自考综合英语二上册课文翻译与详解.

综合英语(二)上册课文
翻译及详解
Lesson One
Twelve Things l Wish They Taught at School


Carl Sagan
Learning Guide

俗话说：“活到老，学到老。”人的一生就是不断学习、不断丰富和充实
自己的过程。青少 年阶段，尤其是中学阶段，无疑是学习的最佳时期。中学教育的重点应
放在什么地方？美国著名科学家和 科普作家萨根批评中学只抓各个学科具体内容的做法，
他认为中学要注重对青少年的宏观教育，使他们建 立起唯物的世界观和宇宙观，使他们能
够正确对待自己，关心周围的世界——人类生存的环境和自己的地 球同胞。
1 I attended junior and senior high school, public institutions in New York and
New Jersey, just after the Second World War. It seems a long time ago. The
facilities and the skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United
States at that time. Since then, I've learned a great deal. One of the most important
things I've learned is how much there is to learn, and how much I don't yet know.
Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about
what really matters. In some respects that education was terribly narrow; the only
thing I ever heard in school about Napoleon was that the United States made the
Louisiana Purchase from him. (On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are
not Americans, the only history that was thought worth teaching was American
history. ) In spelling, grammar, the fundamentals of math, and other vital subjects, my
teachers did a pretty good job. But there's so much else I wish they'd taught us.
④
②③
①

① The facilities and skills of the teachers were probably well above
average for the United States at that time.
学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般的水平。
above average：高于或低于一般的标准水平。well：adv 相当地，大
大地
The facilities and skills of the teachers were perhaps much better
than those in most schools in….
② …..how much I don't yet know.
我所学到的最重要的一点，就是要学的东西实在太多，而我还没有学
到的东西也太多了。


how much I don't know up till now.
③ Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more
back then about what really matters.

激。

有时候，我想那时要是能多学点真正的东西，今天我会多么地心存感

I would be grateful today if I had learned more at high school about
things that are really important.
④ On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans, the
only history that was thought worth teaching was American history.
在一个约95%的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局 认为只有美国历
史才值得讲授（这里作者委婉地批评了美国教育部门的狭隘与偏见）
where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans：是定语从句，
修饰a planet
that was thought worth teaching：也是定语从句，修饰the only history
The population of the US accounts for only about 5% of that of the
world. But in my high school days school taught American history only because
it was thought that the history of other countries was not important for
Americans to learn.

2 Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified. It seems to me there
are many things (often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple
memorization of facts) that the schools should teach — things that truly would be
useful in later life, useful in making a stronger country and a better world, but useful
also in making people happier. Human beings enjoy learning. That's one of the few
things that we do better than the other species on our planet. Every student should
regularly experience the Aha!— when something you never understood, or
something you never knew was a mystery, becomes clear.
3 So here's my list:

① Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified.
或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。

④
③
②
①
deficiencies：缺乏，缺少，不足
Perhaps schools have overcome all the shortcomings and improved
greatly since I left school.
② ...often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple
memorization of facts...
（该教的）主要是态度问题、认识问题，而不是简单的对事实记忆的
问题。
matter：（讨论、考虑等问题）
more + 名词+ than + 名词：与其说……不如说是……
Students should not merely be taught facts to memorize, but they
should also be taught to cultivate their ability to judge what is happening around
them and take the right attitude towards this.
③ That's one of the few things that we do better than the other species on
our planet.
这是我们人类比这个地球上其他物种做得好得多的为数有限的几件事
中的一件。
In most things man's fellow creatures on earth are better, but in

learning man does better.
④ Every student should regularly experience the
something you never understood, or thing you never knew was a mystery,
becomes clear.
每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出：“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感
受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时
的感受。
Students should be constantly learning new things so that they can
experience the joy of learning and of discovering things they didn't know or
understand before.
Pick a difficult thing and learn it well.
4 The Greek philosopher Socrates said this was one of the greatest
of human joys,and it is. While you learn a little bit about many subjects,
make sure you learn a great deal about one or two. It hardly matters
what the subject is, as long as it deeply interests you, and you place it in
its broader human context. After you teach yourself one subject, you
become much more confident about your ability to teach yourself another. You
gradually find you've acquired a key skill. The world is changing so rapidly that you
must continue to teach yourself throughout your life. But don't get trapped by the first
subject that interests you, or the first thing you find yourself good at. The world is full
of wonders, and some of them we don't discover until we're all grown up. Most of
them, sadly, we never discover.

① But don't get trapped by the first subject that interest you, or the first
thing you find yourself good at.

②
①

But you shouldn't limit your study to anything that attracts you
immediately or anything you first find yourself good at
② The world is full of wonder, and some of them we don't discover until

we are all grown up. Most of them sadly, we never discover.

这个世界充满奇妙的事物， 有些我们完全长大成人之后就会发现；很
遗憾，大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。

为了强调，宾语some of them及Most of them都挪到了主语和动词的
前面。

The world is full of wonderful things, and even adults can only find out
some of them.
Don't be afraid to ask
5 Many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why the Sun is
round, or why we need 55,000 nuclear weapons in the world — are really deep
questions. The answers can be a gateway to real insights. It's also important to
know, as well as you can, what it is that you don't know, and asking questions is the
way. To ask
knowledge and patience on the part of the answerer. And don't confine your
learning to schoolwork. Discuss ideas in depth with friends. It's much braver to ask
questions even when there's a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions
and become deadened to the world around you.

①The answers can be a gateway to real insights.
③
②
①

对这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。
gateway to：通向……的路径；获得……的手段。

You'll possibly give a deep understanding of things while trying to find
answers to those stupid questions.
② And don't confine your learning to schoolwork.


不要把自己的学习局限于课堂。

Don't limit your learning to schoolwork.
③ It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of
ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world

around you.

明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切麻木不仁
要勇敢得多。
deaden sb to sth ：使某人对……不敏感。
become deadened to sth ：对……变得不敏感或麻木不仁。

Asking questions when you know that you might be laughed at
requires courage. But this is braver than keeping your questions to yourself
and gradually become unable to notice what is happening around you.
Listen carefully.
6 Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on
either side. When people are talking, don't spend the time thinking about what you're
going to say next. Instead, try to understand what they're saying, what experience is
behind their remarks, what you can learn from or about them. Older people have
grown up in a world very different from yours, one you may not know very well. They,
and people from other parts of the country and from other nations, have important
perspectives that can enrich your life.

① Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to
discovery on either side.
很多情况下人们谈话时，总是争相表现自己，这类交谈对双方都无

②
①
多大益处。

Often, when people talk they show off: they try to show they are
smarter, or that they know more than the person they are talking to; this
kind of conversation gives you useful information or understanding.
② try to understand…..what you can learn from or about them.
而是设法搞懂他们 说的是什么，什么样的经历才使得他们说这些
话，你从这些话中你能学到什么，你对说这些话的人又能了 解到什么情况等。
这里作者使用了排比的手法：用三个what引出的从句作

understand的宾语。

try to learn something from what they say, or try to find out the
kind of person they are.


Everybody makes mistakes.
7 Everybody's understanding is incomplete. Be open to correction, and learn to
correct your own mistakes. The only embarrassment is in not learning from your
mistakes.
Know your planet.
8 It's the only one we have. Learn how it works. We're changing the atmosphere,
the surface, the waters of the Earth, often for some short-term advantage when the
long- term implications are unknown. The citizens of any country should have at least
something to say about the direction in which we're going. If we don't understand the
issues, we abandon the future.

① ...often for some short-term advantage when the long term implications
are unknown.
往往为了短期的利益，在尚不了解的长远影响的情况下。
③
②
①

often for some quick profit now, when you don't know possible harm or
danger might arise in the future.
②The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about
the direction in which we are doing.
任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人类要走向何处有发言权。

All people in the world have the right at least to express their views on
the future of our planet.
③ If we don't understand the issues, we abandon the future.
如果我们不能理解这些问题，我们就是放弃未来。

If we don't realize the seriousness of the problems we are facing,
there'll be no hope for the human race.


Science and technology.
9 You can't know your planet unless you know something about science and
technology. School science courses, I remember, concentrated on the unimportant
parts of science, leaving the major insights almost untouched. The great discoveries in
modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit. For example,
Copernicus showed that — far from being the center of the universe, about which the
Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars revolved in clockwise homage — the Earth
is just one of many small worlds. This is a deflation of our pretensions, to be sure,
but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe. Every high
school graduate should have some idea of the insights of Copernicus, Newton,
Darwin, Freud, and Einstein. (Einstein's special theory of relativity, far from being
obscure and exceptionally difficult, can be understood in its basics with no more than
first-year algebra, and the notion of a rowboat in a river going upstream and
downstream. )

① This is a deflation of our pretensions, to be sure....
这当然煞了我们 人类的自命不凡的傲气，但是同时（哥白尼的学说）
①
也开阔了我们的眼界，使我们看到一个漫 无边际、令人敬畏的宇宙。
Undoubtedly, to accept the fact that the earth is not the center of the
universe is to shatter the importance of human beings.
Don't spend your life watching TV.
10 You know what I'm talking about.
Culture.

11 Gain some exposure to the great works of literature, art and music. If such
a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably
something to it. Like all deep experiences, it may take a little work on your part to
discover what all the fuss is about. But once you make the effort, your life has
changed; you've acquired a source of enjoyment and excitement for the rest of your
days. In a world as tightly connected as ours is, don't restrict your attention to
American or Western culture. Learn how and what people elsewhere think. Learn
something of their history, their religion, their viewpoints.

① Gain some exposure to the great works of literature, art and music.
感受一下文艺、艺术和音乐名篇的熏陶。

④
③
①②
exposure to：接触……，感受……的熏陶，受到……的影响。
Read the great works of literature, and get to know art and music and
gain some insight into the profound thoughts in them.
②If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired,
there is probably something to it.
既然一部作品以存在了几百年或是几千年，今天仍然受到赞赏，那么
大概它确实是有些名堂。
If a work was brought out hundreds or thousands of years ago and is
still appreciated, there must be something special in it.
③ ...it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss is
about.
要搞清楚人们到底为什么对这些作品还如此热衷，你就得下点功夫，
一切感人至深的经历莫不如此。
you have to make some effort to find out why people admire and are
crazy about those works of the past.
④ In a world as tightly connected as ours is, don't restrict your attention to
American or Western culture.
In our age, countries and regions are closely related; what happens

in one country or region can affect others. Therefore we should not only study
American culture and Western culture. We should also pay attention to other
cultures---Asian, African and Latin American.


Compassion.
12 Many people believe that we live in an extraordinarily selfish time. But there is
a hollowness, a loneliness that comes from living only for yourself. Humans are
capable of great mutual compassion, love, and tenderness. These feelings, however,
need encouragement to grow.
13 Look at the delight a one- or two-year-old takes in learning, and you see how
powerful is the human will to learn. Our passion to understand the universe and our
compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.

① Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others
jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.
我们有渴望了解宇宙的热忱，我们有对他人的同情心，人类的希望主
①
要寄托于此。

We have a strong desire for learning and we are kind and tender
towards one another. With these two fine qualities, the human race will have a
bright future. The hope for the human race lies mainly in our enthusiasm

about the universe and our profound sympathy for others.













