives.
D. They wish to do research
work.
35. Which is the main subject of
this passage
A. Students' grades in
college.
B. Individual motivation for
work.
C. The achievement needs of
engineering students.
D. Successful
interview techniques.
Passage 6 Short
Answer Questions
Directfons: In this part
there Js a short passage with five questions or
incomplete statements. Read the passage
carefully. Then answer the questions
or complete the statements Zn the
fewest possible words (not exceeding 10
words).
For many women choosing
whether to work or not to work outside their home
is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others
face a hard decision.
Perhaps the
easiest choice has to do with economics. One
husband said
at this moment was an
extravagance (奢侈) we couldn't afford.
preschool
children, it soon became clear in their figuring
that with baby-
sitters (临时照看小孩的人),
transportation, and increased taxes, rather than
having more money, they might actually end up
with less.
Economic factors are usually
the first to be considered, but they are not
the most important. The most important aspects
of the decision have to do with
the emotional
needs of each member of the family. It is in this
area that
husbands and wives find themselves
having to face many confusing and
conflicting
feelings.
There are many women who find
that homemaking is boring or who feel
imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home
with a young child or several
children. On the
other hand, there are women who think that
homemaking gives
them the deepest
satisfaction.
From my own experience, I
would like to suggest that sometimes the
decision to go back to work is made in too
much haste. There are few decisions
that I now
regret more. I wasn't mature enough to see how
much I could have
gained at home. I regret my
impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had
allowed myself the luxury of watching the
world through my little girl' s eyes.
Questions注意答题尽量简短,超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写
一个英语单词,标
点符号不占格.)
36. Which word in the
first two paragraphs best explains why many women
have
to work
.
37. Why did Marge and
her husband think it an extravagance for Marge to
go
back to work
.
38. What are the two
major considerations in deciding whether women
should go
out to work
.
39. Some women would
rather do housework and take care of their
children than
pursue a career because they
feet .
.
40. If given a second
chance, the writer would probably choose to
.
.
III Skimming and
Scanning (20 points, 2 for each)
Directions. In this section there
are seven passages with a total of ten
multiple choice questions. Skim or scan them
as required and then mark your
answers on your
answer sheet.
Passage 7
First read
the following question.
41. This is a
letter of
A. inquiry
.
C.
explanation
D introduction B.
complaint
Now, go through Passage 7
quickly and answer question 41.
Flat 24
Park Mansions
Newbury Road
The
Manager
Reliable Motors Ltd.
876
Meadow Street 14th May 2002
Dear Sir,
I am writing to you concerning the Bernster
Special 150 SE that I bought
from you two
weeks ago. The car has now developed the following
faults:
1. The steering wheel is loose. 2.
The hand brake does not work. 3. oil is
leaking from the engine. 4. The driver' s door
does not close properly.
Will you please
telephone me and we can arrange for you to collect
the car
Unless you can put the car in perfect
working order, 1 am afraid I shall
report your
company to the Consumers' Association.
Yours
faithfully,
Tony
Lockwood
Passage 8
First
read the following question.
42. The
passage is mainly about
A. Christmas
sales
B. retailing
business
C. Internet
population
D. online
shopping
Now go through Passage 8 quickly
and answer question 42.
Online shopping
(网上购物) has become a major force in retailing this
year
with more than US$$1 billion in Christmas
season sales, industry analysts say.
The
figure for the holiday tops the total for Internet
shopping in all of 1996.
Online shopping for
the holiday season remained just a drop in the
ocean of
the estimated US$$450 billion spent by
US consumers. But the figure is growing
rapidly. International Data Corporation, a
market research group, predicts the
World Wide
Web (万维网) population will reach almost I00 million
by 1998 and
that online commerce will grow to
more than US$$20 billion.
Passage 9
First read the following question.
43.
The passage discusses the aim of
A. the
organization
B. blood centers in the USA
C. FDA new rules
D. AIDS
prevention
Now go through Passage 9 quick and
answer question 43.
The
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking
steps to protect the
country' s blood supply.
People give blood to the centers, where it is kept
until it is needed for medical purposes.
The FDA has provided new rules for the blood
centers. The government
agency says new rules
are designed to improve the blood supply
system.
The new rules call for blood
centers to develop more ways to make sure
their work is done correctly. These rules are
another way to help keep the
blood supply
pure. A leading concern is that someone with AIDS
virus might
give blood to a blood centre. For
this reason, there are tests to find out if
blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and
other diseases.
Passage I0
First
read the following question.
44. The
passage advertises overseas
A.
jobs
B. studies
C. travel
D. aid
Now go through Passage 10 quickly
and answer question 4~
NEW I-IORIZONS
Are you looking for something interesting to
do Then why not work abroad
for a year or
two
We have jobs in most parts of the
world - including Europe, Africa and
Southeast
Asia.