Lesson Two
Icons


Learning Guide

提起一位获得诺贝尔奖的华人物理学家的名字，今天的青少年恐怕很多人会感到陌
生，无话可说，可是谈 起当红歌星、球星，他们则是津津乐道。当今国内外的明星大腕被
少男少女们一个个奉为偶像。君不见， 追星族们为求得偶像的签名，可以在瓢泼大雨中等
待半天，为一睹偶像的风采，可以大打出手破门而入。 三四十年前青年人崇拜的科学家和
英雄人物已被视为昨日黄花，中外都是如此。这种价值观的变化引起了 社会学家和教育家
的忧虑，他们指出星们、腕儿们只不过是媒体尤其是电视炒作的产物。

Heroes and Cultural Icons

Gary Gosggarian

Abraham
Lincoln


Martin Luther
Jacqueline
King Jr.
Kennedy

Onassis




Rosa Parks
Helen Keller
1 If you were asked to list ten American heroes and heroines, you would probably
name some or all of the following: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Daniel
Boone, Martin Luther King Jr., Amelia Earhart, Susan B. Anthony, Jacqueline
Kennedy Onassis, Helen Keller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Rosa Parks. If next
you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society, who somehow
seem bigger than life, you might come up with an entirely different list. You might, in
fact, name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour rather than their
achievements and moral strength of character. And you would not be alone,
because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leaders who
shape history for their
fashion models, professional athletes, and even comic book and cartoon characters.
In short media icons.

① If next you were……, who somehow seem bigger than life, you might
come up with an entire different list.
如果有人请你列举在社会上受到普遍赞赏、貌似非凡的人，你所列举
②
①
的恐怕是完全 不同的人。


who somehow appear distinguished from ordinary people.
②And you would not be alone, because pollsters have found that people
today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their

Admired
仅是你一个人提出的这些人，民意调查发现，今天人 们不再选择创造
过历史的政治领袖为他们“最钦佩的人物”。



And many other people would list the same kind of people as their
Most .


2 By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by
uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit
of others — they are people against whom we measure others. They are men and
women recognized for shaping our nation's consciousness and development as well
as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age
where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very ideal of heroism
is something beyond us — an artifact of the past. Some maintain that because the
Cold War is over and because America is at peace our age is essentially an unheroic
one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong
and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science.
④
③
②
①
Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural icons — media
superstars such as actors, actresses, sports celebrities, television personalities, and
people who are simply famous for being famous.

① By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished
by uncommon courage achievements, and self-sacrifice made most often for
the benefit of others.
就定义而言，英雄之所 以与众不同是因为他们有非凡的勇气、取得卓
⑤
越的成就、常常为他人的利益而作出牺牲。
by definition：按定义
be distinguished by：由于……而有别（于……）

heroes and heroines are people who are different from other people
because of their unusual courage, achievements and the sacrifices they make
in the interests of others.
② ...they are people against whom we measure others.
他们是我们评价别人的标准。



they've become a sort of standard; we judge others by what they do
and what they are.
③ Yet ,some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and
heroines are hard to come by, where the very ideal of heroism is something
beyond us-- an artifact of the past.
可是有人说，我们的时代是很难出现 真正英雄的时代，英雄主义这一
概念本身我们就很难理解——它已经成为历史。
ours：是名词性代词，作为宾语从句的主语。
where引出两个定语从句，修饰an age。
come by：找到 be beyond sb ：为某人所不能理解；对某人来说太
难。



Yet, some people say that we are living in a new age .In this age
heroes and heroines are rare, and heroism is only something people admire
but do not practice. Heroic and noble conduct is a thing of the past.
④ Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural
icon.
因此，缺少了本民族（即本民族的文化）英雄，我们就迷上了通俗文
化偶像。
consequently是副词，其连接词的作用，将本句与上句连接起来。
bereft：（正式）失去，缺少。



As a result, when we no longer have national heroes to admire and
worship, we have become crazy about cultural icons…As a result, since there
were no cultural heroes for us to admire, we began to admire cultural icons.
⑤ ...who are simply famous for being famous.

仅仅因为有名而成名的那些人。



who are well- known just because they are frequently seen in public,
so that a lot of people know them or know about them (not because they
possess unusually fine qualities or because they have made great
contributions to society).


3 Cultural icons are harder to define, but we know them when we see them.
They are people who manage to transcend celebrity, who are legendary, who
somehow manage to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others
mere celebrities? That's hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a
story. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince,
bore a king, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found
true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charisma, with
the help of the media. But nothing be comes an icon more than a tragic and early
death — such as Martin Luther King Jr. , John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.

① They are people who manage to transcend celebrity, who are
legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic.
他们超越了名流，成为传奇式人物，甚至在某种程度是神话式的人物。
③④
②
①



Cultural icons make themselves more famous than celebrities; they
inspire great admiration; and to a certain degree, they become important
people.
② In part, their lives have the quality of a story.
部分原因是他们的生平带有传奇故事的特点。

in part：partly, not completely 部分地。



Part of the reason is that their lives are unusual, full of ups and
downs like people in legends or myths.
③ Good looks certainly help.
漂亮的长相当然有用。



Attractive appearance is surely very useful in the making of an icon.
④ So does a special indefinable charisma, with the help of the media.
另外，在媒体的炒作下某种难以描述的、特殊的个人魅力也起作用。



A particular great charm that is hard to define also proves useful.
The media help to impress people with it.

Being Somebody
Donna Wool folk Cross
4 One hundred years ago, people became famous for what they had achieved.
Men like J.P. Morgan, E. H. Harriman and Jay Gould were all notable achievers. So
were Thomas Edison, Mark Twain, and Susan B. Anthony.

5 Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day. Today's celebrities,
however, often do not become known for any enduring achievement. The people we
most admire today are usually those who are most highly publicized by the media.

① Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day.
①②



Today we still see or feel what they achieved in the past.
② Today's celebrities, however, often do not become known for any
enduring achievement.



But, today, people often do not become famous because they've
achieved something ( a great book, an invention, a discovery, a way of

thinking, etc. ) that will last or influence people for a long time.


6 In 1981, a Gallup poll revealed that Nancy Reagan was the nation's
admired year before, that distinction went to President Carter's wife,
Rosalynn. In fact, the wife of the current president is always one of the nation's most
admired women. Today's celebrities, as the writer Daniel Boorstin says, are
well-known for their well-knownness.

① The year before, that distinction went to President Carter's wife,
Rosalynn.
①



The year before, the titlehonour was given to President Carter’s
wife, year before, President Carter's wife, Rosalynn, won the
honour.


7 To become such a celebrity, one needs luck, not accomplishment. As Boorstin
says, The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by his image
or trademark. The hero created himself; the celebrity is created by the media. The
hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name.

① The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by his
image or trademark.
英雄因其成就而出众，而名流则因其形象或者说是其特征而出名。
②③
①



The hero was different from ordinary people because of what he had
achieved the celebrity differs from ordinary people merely because he is
well- known.
② The hero created himself the celebrity is created by the media.

The hero was admired for what he had hone for society the
celebrity bursts onto the scene through the work of the media.
③ The hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name.
英雄是了不起的人物，名流是了不起的名声。



the hero was an outstanding man with excellent qualities the
celebrity is an average person with an enviable reputation.


8 There is another distinction: heroes inspire respect; celebrities inspire envy.
Few of us believe we could be another Jonas Salk or Eleanor Roosevelt, but we could
be another TV star like Telly Savalas or Suzanne Somers. Except for the attention
they get from the media, these people are exactly like us.

① Heroes inspire respect; celebrities inspire envy.
②
①



Another way to distinguish heroes and celebrities is that people
respect heroes and envy celebrities.
② Except for the attention they get from the media, these people are
exactly like us.
要是没有媒体的关注，这些人和我们完全一样。



If the media didn't give them so much attention, they wouldn’t be any
different from ordinary people.


9 The shift from hero- worship to celebrity-worship occurred around the turn of the
century. It was closely tied to the rise of new forms of media— first photography, and
later moving pictures, radio and television. For the first time, Americans could see and
recognize their heroes. Previously, men like Gould and Harriman, whose names
everyone knew, could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized.
②
①
The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities

whose dress, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon. Slowly,
the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to
knowing what they looked like.

① Previously, men like Gould and Harriman , whose names everyone
knew, could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized.
以前，像古尔德和哈里曼这样家喻户晓的人完全可能穿过人群而没被
人认出来。
whose names everyone knew：非限制性定语从句，修饰Gould and
Harriman。
being recognized：动名词的被动形势。



In the past , when famous men like Gould and Harriman walked
through a crowd , it was quite possible that people don’t recognize them ,
though everyone knew of them.
② The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into
celebrities whose dress , appearance ,and personal habits were widely
commented upon.
现在报纸上能刊登照片，这使名人成为名流，他们的衣着、外貌和体
态举止都成为人们评论的对象。



When famous people’s photos appeared in newspapers , their
outward features—their appearance , their clothes , and the way they carried
themselves—began to attract public attention and get talked about , In this way
these famous people gradually became celebrities.


10 The shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving pictures. Between 1901 and
1914, 74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political
leaders, inventors, professionals, and businessmen. After 1922, however, most
articles were about movie stars.

11 With the arrival of television, the faces of the stars became as familiar as
those we saw across the breakfast table. We came to know more about the lives of
the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know personally. Less than
seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures, the shift from
hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.

① With the arrival of television….
电视的出现
②
①



Because we now have television…
② ...than we did about most of the people we know personally.
多于对我们认识的多数人的了解。
than we did：比较从句，did 代表knew。
people we know personally：指我们常见并有接触的人（相对于那些我
们只是在媒体上见过的名流）





than we know about most of the people we actually know.
12 Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of
making itmisleading. Celebrities do
not appear on such a program because of an actual desire — or ability — to talk, but
simply to gain recognition, and prove, merely by showing up, that they are


① Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of

今天在电视台的一个脱口秀节目上一露脸就绝对能证明你在美国“一
②
①
举成名” 。

Today, if you are invited as a guest on a TV talk show ,you definitely
have proved yourself successful in America.
② Celebrities do not appear on such a program because of an actual
desire—or ability—to talk , but simply to gain recognition , and prove , merely
by showing up,that they are
名流在这样的节目中出场，并不是因为他们真想说些什么，或是口才
很棒，而纯属为了 出名，并通过（在荧屏上）露脸，证明他们是“重要人物”。



Celebrities often appear on talk shows, not because they really want
to talk, or because they have something to say, but simply because they want
to become famous and to show that they are important.


13 Being a guest on a talk show does not require qualities of wit, eloquence,
brilliance, insight, or intelligence. A former talent coordinator for
says that when he would ask a scheduled guest,
host about?
says, usually meant,
thought and I have nothing to say of any interest to anyone anywhere.

14 Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room
with sound. One talk show coordinator comments,
who is sure to talk no matter what. Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on
television; thirty seconds is disastrous. A guest who's got to stop to think about
everything he says before he opens his mouth is a ratings nightmare.

① Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with
sound.
多数主持人只要有人说话，让演播室老有声音就很满意。
②
①



Most hosts are more than happy as long as the guests keep talking.

② ...a ratings nightmare.



If a guest on a talk show always hesitates to talk about everything,
the program will get a very bad rating.


15 This kind of attitude rewards smooth, insincere talk, and makes hesitancy look
like stupidity.
16
coordinator.
be dragging his bottom in the ratings.








Lesson Three
Go-Go Americans


Alison R. Lanier
Learning Guide

如果矜持是英国人突出的特性，我们则可以用“风风火火”来概括美国人典型的特点。
他们好像整天在忙 忙碌碌，匆匆去上班，匆匆用午饭，匆匆返回工作；他们没有耐心，脾
气急，爱发火，不耐烦排队；他们 谈公事开门见山，没有客套话，直截了当切入话题；他
们喜爱快餐，大量使用节省劳力的家用电器，钟情 电子通讯设施；他们办事不拘形式，讲

速度，重效率等等。这一切皆源于他们对生命之短 促的紧迫感，视时间为生命的价值观。

1 Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are
falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching,
experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save
carefully, the other being labor.
③
②
①

① If you are not moving ahead , you are falling behind.
Life is a race and everyone in it keeps moving forward . If you stay
where you are , you are being left behind.
② This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching ,
experimenting and exploring.
这种不进则退的观念使得整个民族都觉得有责任去研究、实验和探索。
be committed to：决心或承诺。
With this attitude Americans feel urged to work hard at finding new
ways to make life better through researching, experimenting and exploring.
③ Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the
other being labor.


时间是美国人努力节省的两种东西之一，另一样是劳力。
Americans are often thought to be a squandering (
浪费的
) nation. But
they do work hard at saving two things—time and labour.

2 are slaves to nothing but the clock,Time is
treated as if it were something almost tangible. We budget it, save it, waste it,
steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious commodity.
④
③
①②
Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the
sands have run out of a person's hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every
minute to count.

①


我们只是受时钟的支配。
Time is the only thing that decides what we do or not do in the tine
⑤
available to schedule determines what we do in a particular period of
time .
② Time is treated as if it were something almost tangible.


对待时间简直就像它是看得见、摸得着的东西一样。
Americans treat time as if it were something solid , which you can
seize and control .
③ Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each
lifetime.


许多人深感人的一生之短促。
Many people are keenly aware that life is short .
④ Once the sands（have run out of a person's hourglass , they cannot be
replaced.
一旦岁月的沙粒从人的沙漏里流光，那是无法弥补的。
----Time lost will return no more Once a day in our life is gone , it will never
come back to us .
⑤ We want every minute to count.
我们想让每一分钟都发挥作用。
count：有价值，又重要意义。

We want to use every minute effectively .We want to make good use
of every minute.


3 A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a
rush — often under pressure. City people appear always to be hurrying to get where
they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, elbowing others as they try to
complete their errands. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in
this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating places are
waiting for you to finish so they too can be served and get back to work within the time
allowed. Each person hurries to make room for the next person. If you don't, waiters
will hurry you.

① A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is
in a rush—often under pressure.
外国人对美国的最初印象往往是：人们都是匆匆忙忙，也就是说他们经
③
②①
常有压力。
What a foreigner in the U.S. first notices is perhaps the fact that
everyone is in a hurry—often urged by the need to be doing something .
② Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country.
Eating breakfast and lunch as quickly as possible shows partly how
fast we do things here in the U.S.
③ If you don't, waiters will hurry you.





你要是不赶快，服务员就要催你。

If you don't eat quickly enough, the waiter will urge you to.
4 You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you. You
①②

will miss smiles, brief conversations, small courtesies with strangers. Don't take it
personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else


① You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you.
④
③

You also find that drivers will be rude and that people will walk past
you quickly without paying any attention to you.
② you will miss smiles, brief conversations, small courtesies with
strangers.



在这里，你看不到对陌生人的微笑、和他们简短的谈话以及起码的客套。

To foreigners' disappointment
，
Americans don't usually smile at
them, or start talking with them even briefly, or act politely, for example, say
hello to them.( They are too busy to get their own business done. )
③ Don't take it personally.



这种表现不是针对个人的。

Don't feel upset because this is their way with strangers. It is not
directed against any particular person. They treat all strangers in the same way.
④ This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone
else

这是因为人们极为珍视时间，别 人浪费他们的时间超过了一定礼貌许可
的限度，他们就会感到愤恨。

They dislike people taking up much of their time to the point of
dislike people impolitely taking up much of their
time.


5 This view of time affects the importance we attach to patience. In the
American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what
might be called We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is
④
③
①②

slipping away without some return — be this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest.
⑤
Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter
of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life.

① This view of time affects the importance we attach to patience.

这种时间观影响了我们对耐心的重视。按照美国的价值观标准，耐心
并没有排在很高的地位。

As we value time highly we don’t think patience is a great virtue.
② In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority.

In the American set of values, patience is not regarded as of much
importance.
③ Many of us have what might be called



我们当中很多人都很容易“发火”。

We are impatient. We easily lose our temperget angryflare up.
④ We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away
without some return—be this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest.

只要我们感到消耗了时间而没有回报，我们就开始烦躁不安地走来走
去——无论是在娱乐、在 工作还是在休息，我们都是如此。

Whether we are playing, working or resting, we become impatient if
we find our time is being wasted by someone who keeps us waiting or prevents
us from doing what we have planned to do.
⑤ Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may
find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both
business and daily life.

来自时间观大相径庭的国家的人，可能会发现无论 是在公务方面还是
日常生活中，（在美国）节奏是最难以适应的方面之一。

If you come from countries where people don't value time as much as
we do, you will probably find that the problem of pacetempo is the most difficult
thing to get used to either in business or in daily life.

6 Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesies of a
business call, for example. They will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a
welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country. They
may miss leisurely business chats in a cafe or coffee house. Normally, Americans do
not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much
less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop
a sense of trust and rapport. Rapport to most of us is less important than performance.
④
③
②
①
We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business
⑤
colleague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess and probe
professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.

① Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesies of a
business call, for example.

For example, a business call here will not begin with excessive
welcoming remarks and small talk, which many foreigners like and which a
welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country.

They will not be received with a show of welcome, courtesy, or
friendliness, including a cup of tea or coffee which perhaps is customary in their
home country.
② They may miss leisurely business chats in a café or coffee house.

They may feel disappointed when their American partners do not talk
business with them in an informal and unhurried way in a café or coffee house.
③ Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed
surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for
dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and
rapport.

一般情况下，美国人不会在这种轻松的环境，通过长时间的闲聊来评
价他们的（生意上的）来访者。

Usually, Americans do not try to estimate their visitors’value through
lengthy, leisurely chats in a cafe or a coffee house; they certainly do not take
them out for dinner, or to a place of recreation simply in order to develop a
sense of trust in them and friendly relations with them.
④ We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a
business colleague through social courtesies.

我们通过调查生意伙伴过去的业绩而不是通过社交活动来评价他们。
rather than：而不，与其……不如……。意思与instead of 或 in place
of 相似，但起连接词的作用，连接平行的结构。

We don't judge a business partner by the way he behaves socially.
Instead, we find out what he has previously achieved.
⑤ Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than
socially, we start talking business very quickly.

由于我们总的来说是从专业的角度而不是从社交的角度来评价（我 们
的合作伙伴），来探索（生意的可能性），我们很快就谈正事。

Since we generally evaluate the worth of our business partner by his
professional skills and competence instead of his social abilities, we do not
waste time in socializing, but start talking business right away.


7 Most Americans live according to time segments laid out in engagement
calendars. These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes.
We often give a person two or three (or more) segments of our calendar, but in the
business world we almost always have other appointments following hard on the heels
of whatever we are doing. Time is therefore always ticking in our inner ear.

③
②
①

① Most Americans live according to time segments laid out in
engagement calendars:



多数美国人是按照活动日程表所制定的时间段来生活的。

Most Americans plan their time carefully and follow a strict schedule.
② ...but in the business world we almost always have other appointments
following hard on the heels of whatever we are doing.

可是在商界里，不管我们正在干什么，差不多总是紧接着有其他已经
安排好的活动在等着我们。

.. but a businessman’s schedule is always crowded. We almost
always have one appointment right after another with no intervalbreak in
between.
③ Time is therefore always ticking in our inner ear.



因此时间就像时钟一样无时无刻不在我们的内耳嘀嗒嘀嗒地响着。

The clock is forever reminding us of the shortness of life and urging us
to seize the day and the hour.


8 As a result we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow
of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through telexes, phone calls or
memos rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer —
especially given our traffic-filled streets. We therefore save most personal visiting for
after work hours or for social weekend gatherings.

① As a result we work hard at the task of saving time...
③
②
①



因而我们努力节省时间。

Therefore we try our best to wok out ways of saving time.
② ...we communicate rapidly through telexes, phone calls or memos
rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take

longer—especially given our traffic- filled streets.

especially given our traffic-filled streets：特别是考虑到我们车辆拥挤
的街道。
given：（介词）考虑到…… given that 可以看成是连接词，引出条件
从句。

...personal contacts are pleasant, but they take more time. So we
prefer to exchange information, news, ideas, or whatever quickly through
telexes, phone calls or memos—especially when the streets are full of traffic
and it takes a long time to get from one place to another.
③ We therefore save most personal visiting for after work hours or for
social weekend gatherings.

因此我们把具体的拜访活动，都安排在工作之外的时间，或是周末的
社交聚会。

Most of our business is carried on through
visit our business partners or colleagues only in off-duty hours, or meet them at
weekend parties.


9 To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to
the importance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is carried
on without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final
agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting
increasingly on television screens, conducting
not only in this country but also — by satellite — internationally. An increasingly high
percentage of normal business is being done these days by voice or electronic device.
③
②
①
Mail is slow and uncertain and is growing ever more expensive.

① To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no

relation to the importance of the matter at hand.

我们觉得，电子通讯无需人与人之间直接接触，所处理的事并不因此
而不重要。

The fact that a matter is dealt with through electronic communication
instead of through personal contacts doesn’t mean that it is not
way a matter is dealt with—whether through electronic communication or
personal contacts—has nothing to do with its importance.
② An increasingly high percentage of normal business is being done
these days by voice or electronic devices.

今天通过声音或是电子设施来处理日常公务的比例越来越高。 is
being done：现在进行时的被动形式。

More and more normal business being carried on through such
electronic devices as the telephone, teleconference, telex, fax and E-mail.
③ Mail is slow and uncertain...

The postal system is not always reliable. Your mail might be delayed
or even get lost...


10 The U.S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the
telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social
engagements, to say their
①
Telephones save your feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the
fact that the telephone service is good here, whereas the postal service is less
efficient. Furthermore, the costs of secretarial labor, printing, and stamps are all
soaring. The telephone is quick. We like it. We can do our business and get an answer
in a matter of moments. Furthermore, several people can confer together without
moving from their desks, even in widely scattered locations. In a big country that, too,
is important.
②

① Telephones save your feet and endless amounts of time.



使用电话你不必跑腿，还省了你大量时间。

When you use the telephone ,you don't have to move, and it saves a
lot of time.
② Furthermore,the costs of secretarial labor, printing, and stamps are all
soaring.



再说，雇秘书、印材料、买邮票的费用都在猛涨。

Furthermore, secretarial labour, printing, and stamps cost more than
prices of such things are rising quickly.