We have jobs for teachers, doctors,
nurses, engineers, ear mechanics and
many
others.
Why not see the world We cannot
offer you very much money, but the work
is
interesting. You can learn another language and
work with people, too.
For more information write to us at:
NEW
HORIZONS JOB CENTER'
110 Spring
Gardens,
London SW ! 7BC
Please
send your personal information (date of birth,
educational
qualifications, interests,
experiences, etc.)
Passage 11
First read the following questions.
45. Which number would you dial for home
nursing
A. 0734 442456
B. 0734
442675
C. 08675 559478
D. 08675
564499
46. Blood donors are advised to
contact
A. Berkshire county office
C.
John Radcliffe Hospital
B. St. John
Ambulance
D. Royal Berkshire
Hospital
Now go through Passage 17 quickly and
answer questions 45 and 4~
HEALTH
AMBULANCE SERVICE
In All Emergencies
Dial 999
St John Ambulance:
Berkshire County Office - ST John Centre Church
Rd, Woodley. Reading,
RG5 4QN. 0734
442456.
For details of first aid at work
unit contact 0734 442675.
Oxfordshire -
St. John House High St, Kidlington, Oxford. OX5
2DR 08675
559478: Association; 08675 564499
Brigade, ambulance, home nursing, loan of
medical equipment and first aid at work
unit.
BLOOD DONORS
For information contact
Oxford
Regional Blood Transfusion Service: John Radcliffe
Hospital
Headley Way, Heading ton, Oxford, OX3
9DU 0865 642831
HOSPITALS
Royal Berkshire Hospital: London Rd. Reading, RGI
SAN. 0734 875111.
(Accident and emergency
patients to South Wing).
Passage 12
First read the following questions.
47. If you leave for Hong Kong on March 16th,
you pay
A. $$799
B. $$849
C.
$$829
D. $$969
48. What is NOT included
in the price
A. Local dept tax.
B.
Return flights.
C. Transfers.
D.
Accommodation.
Non go through Passage 12
quickly and answer questions 47 and 48.
SPECIAL OFFER
from
1799
HON6 KONG
Enjoy 5 nights in Hong Kong
from $$799
New World Harbor View: Superior
lst class hotel in good location on Hong Kong
Island.
Superb swimming pool, tennis
courts, restaurants, bars. Rooms with harbor view
and
Air conditioning, teacoffee making
facilities, minibar. TV, bath and shower.
Departure dates:
02, I0 Mar
09, 16 Mar
$$849
17 Mar
Price:
$$799
$$829
15
Apr $$969
27 Apr, 04, 18 May
$$999
The price includes: Return flights. 5
nts accom (no meals). Transfers.
Prices are
per person sharing a twin room.
Not
included: UK dept tax. Local dept tax. Optional
insurance: $$30. To
book, telephone: (open
daily inc SatSun)
Tel: 01306 774300
Fax: 01306 740328
Passage 13
First read the following questions.
49. The stone chip is thought to be the most
important tool because it
A. was one of
the first tools.
B. developed human
capabilities.
C. led to the invention of
machines.
D. was crucial to the
development of mankind.
50. At the end of
the passage the author seems to suggest that life
in future
is
A. disastrous.
C.
exciting.
B. unpredictable.
D.
colorful.
Now, go through Passage 13
quick])
Human beings have
used tools for a very long time. In some parts of
the
world you can still find tools that people
used more than two million years
ago. They
made these tools by hitting one stone against
another. In this way
they broke off pieces
from one of the stones. These chips of stone were
usually sharp on one side. People used them
for cutting meat and skin from
dead animals,
and also for making other tools out of wood. Human
beings needed
to use tools because they did
not have sharp teeth like other meat-eating
animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools
helped people to get food more easily.
Working with tools also helped to develop human
intelligence. The human
brain grew bigger,
and human beings began to invent more and more
tools and
machines. The stone chip was one of
the first tools that people used, and
perhaps
it is the most important. Some scientists say that
it was the key to
the success of mankind.
Since 1960 a new kind of tool has appeared.
This is the silicon chip --
a little chip of
silicon crystal (硅晶体). It is smaller than a
finger-nail,
but it can store more than a
million 'bits' of information. It is an
electronic brain.
Every year these
chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller,
and
their cost gets less. They are used in
watches, calculators and intelligent
machines
that we can use in many ways.
In the
future we will not need to work with tools in the
old way.
Machines ~ill do everything for us.
They will even talk and play games with us.
People will have plenty of spare time. But
what will they do with it
Human beings used stone chips for more than
two million years, but human
life changed very
little in that time. We have used silicon chips
for only a
few years, but life is changing
faster every day. What will life be like
twenty years from now What will the world be
like two million years from now