11 Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to
work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in
their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper
respect. Assignments are thus felt to be given added weight by the passage of time.
③
②
①
In the U.S. , however, it is taken as a sign of competence to solve a problem, or fulfill
④
a job successfully, with rapidity. Usually, the more important a task is, the more
capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to

① Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their
eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper
respect.

要是不泡上一定的时间，他们就觉得好像当前考虑的事情不够重要，
不足以引起重视。

They seem to think that the more time a task is allowed to complete,
the more important it is.
② Assignments are thus felt to be given added weight by the passage of

time.



因此，事情花的时间越多，人们就越感到它重要。

The more time spent in doing an assignment, the more important the
assignment seems to s are considered esp. important only when a lot
of time has been spent dealing with them.
③ In the U. S.,however, it is taken as a sign of competence to solve a
problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with rapidity.

然而，在美国很快解决问题或很快地胜利完成任务，是一个人有能力
的表现。

But in the U.S. , if you solve a problem, or finish a job successfully and
quickly, it shows that you are competent(it does not show the job is not
important, or it hasn't been given much attention).
④ Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and
attention will be poured into it in order to

一般说来，项目越重要，为了让工程“启动起来”，投入的资金、精力以
及对它的关注也就越多。

Usually, important tasks are given more money, energy and attention
so that they can proceed smoothly and get done in the shortest possible time.










Lesson Four

Take Over
, Bos'n!


Oscar Schisgall
Learning Guide

一艘失事船只的10名幸存水手在救生艇上漂流了20天，水手们干渴难忍，三副因不
许他们碰艇上最后 一小壶淡水，成了众矢之的，尤其是副水手长，对他是更是恨之入骨。
为了保住那壶水，3天来，他没有 合眼，一直把枪口对准了其他水手，不许他们轻举妄动。
他明白，那点水是10个人活下去的动力。他疲 乏至极，就在他倒下之际，他低声说：
水手长，接过去!后来……

1 Hour after hour I kept the gun pointed at the other nine men.
①
From the lifeboat's stern, where I'd sat most of the twenty days of
our drifting, I could keep them all covered. If I had to shoot at
such close quarters, I wouldn't miss. They realized that. Nobody
jumped at me. But in the way they all glared I could see how they'd come to hate my
guts.

① From the lifeboat's stern, where I'd sat most of the twenty days of our
drifting, I could keep them all covered.
从救生艇的尾部，我可以把他 们全纳入我的射程之内，在我们漂浮的20
③
②
天里，大部分时间我都坐在船尾。

For most of the twenty days while the lifeboat was drifting, I had sat at
the back where I could shoot every one of them.
② If I had to shoot at such close quarters. I wouldn't miss.
要是我不得不开枪的话，离这么近他们谁也逃不掉。

If I had to shoot when they were so near (when any of them attempted
to jump at the canteen), I would hit my target without fail

③ But in the way they all glared I could see how they'd come to hate my
guts.
不过从他们瞪着我的那副神态，我能看出来他们对我已是恨之入骨。

They all looked at me angrily; from their expressions I knew that they
hated me very much.


2 Especially Barrett, who'd been bos'n's mate; Barrett said in his harsh, cracked
voice, Y-you can't hold out forever! You're half asleep
now!

① “Y-you can't hold out forever! You're half asleep now!”
你……你不可能这样坚持下去。
①

You can't hold out forever! You're so sleepy that you’ll doze off any
minute.


3 I didn't answer. He was right. How long can a man stay awake? I hadn't dared
to shut my eyes in maybe seventy-two hours. Very soon now I'd doze off, and the
instant that happened they'd jump on the little water that was left.

① I hadn't dared to shut my eyes in maybe seventy-two hours.
②
①

So for about seventy-two hours I didn't dare to have a wink of sleep (I
was fully aware what would happen if I dozed off).
② Very soon now I'd doze off, and the instant that happened they'd jump
on the little water that was left.
我很快就会打盹，只要我一打盹，他们就会向剩下的那点水扑过来。

I knew I could no longer keep my eyes open. I'd fall asleep in no time.
The moment I shut my eyes they'd rush to get the little water left in the canteen.


4 The last canteen lay under my legs. There wasn't much in it after twenty days.
Maybe a pint. Enough to give each of them a few drops. Yet I could see in their
bloodshot eyes that they'd gladly kill me for those few drops. As a man I didn't count
any more. I was no longer third officer of the wrecked Montala. I was just a gun that
kept them away from the water they craved. And with their tongue swollen and their
cheeks sunken, they were half crazy.

① Yet I could see in their bloodshot eyes that they'd gladly kill me for
those few drops.
不过我可以从他们那充满血丝的眼睛里看出，为了 那几滴水他们会毫不
②
①
犹豫地把我宰了。

The expression in their red and swollen eyes told me that they'd
readily kill me to get a few drops of the water.
② As a man I didn't count any more. I was no longer third officer of the
wrecked Montala.
作为人，我不再有什么价值，我不再是蒙难的“ 蒙塔拉”号的三副；这会
儿，我只不过是一杆枪，不让他们喝到梦寐以求的水的一杆枪。

Now they no longer looked upon me as a human being (To them I was
merely a gun that prevented them from drinking the water and, therefore, they’d
gladly get rid of me.)


5 The way I judged it, we must be some two hundred miles east of Ascension.
Now that the storms were over, the Atlantic swells were long and easy, and the
①②

morning sun was hot — so hot it scorched your skin. My own tongue was thick
enough to stop my throat. I'd have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of
water.

① The way I judge it, we must be some two hundred miles east of
Ascension.
根据我的判断，我们很可能是在阿森松岛以东两百英里左右。
④
③

I didn't know where we were, but my knowledge and experience as a
sailor told me were about two hundred miles east of Ascension Island, a remote
island in the south Atlantic Ocean.
② Now that the storms were over, the Atlantic swells were long and easy,
and the morning sun was hot-so hot it scorched your skin.
风暴已经过去，大西洋上波浪平稳，上午的阳光无比灼热，热得把你的
皮肤烤疼。

Now the sea was still, and the boat drifted gently up and down on the
Atlantic Ocean, and the hot morning sun was burning and made our skin hot
and painful.
③ My own tongue was thick enough to stop my throat.
我自己的舌头也粗得能把嗓子堵死。

My tongue was swollen and it almost blocked my throat completely,
making it difficult for me to swallow .
④ I'd have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.
我早就用下半辈子的生命换取了一口水。

I would have exchanged my life for a drink of water.I would have
given up my life to have a few drops of water(if I weren’t thinking of the life of
the others).


6 But I was the man with the gun — the only authority in the boat — and I knew
①

this: once the water was gone we'd have nothing to look forward to but death. As
long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was something to live for.
We had to make it last as long as possible. If I'd given in to the curses, we'd have
emptied the last canteen days ago. By now we'd all be dead.

① But I was the man with the gun-the only authority in the boat -and I
knew this: once the water was gone we'd have nothing to look forward to but
death.
但是我是惟一有枪的人，此时枪是船上惟一的权威，我明白一旦那点水< br>③
②
喝光，我们除了死亡，再也没有别的东西可盼望的了。

But with the gun I was the only man who was in control in the boat. I
was keenly aware of the situation: the water had been keeping us going. If it
were drunk, we'd have nothing to crave for. When our hope was dead, we'd all
die, too
② As long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was
something to live for.
只要我们一直盼着待会儿还能喝上一口水，我们就有了活下去的目标。

As long as we were eagerly expecting a drink of water, we'd try to stay
alive to achieve our goal.
③ If I'd given in to the curses，we'd have emptied the last canteen days
ago.
我要是因为他们的诅咒和谩骂而屈服，好几天之前最后一壶水就会喝得
精光。

If I hadn't held out against their curses, we'd have drunk all the water
many days ago.


7 The men weren't pulling on the oars. They'd stopped that
long ago, too weak to go on. The nine of them facing me were a pack of bearded,
②
①

ragged, half- naked animals, and I probably looked as bad as the rest. Some sprawled
over the gunwales, dozing. The rest watched me as Barrett did, ready to spring the
instant I relaxed.

① The men weren’t pulling on the oars.
③

The men had stopped rowing the boat; it was drifting.
② The nine of them facing me were a pack of bearded, ragged, half-naked
animals...
面对着我的那九个人是一群胡子拉扎、衣衫褴褛、衣不遮体的野兽。

I had before me a group of nine unreasonable, half crazy savages to
deal with.
③ The rest watched me as Barrett did, ready to spring the instant I
relaxed.

The other men watched me the way Barrett watched me ,and they
were ready to jump at the canteen the moment I stopped watching them and
holding the guns on them.


8 When they weren't looking at my face they looked at the canteen under my legs.
9 Jeff Barrett was the nearest one. A constant threat. The bos'n's mate was a
heavy man, bald, with a scarred and brutal face. He'd been in a hundred fights, and
they'd left their marks on him.
10 Barrett had been able to sleep — in fact, he'd slept through most of the night
— and I envied him that. His eyes wouldn't close. They kept watching me, narrow and
dangerous.

11 Every now and then he jeered at me in that hoarse, broken voice:
12
13 ration the rest of the water tonight.
①

14
15

① “We'll ration the rest of the water tonight.




“Tonight, we’ll each be allowed to have a gulp of the remaining water.”
16 Couldn't he understand that if we waited until night the few drops wouldn't be
sweated out of us so fast? But Barrett was beyond all reasoning. His mind had
already cracked with thirst. I saw him begin to rise, a calculating look in his eyes. I
aimed the gun at his chest — and he sat down again.

① Couldn't he understand that if we waited until night the few drops
wouldn't be sweated out of us so fast?
难道他不明白要是我们等到天黑，我们喝下去的那几滴水就不会那么快
④
②③
①
变成汗流掉吗？

As a sailor, he should understand that if we drunk the water at night
when it was cool it would last longer in our bodies.
② But Barrett was beyond all reasoning.

He had almost lost his sense because of thirst.
③ His mind had already cracked with thirst.
口渴已经使他失去了理智。

He had already lost control of himself because of thirst.
④ I saw him begin to rise, a calculating look in his eyes.
我看到他开始站起身来，目光露出一种老谋深算的神色。

It seemed as if Barrett could no longer wait. He was obviously thinking
of how to deal with Synder.

17 I'd grabbed my gun on instinct, twenty days ago, just before running for the
lifeboat. Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water.

18 These fools — couldn't they see I wanted a drink as badly as any of them? But
I was in command here — that was the difference. I was the man with the gun, the
man who had to think. Each of the others could afford to think only of himself; I had to
think of them all.

19 Barrett's eyes kept watching me, waiting. I hated him. I hated him all the more
because he'd slept. As the boat rose and fell on the long swells, I could feel sleep
creeping over me like paralysis. I bent my head. It filled my brain like a cloud. I was
going, going...

① I could feel sleep creeping over me like paralysis.
我觉着困倦之意渗透了全身，使我浑身无力。
②
①

I was so sleepy that I felt weak all over.
② It filled my brain like a cloud. I was going, going...
瞌睡使我的脑子如坠云里雾里。




I was almost overcome by sleepiness. I was becoming unconscious.
20 Barrett stood over me, and I couldn't even lift the gun. In a vague way I could
guess what would happen. He'd grab the water first and take his drop. By that time
the others would be screaming and tearing at him, and he'd have to yield the canteen.
Well, there was nothing more I could do about it.

① By that time the others would be screaming and tearing at him, and
①

he’d have to yield the canteen.

As soon as Barrett grabbed the water, the others would start shouting
and striking him, and seize the canteen from him.


21 I whispered,
22 Then I fell face down in the bottom of the boat. I was asleep before I stopped
moving...
23 When a hand shook my shoulder, I could hardly raise my head. Jeff Barrett's
hoarse voice said,

24 Somehow I propped myself up on my arms, dizzy and weak. I looked at the
men, and I thought my eyes were going. Their figures were dim, shadowy; but then I
realized it wasn't because of my eyes. It was night. The sea was black; there were
stars overhead. I'd slept the day away.

① I looked at the men, and I thought my eyes were going.
②
①

When I looked the men, I realized that my eyesight was declining.
② I slept the day away.
我把白天睡过去了。




I slept all day.
25 So we were in our twenty-first night adrift — the night in which the tramp
Croton finally picked us up — but now, as I turned my head to Barrett there was no
sign of any ship. He knelt beside me, holding out the canteen, his other hand with the
gun steady on the men.

26 I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage. Hadn't they finished that pint of
water this morning? When I looked up at Barrett's ugly face, it was grim. He must have
guessed my thoughts.

27 holding off
these apes all day.
— you — you sure get to see things
different, don't you?

① “I've been holding off these apes all day.
我一直都防备着这帮笨蛋不让他们靠近。
②
①

“I've been keeping these savages away from the water all day.”
② “When you're boss-man,” he added, “in command and responsible for
the rest-you- you sure get to see things different, don't you?”
“当你成了主事的人，”他接着说，“你负起了责任，你要对他人负责的时
侯，你，你看 问题肯定就不一样了，对不？”

When you are in the position of leadership and responsible for the
survival of others, you are sure to see things differently as you have to think not
only of yourself, but of others as well.










Lesson Five
Are you Giving Your Kids Too Much?

benjamin Spock

Learning Guide

天下的父母哪个不疼爱自己的孩子？天下的父母又有哪个不望子成龙、盼女成凤？一个普遍存在的错误观念是：给孩子的越多，越能体现对孩子的爱；相当多的家长对孩子的
物质要求不 愿说“不”。殊不知孩子最需要的是父母对他们的关心和爱护，无节制地满足孩
子的物质愿望不利于他们 的健康成长，也不是他们的愿望。有时孩子的哭闹仅仅是发出信
号，请求家长规定界限。家长应该让孩子 从小就学习如何面对回绝、挫折和失败。


1 While traveling for various speaking engagements, I frequently
stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the
children's bedrooms. In it, I often find so many playthings that there's almost no room
- for my small toilet kit. And the closet is usually so tightly packed with clothes that I
can barely squeeze in my jacket.

① While traveling for various speaking engagements, I frequently stay
overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the children's
bedrooms.
在我应邀到各地演说时，经常在别人家过夜，往往被安排到这家孩 子的
③
②
①
一间卧室。

On my speaking tour, I often stay in the house of a family for the night
and I am given one of the children’s bedrooms.
② no room
没有地方放我小小的洗漱用品包。

for my small toilet kit.
③ And the closet is usually so tightly packed with clothes that I can barely
squeeze in my jacket.

而且衣橱一般也是挂满了衣服，我连一件夹克也塞不进去了。

in .



The closet is usually so full of clothes that I can hardly put my jacket
2 I'm not complaining, only making a point. I think that the tendency to give
children an overabundance of toys and clothes is quite common in American families,
and I think that in far too many families not only do children come to take their parents'
generosity for granted, but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to
children.

① I think that the tendency to give children an overabundance of toys and
clothes is quite common in American families, and I think in far too many
families not only do children come to take their parents' generosity for granted,
but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children.
我觉着给孩子过多的玩具和服 装是美国家庭普遍的倾向。我还认为，在
①
太多太多的家庭里，这样做的结果不仅让孩子们认为 父母对他们的大方理所当
然，而且实际上还会对孩子有一定程度的负面影响。

I think in American families it is quite common for parents to give
children many more toys and clothes than they need. In a lot of families,
children do not feel grateful and do not value what they get. What’s more, to
some extent, this can harm children.


3 Of course, I'm not only thinking of the material possessions children are given.
①
Children can also be overindulged with too many privileges - for example, when
parents send a child to an expensive summer camp that the parents can't really
afford.

① Children can also be overindulged with too many privileges.
孩子们还往往享受过多的特殊待遇，比如家长把孩子送往实际上超过他
们经济能力的、收 费颇高的夏令营。

for example, when parents send a child to an expensive summer
camp that parents can't really afford.


4 Why parents give their children too much, or give things they can't afford? I
believe there are several reasons.

5 One fairly common reason is that parents overindulge their children out of a
sense of guilt. Parents who both hold down full-time jobs may feel guilty about the
amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to compensate
by showering them with material possessions.

① Parents who both hold down full-time jobs may feel guilty about the
amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to
compensate by showering them with material possessions.
都要全日上班而且还要努力保住工作的父母，会因许多时间不在孩子 的
①
身边而可能感到内疚。于是他们给孩子买大量东西，作为弥补。

Parents who both have full-time jobs are too busy to spend much time
with their children. They regret this, so they buy a lot of things for their kids to
make up for their frequent absence.


6 Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything

they had while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned
for but didn't get. Still others are afraid to say no to their children's
endless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or
will be ridiculed if they don't have the same playthings their friends have.

① Still others are afraid to say no to their children’s endless requests for
toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if they don’t
have the same playthings their friends have.
还有的家长不愿拒绝孩子的 没完没了的买玩具的要求，生怕他们觉得家
①
长不爱他们，或唯恐他们因为没有小朋友们一样的 玩具而遭到嘲笑。

There are also parents who are unwilling to deny their children any
toys they ask for. They are afraid that their children will think their parents don’t
love them or that they will be laughed at by their friends if they don’t have the
same playthings their friends have.


7 Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to
their children's unreasonable demands. Such parents vacillate between saying no
and giving in - but neither response seems satisfactory to them. If they refuse a
request, they immediately feel a wave of remorse for having been so strict or
ungenerous. If they give in, they feel regret and resentment over having been a
pushover. This kind of vacillation not only impairs the parents' ability to set limits, it
also sours the parent-child relationship to some degree, robbing parents and their
children of some of the happiness and mutual respect that should be present in
healthy families.

① Such parents vacillate between saying no and giving in.
这类家长举棋不定，对 孩子的无理要求，不知道是该回绝还是该满足，
②
①
觉得这两者都不理想。

but neither response seems satisfactory to them.
② This kind of vacillation not only impairs the parents' ability to set limits, it
also sours the parent-child relationship to some degree, robbing parents and
their children of some of the happiness and mutual respect that should be
present in healthy families.
这种举棋不定的态度使家长下不了决心给孩子规定界限， 同时也一定程
度地影响家长和孩子之间的关系，使他们享受不到健康家庭本应有的欢乐和相互
尊 重。

This kind of vacillation somewhat harms the relationship between
parents and children, preventing them from fully enjoying the happiness and
mutual respect that normally exist in healthy families.


8 But overindulging children with material things does little to lessen parental
guilt (since parents never feel that they've given enough), nor does it make children
feel more loved (for what children really crave is parents' time and attention).
②
①
Instead, the effects of overindulgence can be harmful. Children may, to some degree,
become greedy, self-centered, ungrateful and insensitive to the needs and feelings of
others, beginning with their parents. When children are given too much, it undermines
their respect for their parents. In fact, the children begin to sense that a parent's
unlimited generosity is not right. The paradoxical result may be that these children
will push further, unconsciously hoping that, if they push too hard, they will force their
parents into setting limits.

① But overindulging children too many material things does little to lessen
parental guilt.
③

可是过分满足孩子的物质要求并不能减轻家长的内疚感。

But giving children too many material things doesn’t help much in
relieving parents of their feelings of guilt...
② Instead, the effects of overindulgence can be harmful. Children may, to
some degree, become greedy, self- centered, ungrateful and insensitive to the
needs and feelings of others, beginning with their parents.
相反，宠爱反而有害，孩子们可能会变得贪婪、以自我为中心、 忘恩负
义，对他人（首先是父母）的需要和感情毫不乎。

This overindulgence may turn children into greedy people. They might
think too much about themselves and too little about others. They might take for
granted what other people do for them and neglect to say
might become indifferent tocare nothing about the needs and feelings of
people around them, first of all, those of their parents. Children may become
more or less greedy, selfish, unappreciative and didn’t care about what other
people need and how they feel; first of all, what their parents need and how
their parents feel.
③ The paradoxical result may be that these children will push further,
unconsciously hoping that, if they push too hard, they will force their parents
into setting limits.
这些孩子就会得寸进尺，下意识地希望 过分些会迫使父母给他们的要求
规定界限，这种结果看似（与父母的意图）矛盾，却有道理。

Because parents satisfy every request their children make, their
children may ask for more and more. When children do so, they are actually,
without knowing it, trying to make their parents set limits on what they demand.
Such a result is quite natural and reasonable though it is not what parents
expect.


9 Also, overindulged children are not as challenged as children with fewer
playthings to be more creative in their play. They have fewer opportunities to learn
②
①

the value of money, and have less experience in learning to deal with a delay in
gratification, if every requested object is given on demand.

① Also, overindulged children are not as challenged as children with
fewer playthings to be more creative in their play.
还有，玩具太多的孩子在玩的时候不如玩具少的孩子有创造性。

Children with fewer toys have to think of various ways to play with the
few things they have. So they are likely to become more creative than children
who have far too many playthings because when these children are tired of one
toy, they can always find others to amuse them.
② They have fewer opportunities to learn the value of money ,and have
less experience in learning to deal with a delay in gratification, if every
requested object is given on demand.
如果要什么就给什么，孩子们就没有多少机会去体会钱来 之不易，自己
的要求不能立即满足时就不能正确对待。

If they get whatever they want as soon as they ask for it ,they won’t
have a chance to learn what to do when their requests are not satisfied
immediately.


10 The real purpose of this discussion is not to tell parents how much or how
little to give to their children. Rather, my intent is to help those parents who have
already sensed that they might be overindulging their children but don't know how to
stop.

① Rather, my intent is to help those parents who have already sensed
that they might be overindulging their children but don't know how to stop.
准确地说，我的意图是给那些已经意识到自己娇宠孩子而又不知怎样纠
①
正的家长出点主意。

My purpose is to offer some advice to those parents who have
somewhat realized that they are overindulging their children but don’t know how
to stop.


11 Parents who are fortunate enough not to have a problem with feelings of guilt
don't need to respond crossly to their children when denying a specific request which
is thought to be unreasonable. They can explain, cheerfully, that it's too expensive -
except perhaps as a birthday or holiday gift - or that the child will have to contribute to
its purchase from an allowance or from the earnings of an outside job.

① Parents who are fortunate enough not to have a problem with feelings
of guilt don't need to respond crossly to their children when denying a specific
request which is thought to be unreasonable.
有幸没有内疚感的家长们在回绝孩子的无理要求时也无需跟他们发火。
②
①

If parents don't feel guilty, there is no need for them to reject their
children’s unreasonable request angrily.
② They can explain, cheerfully, that it's too expensive--- except perhaps as
a birthday or holiday gift -----or that the child will have to contribute to its
purchase from an allowance or from the earnings of an outside job.
他们可以和颜悦色地解释说这东西 太贵了（生日礼物和节日礼物例外），
也可以让孩子也掏出点自己的零花钱或是在外面挣的钱来买这件东 西。

The child will have to pay partly for what he wants to buy out of his
regular pocket money or from what he has earned by doing jobs outside home.


12 It's the cheerfulness and lack of hesitation that impress upon the child that
parents mean what they say. A cross response signals that the parents are in inner
conflict. In fact, I'll make a rash statement that I believe is true, by and large: Children
①

will abide by what their parents sincerely believe is right. They only
begin arguing and pestering when they detect uncertainty or guilt, and
sense that their parents can be pushed to give them what they want, if
they just keep at it. But the truth is that a child really wants parents to
be in control - even if it means saying no to a request - and to act with conviction in a
kind and loving fashion.

① A cross response signal that the parents are in inner conflict.
②

When parents reject an unreasonable request angrily, it shows that
deep down they are not really sure whether or not they should do so.
② But the truth is that a child really wants parents to be in control...and to
act with conviction in a kind and loving fashion.
然 而，实际情况是，孩子真正需要的是父母当家做主——既果断行事，
又和蔼可亲，尽管这意味着有时要回 绝他们的要求。

What children really want is parents' control of them. They expect
parents to handle things in a decisive, kind and loving manner.


13 But, you may answer, I often am uncertain about whether to give in to many of
my children's requests. That doesn't mean you can't change. First you should try to
determine what makes you submissive or guilty. Then, even if you haven't uncovered
the reason, you should begin to make firm decisions and practice responding to your
children's requests in a prompt, definite manner.

14 Once you turn over a new leaf, you can't expect to change completely right
away. You are bound to vacillate at times. The key is to be satisfied with gradual
improvement, expecting and accepting the occasional slips that come with any
change. And even after you are handling these decisions in a firmer and more
confident manner, you can't expect your children to respond immediately. For a while
②③
①

they'll keep on applying the old pressures that used to work so well. But they'll
eventually come to respect your decisions once they learn that nagging and arguing
no longer work. In the end, both you and your children will be happier for it.

① Once you turn over a new leaf ,you can’t expect to change completely
right away.

Once you make up your mind to stop overindulging your children, you
should realize that it is impossible to shake off your old ways overnight.
② You are bound to vacillate at times.
有时你肯定还是会犹豫不决。

You are sure to hesitate sometimes between saying yes or no to your
children's unreasonable demands.
③ The key is to be satisfied with gradual improvement, expecting and
accepting the occasional slips that come with any change.
对这种情况，最好的态度就是看到自 己在逐渐改进而感到满意，对偶尔
的反复要有思想准备，不要回避，任何的改变都是反复的。

The right attitude is that you should not expect a sudden and complete
change, but be pleased with every little bit of progress you make. You should
be prepared that, from time to time, you might turn back to your old ways. Do
not feel upset if that happens because in the process of any change, such slips
are only to be expected.

Lesson Six
Culture Shock

Learning Guide

在今天的社会里，很少有人一生只在一个地方生活， 只在一种环境里活动。一个人在
成长过程中，从幼儿园到小学、中学、乃至大学，不断离开自己熟悉的同 伴而进入新的环
境。越来越多的学子走出国门到海外求学。由于各种原因，人们更换工作单位、居住地点 ，
到陌生的地方去求生存、求发展。环境的变化往往给人们带来各种生理的和心理的不适，
甚至 压力。社会学家把这种情况称之为“文化震荡”，指出这是当今社会的一种流行病，并
分析了其病因、症 状、过程和治愈方式。这些分析也许对于预防和治疗此病有一定的作用。

Cause and Symptoms
Kalvero Oberg


1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of
people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most
diseases, it has its own symptoms.

2 Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar
signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand
and one ways with which we are familiar in the situation of daily life: when to shake
hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to go
shopping, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements
seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial
expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up
and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we
accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of
these cues, often without our conscious awareness.
③
②
①

① Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all
our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.
文化震荡是由因失去社交活动中人们熟悉的标志和信号而引起的忧虑
所造成的。
In a foreign country , you are not familiar with the ways there, and you
don’t know how to communicate with the people. So you feel worried and
confused. This is what is known as culture shock.
② These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions,
custom, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are
as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we
accept.
这些信号，可能是文字、姿势、面部表情、习俗或规范，在我们成长的
过程中逐渐被我们接受，它们和我们使用的语言或我们所接受的信仰一样是我们
文化的一部份。
We have become familiar with these signs that show us how to
behave properly as we grow up. They are a part of our culture just as our
language and our beliefs are.
③ All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds
of these cues, often without our conscious awareness.
我们每个人都是不自觉地依赖这些成百上千的信号来维持心境的平和
即办事的效率。
Owing to these cues, we don’t have to worry whether or not our
behavior is proper, and we function efficiently , often without our having to think
about it.

3 Now when a person enters a strange culture, all or most of
these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of
water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may
be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed
by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the
same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.
of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.
strange land get together to grumble about the host country and its people, you can be
sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another symptom of culture shock is
regression. The home environment suddenly takes on a tremendous importance. To
the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems
are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes
a trip home to bring one back to reality.

① No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of
props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration
and anxiety.
无论你的思想如何开通，无论你 的愿望有多美好，支撑你的那些柱子一
⑤
④
③
②
①
下子从你 的脚下抽掉，你就会大有受挫之感与忧虑不安之感。
When you find there are no such cues to guide your behavior, you feel
upset and worried.
② People react to the frustration in much the same way.


in much the same way：以差不多相同的方式。
People’s reactions to the frustration are much the same.
③ First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.
First they refuse to accept the ways of the new place, then they feel
uncomfortable.

④ The home environment suddenly takes on a tremendous importance.
To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified:
这时在一个刚到外国的人的心目中，自己国家各方面的情况忽然变得无
比重要。对他来说家乡的 每一件事都变得不合逻辑地美好了。
In the mind of the foreigner the home country suddenly begins to have
a very important place and heshe illogically believes it better than it really is.
When a person is in a foreign country, he suddenly comes to believe irrationally
that everything back at home is wonderful.
⑤ It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.


只有回国一趟，才能使他们回到现实中来。
Usually when you are back in your home country again, you realize
that there are problems there.(It is not as good as you believed in the crisis
phase of your stay abroad)


4 Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands;
excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical
contact with attendants; the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a
desire for dependence on long term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger
over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and
finally, that terrible longing to be back home.

5 Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them.
Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries.
However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a
satisfactory adjustment can see steps in the process.
Stages of Adjustment
Raymond Zeuschner

①②

① Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects
them.
Culture shock has different effects on different people.
② Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign
countries.
Some people find it so hard to adapt to a new environment that they
cannot live anywhere except in their own country, but this is not common.


6 Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they
experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed.
Examples of such situations include moving to a new city, traveling to a new country,
and becoming part of a new organization, military unit or corporation.

7 Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is
perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice
several superficial differences such as music, food, and clothing, and the fresh appeal
of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive. If you are a real
tourist, you probably do not stay long enough for this phase to wear off but go on to
the next new location or experience. There are people who frequently change jobs,
majors, romantic partners, travel plans, clothing styles, foods, diets, or cars so that
they never get very far away from the honeymoon stage of culture shock. It is very
pleasant to travel and to try out and explore whatever is new.

8 When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage two - the
crisis stage - in which the shine wears off and day to-day realities sink in. In a
①

relationship, you notice annoying habits; in a new country, you find barriers to
establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases.
Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties
and unpleasantness of reality replace the charming and picturesque
However, if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will
probably move to the third phase of culture shock: recovery.

① ... the crisis stage-in which the shine wears off and day- to-day realities
sink in.
即危机阶段，在这个阶段，美好的印象渐渐消失，你明白了必须面对
②
日常生活中的实际问题。
...the favorable impressions give way to the tedious routine, and you
come to understand there are problems you have to deal with daily things in a
foreign county.
② ... in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to
learning the language beyond a few polite phrases.
在新到的 国家里，你发现与他人建立联系时有重重障碍，你还会发现
除了说几句客套话之外，学习当地语言也不容 易。
...in a new country, you find it is difficult to get to know people and
make friends. Also it is not so easy to learn the language except for a few polite
phrases.


9 In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal
behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some
mastery, competence, and comfort. After about two weeks in London, I began to feel
familiar with traveling by
correct currency, buying a newspaper, and using some phrases that are unique to
English people. I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of
②
①

sharing a great deal with the English in some broad, cultural aspects. In a country that
was very different from my own, it would probably have taken me longer to move into
the recovery phase.

① In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal
behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of
some mastery, competence, and comfort.
在调整阶段，你去了解新环境的制度、办事的程度、语言或非语言的
行为举止等；基本掌握之后，你就能处理各种问题了，也感到自如了。
so that you can function pretty well in the new environment because
you have learnt how to do things skillfully and with ease.
② ... using some phrases that are unique to English people.
... using phrases that only the English use (which Americans and
other English-speaking people don’t use).


10 Finally, the fourth, or adjustment, phase occurs when you feel that you
function well and almost automatically in the new culture. You no longer need to
make mental conversions of the country's money; you know where services are
located and how to use them; you understand some of the customs that accompany
ordinary life, and it is relatively easy for you to adjust to them. A greater enjoyment of
the new experience is now possible, and you may regain some of the initial positive
regard you had in the honeymoon stage. If you stay long enough on a visit from a big
city to a small town, or, the other way round, you may become so well adapted to the
new environment that when you return to your original home, you will again
experience culture shock. For some people, it may take several days to readjust,
depending on the length of time they were away. Usually, however, since you are in
your home culture, your shock wears off faster than the shock that you experienced in
the new culture.
④
③
②
①

① Finally, the fourth, or adjustment phase occurs when you feel that you
function well and almost automatically in the new culture.
最后，在新的文化环境中你一切运转良好，近乎自如，这时你已进入
第四个阶段，即适应阶段。
When you feel quite at home in the new place, then you reach the
fourth phase of adjustment.
② You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country’s
money...


你再也不需要时时在脑子里把当地的货币换算成你自己国家的货币。
You don’t have to figure out how much something costs in terms of
your home country's money...
③ A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you
may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage.
you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the
honeymoon stag：你在蜜月阶段最初形成的美好印象可能会恢复几分。
You may enjoy life in the new environment more than you did in the
honeymoon phase, and you may also find again in the host country some of the
good things that impressed you when you first arrived.
④ For some people, it may take several days to readjust, depending on
the length of time they were away.
有些人可能要花上几天的时间来适应一切，需要多长时间与他们离开
的时间长短有关。
If you were away from your home country for a long time, it may take
several days to become adapted again to the environment. As to how long it
takes to readjust, this is determined by how long you've been away.

Lesson Seven
The Model Millionaire (Ⅰ)


Oscar Wilde
Learning Guide


一个虽有英 俊的相貌与潇洒的风度但没有钱的小伙子，在普遍认为漂亮不如有钱的伦
敦社会，有资格谈情说爱吗?他 能得到姑娘们的青睐吗?休吉就是这样一位青年，偏偏有一
位美丽的姑娘愿意嫁给他。未来的老丈人对小 伙子也颇为欣赏。但是若论及婚嫁，先得拿
出1万英镑。对此这个性格开朗的年轻人是一筹莫展，到哪里 去筹这笔巨款?那天在朋友
的画室里，一个衣衫褴褛、满脸愁容的老模特打动了他的心。自己虽穷，但他 仍然可怜比
他更穷的人，他毫不犹豫地把兜里唯一的一个英镑悄悄地送给了那可怜的老头。


1 Unless one is wealthy there is no use in being a charming fellow.
①
Romance is the privilege of the rich, not the profession of the
unemployed. The poor should be practical and ordinary. It is better to
have a permanent income than to be attractive. These are the great truths of modern
life which Hughie Erskine never realised. Poor Hughie! Intellectually, we must admit,
he was not of much importance. He never said a clever or even an ill-natured thing in
his life. But then he was wonderfully good- looking, with his brown hair, his clear-cut
face, and his grey eyes. He was as popular with men as he was with women, and he
had every quality except that of making money. His father, on his death, had left him
his sword and a history of a particular war in fifteen volumes. Hughie hung the first
⑤
④
③
②

over his looking- glass, put the second on a shelf, and he lived on two hundred pounds
a year that an old aunt allowed him. He had tried everything. He had gone on the
Stock Exchange for six months; but what was a butterfly to do among bulls and bears?
He had been a tea merchant for a little longer, but he had soon tired of that. Then he
had tried selling dry sherry. That did not answer; the sherry was a little too dry. At
last he became nothing, a delightful, useless young man with a perfect face and no
profession.

① Romance is the privilege of the rich, not the profession of the
unemployed. The poor should be practical and ordinary. It is better to have a
permanent income than to be attractive.
具有浪漫色彩的爱情是有钱人的专利，而不是失业者的职业。
⑦
⑥

Only rich people have the right to fall in love while those who are poor
and out of work don’t have the right. If you don’t have a job, you should be wise
enough not to fall in love. In this world, wealth is the most important thing. For
the poor, good looks aren’t as important as a job. So they should first find a way
of making a living rather than seek love.
② Poor Hughie ！Intellectually, we must admit, he was not of much
importance.
时运不佳的休吉！我们必须承认，从智力来说，他确实平平常常。

His mental abilities were about or below average.
③ He never said a clever or even an ill- natured thing in his life.
他一辈子既没有说过一句俏皮的话，也没有讲过伤人的话。

He was not intelligent enough to have said anything witty in his life,
not even something unpleasantdisagreeablenasty.
④ He was as popular with men as he was with women and he had every
quality except that of making money.
他在男士和女士中间人缘都很好。除了赚钱的才能之外，他别的才艺
样样都有。

and he possessed every desirable quality except the ability to make
money.
⑤ His father, on his death, had left him his sword and a history of a
particular war in fifteen volumes.

When his father died, all he left Hughie was a sword and a set of
history books.
⑥ He had gone on the Stock Exchange for six months; but what was a
butterfly to do among bulls and bears?
他曾经搞过六个月的股票买卖。可是，一个干事无长性的人在行家当
中遨游股市，又能有何作为？

He had speculated on stocks for six months. But how can you expect
a man who jumped from one profession to another to succeed in the stock
business?
⑦ That did not answer...
那（卖干即无甜味的雪利酒）也没有凑效。

The dry sherry did not sell enough for Hughie to make a profit
，
because it was a little too dry.


2 To make matters worse, he was in love. The girl he loved was Laura Merton,
the daughter of a former army officer who had lost his temper and his health in India,
and never found either of them loved him and he was ready to kiss her
shoestrings. They were the handsomest couple in London, and had not a penny
between them. Her father was very fond of Hughie, but would not hear of any
engagement.

① Her father was very fond of Hughie, but would not hear of any
engagement.
她父亲很喜欢休吉，但是不允许他们订婚。
①

not hear of：不允许。




but would not permit his daughter's engagement with Hughie.
3
and we will see about it,
days, and had to go to Laura for comfort.

4 One morning, as he was on his way to Holland Park, where the Mertons lived,
he dropped in to see a great friend of his, Alan Trevor. Trevor was a painter. Indeed,
few people are not nowadays. But he was also an artist, and artists are rather rare.
Personally he was a strange, rough fellow, with a freckled face and red, rough beard.
However, when he took up the brush he was a real master, and his pictures were
eagerly sought after. He had been very much attracted by Hughie at first, it must be
admitted, entirely on account of his personal charm. The only people a painter
should know,used to say,
pleasure to look at, and restful to talk to. Men who are well-dressed and women who
are lovely rule the world - at least they should do r, after he got to know
Hughie better, he liked him quite as much for his bright, cheerful spirits, and his
generous, careless nature, and had asked him to come to his studio whenever he
liked.

① Indeed, few people are not nowadays.
现在几乎没有什么人不是画家。
⑥
⑤
④
③
②
①

Nowadays almost everyone has become a painter.
② But he was also an artist, and artists are rather rare.
不过他也是个艺术家，而艺术家却不多见。

There are not many artists.
③ ...his pictures were eagerly sought after.

他的作品是人们殷切追求的对象。

many people tried to get his paintings to add to their collection.
④ He had been very much attracted by Hughie at first, it must be
admitted, entirely on account of his personal charm.

It was true that at first Trevor was attached to Hughie simply because
he was nice to look at, and delightful to talk to.
⑤ The only people a painter should know he used to say,“are people who
are beautiful, people who are an artistic pleasure to look at, or restful to talk to.
他过去常说：“画家只应该认识那些长得漂亮的人，看到他们是一种艺
术享受，和他们谈话你感到轻松、 悠然。

Painters should only know two kinds of people: those who are
charming and good-looking, and those they can talk to informally and
comfortablyin a relaxed manner.
⑥ However, after he got to know Hughie better, he liked him quite as
much for his bright, cheerful spirits, and his generous, careless nature.
不过对休吉有了进一步的了解之后，他对休吉的乐观精神 与他那慷慨
大方、不斤斤计较、大大咧咧的性格也同样很喜欢。

When Alan Trevor got to know Hughie better, he was attracted by his
delightful personality.


5 When Hughie came in he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to a
wonderful life-size picture of a beggar-man. The beggar himself was standing on a
raised platform in a corner of the room. He was a wizened old man with a wrinkled
face and a sad expression. Over his shoulder was thrown a rough brown coat, all torn
and full of holes; his thick boots were old and patched; and with one hand he leant on
①

a rough stick, while with the other he held out his battered hat for money.

① When Hughie came in he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to
a wonderful life-size picture of a beggar-man.
他看到特里沃在给一幅和真人一样大小的、精彩的乞丐图进行最后的
润饰。




When Hughie came in, he found Trevor had almost finished the icture.
6 What an amazing model!
friend.
7 at the top of his voice;
Such beggars are not met with every day. Good heavens! What a picture Rembrandt
would have made of him!

① What a picture Rembrandt would have made of him!
伦勃朗要是活着，用他当模特能画出一幅绝妙的画来。
①

If Rembrandt were alive, he would have made a wonderful picture of
the old man as his model.

8
painters, his face is valuable.
9
10
comfortable seat.

11
12
13

14
15

16 I think the model should have a percentage,


① ...I think the model should have a percentage...
我觉着模特也应分成。
①

...I think the model should have a share of what you are paid for the
picture...

17
and standing all day in front of the picture! It's easy, Hughie, for you to talk, but I tell
you that there are moments when art almost reaches the importance of manual work.
But you mustn't talk; I'm very busy. Smoke a cigarette, and keep quiet.
18 After some time the servant came in, and told Trevor that the frame-maker
wanted to speak to him.

19
20 The old beggar-man took advantage of Trevor's absence to rest for a moment
on a wooden seat that was behind him. He looked so miserable that Hughie pitied him,
and felt in his pockets to see what money he had. All he could find was a pound and
some pennies.
I shan't have much money myself for a week or two
and slipped the pound into the beggar's hand.
21 The old man startled, and a faint smile passed across his lips.
he said,
22 Then Trevor arrived, and Hughie left, blushing a little at what he had done.
①
He spent the day with Laura, was charmingly blamed for giving away a pound, and

had to walk home.

① He spent the day with Laura, was charmingly blamed for giving away
one pound, and had to walk home.
这天他后来一直和劳拉在一起，他给了别人一英镑，自己不得不走回
家，为此受到劳拉娇柔的嗔怪。
be blamed for (dong) sth：因……而受到责备。

He spent the rest of the day with Laura, who gently criticized him for
giving one pound to the model. As he had no money left for a cab, he had to
walk home.

Lesson Eight


Oscar Wilde

Learning Guide

当休吉得知那老乞丐原来是欧洲少有的巨富，十分懊丧；听说朋友把自己为婚事发愁
的隐私也告诉了那老 头，性格随和的他也动怒了。次日，富翁派人来访，休吉断定他是代
表主人来向他讨个歉意；没想到老头 解决了他的燃眉之急……


1 That night Hughie went to a club about eleven o'clock, and found Trevor sitting
by himself in the smoking room drinking.
2 all right?
3
model you saw has become very fond of you. I had to tell him all about you - who you
are, where you live, what your income is, what hopes you have -
4 shall probably find him waiting for me when I go
home. But, of course, you are only joking. Poor old fellow! I wish I could do something
for him. I think it is terrible that any one should be so miserable. I have got heaps of
old clothes at home - do you think he would care for any of them? Why, his rags were
falling to bits.

① “I have got heaps of old clothes at home-do you think he would care for
any of them? Why, his rags were falling to bits.”
do you think he would care for any of them? Why, his rags were
①

falling to bits：你觉着他愿意要几件？唉，他的衣服就要成碎片了。
care for：愿意要……
fall：（系动词）开始变成……

...I have got a lot of old clothes at home-do you think he would like to
have any of them? Well, his clothes were almost rags.


5 in them,I should never want to paint him
in a frock coat for anything. What you call rags I call romance. What seems poverty
to you is charm to me. However, I'll tell him of your offer.

① I should never want to paint him in a frock coat for anything.
他要是身着长礼服，我说什么也不会画他。
②
①

If he were dressed in a frock coat, I would not have painted for
anything.
② What seems poverty to you is charm to me.
你眼里的贫困是我心目中的魅力。

You think that the old man’s rags, battered hat and sad expression all
show that he is poor, but those are exactly what attract me most as an artist.


6 you painters are a heartless lot.
7 An artist's heart is his head,business is to
show the world as we see it, not to make it better. And now tell me how Laura is. The
old model was quite interested in her.

②
①

① “...you painters are a heartless lot.”
你们画家真是一帮铁石心肠的人。

you painters are a group of people who have no sympathy for
othersthe poor.
② “An artist’s heart is his head,” replied Trevor; “and besides, our
business is to show the world as we see it, not to make it better...”
艺术家的心肠是他的头脑。我们的任务是反映客观世界，而不是美化
世界。

“An artist is guided by his judgment not by his emotions,” said Trevor;
“and besides, our work is to present the world honestly, not to improve it...”

8 mean to say you talked to him about her?
9
ten thousand pounds.
10
very red and angry.

11 as you call him, is one of
the richest men in Europe. He could buy all London tomorrow. He has a house in
every capital, has his dinner off gold plate, and can prevent Russia going to war when
he wishes.
12 What on earth do you mean?
13
Hausberg. He is a great friend of mine, buys all my pictures and that sort of thing, and
①
gave me a commission a month ago to paint him as a beggar. What do you expect?
It is the whim of a millionaire. You know these rich men. And I must say he looked
②
fine in his rags, or perhaps I should say in my rags; they are an old suit I got in
Spain.

① ...gave me a commission a month ago to paint him as a beggar.
一个月之前他给了我一笔佣金，叫我把他画成个乞丐。

a month ago he told me to paint a picture of him as a beggar.
② It is the whim of a millionaire. You know these rich men.
这当然是百万富翁一时心血来潮的怪念头，你知道这帮阔老爷是会做
这种事的。




It is a sudden and unreasonable idea of a millionaire.
14 ！
sank into an arm- chair the picture of dismay.
15 burst into a roar of laughter.
dear boy, you'll never see it again. His business is with other men's money.

① “...you'll never see it again. His business is with other men’s money.”
你的那一英镑是拿不回来了，他做的事别人的钱的生意。
①

He invests other men's. (Most likely he is a broker-a person who buys
and sells things, for example, shares in a business, for other people. Maybe he
is a banker or he runs an investment company, or that sort of thing.)


16 ought to have told me, Alan,
not have let me make such a fool of myself.
17 It never entered my mind that you
went about giving money away in that careless manner. I can understand your kissing
a pretty model, but your giving money to an ugly one -, no! Besides, when you came in

I didn't know whether Hausberg would like his name mentioned. You know he wasn't
in full dress!

① “...You know he wasn't in full dress! ”
你是知道的，他当时穿着可是不雅观。
①
in full dress：礼服，正式场合的穿着。




he was in rags. He was not in normal clothes.
18
19 in the highest spirits after you left; kept laughing to himself
and rubbing his old wrinkled hands together. I couldn't understand why he was so
interested to know all about you; but I see it all now. He'll invest your pound for you,
Hughie, pay you the interest every six months, and have a wonderful story to tell after
dinner.
20 devil,
and, my dear Alan, you mustn't tell anyone. I shouldn't dare to show my face if
people knew.

① “I shouldn't dare to show my face if people knew ”
①

If people knew I had given a pound to a millionaire, how they would
laugh at me, and how I could face their ridicule.


21
another cigarette, and you can talk about Laura as much as you like.
22 However, Hughie wouldn't stay, but walked home, feeling very unhappy, and
leaving Alan Trevor helpless with laughter.
①

① However, Hughie wouldn't stay, but walked home, feeling very
unhappy, and leaving Alan Trevor helpless with laughter.
可是，休吉再也呆不下去了，他满面愁容走回了家，把艾伦·特里沃乐
得喘不上气来。
helpless with：控制不住强烈的感情，如大笑、大怒、绝望等。

Hughie's embarrassment amused Trevor so much that he started
laughing and could not stop.


23 The next morning, as he was at breakfast, the servant brought him a card on
which was written, for M. le Baron Hausberg.
he has come for an apology,
the visitor in.
24 An old gentleman with gold glasses and grey hair came into the room and
said, in a slight French accent, Have I the honour of speaking to Monsieur Erskine?
25 Hughie bowed.
26

27
28 has commissioned me to
bring you this letter
29 On the outside was written,
Merton, from an old beggar,
30 When they were married Alan Trevor was the best man, and the Baron made a
speech at the wedding breakfast.
31 models,

are rarer still!

Lesson Nine
Only Three More Days


William L. Shirer
Learning Guide


第二次世界大战结束已经五十多年，但是这场人类有史以来最大的灾难，至今仍然给人们留下许多值得反思的问题，仍然是影视、文学、艺术作品热衷于挖掘的题材。经受了
这场战争的 人不会忘记那个年代，也希望今天的年轻人牢记这场战争给人们的教训，不让
历史重演。从这个意义上来 说，60年代出版并风靡世界的《第三帝国的兴亡》的作者如
何在纳粹分子鼻子底下携带大量珍贵资料大 模大样登上德国航空公司的班机逃离柏林的
故事，仍然具有现实意义。


1 My Berlin diary for December 2 was limited to four words.
2
3 Next day, December 3: holding up my
passport and exit visa, which worries me. Did my last broadcast from Berlin tonight.

4
tomorrow. Nothing to do now but pack.
5 There was one other thing to do. For weeks I had thought over how to get my
diaries safely out of Berlin. At some moments I had thought I ought to destroy them
before leaving. There was enough in them to get me hanged - if the Gestapo ever
②
①

discovered them.

① “...Nothing to do now but pack.”

The only thing that remains to be done is packing.
省略，（
I had
）

Nothing to do but pack.
② There was enough in them to get me hanged--if Gestapo ever
discovered them.
要是盖世太保发现了我的日记，那里面足有以把我送上绞刑架的内容。
to get me hanged，修饰enough。

They would kill me for what I had written about Nazi Germany in my
diaries.


6 The morning I got my passport and exit visa I realized I had less than
twenty-four hours to figure out a way of getting my Berlin diaries out. I again thought of
destroying them, but I wanted very much to keep them, if I could. Suddenly, later that
morning, the solution became clear. It was risky, but life in the Third Reich had
always been risky. It was worth a try.

① Suddenly, later that morning, the solution became clear.
那天上午晚些时候，办法突然明朗了。
②
①

I suddenly thought of a way to solve the problem later that morning. I
suddenly figured out a way to solve the problem later that morning.
② It was risky, but life in the Third Reich had always been risky. It was
worth a try.
这个办法要冒很大的风险，不过在第三帝国生活本身就是冒险，因此这
个办法值得一试。

It was very dangerous, but life in Nazi Germany was full of risks. It
was worth trying.

7 I laid out the diaries in two big steel suitcases I had bought. Over them I placed
a number of my broadcast scripts, each page of which had been stamped by the
military and civilian censors as passed for broadcast. On top I put a few General Staff
maps I had picked up from friends. Then I phoned the Gestapo Headquarters. I had a
couple of suitcases full of my dispatches, broadcasts and notes that I wanted to take
out of the country, I said. As I was flying off early the next day, there would be no time
for Gestapo officials at the airfield to go over the contents. Could they take a look now,
if I brought them over; and if they approved, put a Gestapo seal on the suitcases so I
wouldn't be held up at the airport?

8
9 After I hung up, I had some more doubts. Wasn't I tempting fate: how could
these hard-nosed Nazi detectives help but smell out the diaries beneath my
broadcasts? That would be the end of me. Maybe I had just better begin to flush
them down the toilet. On the other hand ... I calculated that the secret police would
seize the General Staff maps. That's why I had put them there on top. Customs
officials always felt better if they found something in your bags to seize, and so would
these Gestapo officials.

① Wasn't I tempting fate: how could these hard-nosed Nazi detectives
help but smell out the diaries beneath my broadcasts?
我这不是在拿生命开玩笑吗？
②
①
tempt fate：冒险，玩命。

Wasn't I risking my life? I was doing something very dangerous.
Perhaps those very strict Nazi detectives would sense something and
diginspect deeper. Then they would definitely find my diaries beneath the
broadcast

② Maybe I had just better begin to flush them down the toilet.
或许我最好还是现在动手，把日记扔进马桶冲掉。

Maybe I had better tear them to pieces and throw them into the toilet
and flush them down.


10 Then they would look at the layers of my broadcast scripts and I would point to
the censors' stamps of approval on each page. That would make a Gestapo official
sit up and take notice. It would give me prestige in his eyes, or at least make me less
suspect, foreigner though I was. I was going to gamble on their inspection ending
there, before they dug deeper to my diaries. The feared Gestapo, I knew, was really
not very efficient.

① That would make a Gestapo official sit up and take notice.
那些印章会一下子引起任何一个盖世太保的注意。
④
③
②
①
make sb sit up：（口语）使……吃惊，使警觉。

The censors' stamps of approval would immediately attract any
Gestapo official's attention.
② It would give me prestige in his eyes, or at least make me less suspect,
foreigner though I was.

疑。
It：指上句所提的内容（他们对那些印章的注意）
suspect：信不过的，可疑的。
尽管我是外国人这也会让他对我刮目相看，至少也能减少他对我的猜

This would make me look important in his eyes, or at least reduce his
suspicion even though I was a foreign journalist.( He would find me less
suspicious because I had had my broadcast scripts approved by German
censors)
③ I was going to gamble on their inspection ending there, before they dug

deeper to my diaries.
我要把宝押在他们的检查到此为止上，而不再往下翻到我的日记。
gamble on sth. doing sth：希望成功而冒着失败的危险做……

The success of my plan would depend on their stopping the
inspection when they saw the stamped broadcast scripts and not going further
to find what was beneath the scripts. But this was a great risk to take.
④ The feared Gestapo, I knew, was really not very efficient.
我知道那些令人畏惧的盖世太保并非真的很能干。

It was true that the Gestapo were much feared. But they were not as
competent as they were thought to be.


11 Everything at Gestapo headquarters worked out as I had planned. The two
officials who handled me seized at once my General Staff maps. I apologized. I had
forgotten, I said, that I had put them in. They had been very valuable to me in reporting
the army's great victories. I realized I shouldn't take out General Staff maps.

12
of papers.
13 every page, as you can see, stamped
for approval by the High Command and two ministries.
14 Both men studied the censors' stamps. I could see they were impressed.
They put their hands in a little deeper, each man now looking into a suitcase. Soon
they would reach the diaries. I now wished I had not come. I felt myself beginning to
sweat. I had deliberately got myself into this jam. What a fool!

① I could see they were impressed.
②
①

I could see that the stamps of approval made them look at me with
some respect.

② I felt myself beginning to sweat. I had deliberately got myself into this
jam. What a fool!
我觉得我浑身开始冒汗，我这是自投罗网，真是个大傻瓜。

( I had put myself into trouble. I shouldn’t have tried this risky plan.)
When their hands almost reached my diaries, I regretted having taken this risk
and blamed myself for getting myself into this critical situationdelivering myself
into the hands of the Gestapo officials. What a foolish thing I had done, I
thought to myself.


15
16
will go down in history!

① “All the way to Paris,” I said. “A great army it was, and a great story for
me. It will go down in history!”
“一直追踪报 道到巴黎。”我说，“真是一支了不起的军队，对我来说是极
①
好的新闻素材。这支队伍的业绩 将会载入史册。”

“This great army provided me with a lot things to report. What it has
accomplished is going to be recorded in history.” The “great” German army’s
achievements would be written down in the records of human history.


17 That settled everything. They put half a dozen Gestapo seals on my suitcases.
I tried not to thank them too much. Outside, I called a taxi and drove away.
18 The last entry I would ever make in my diary from Hitler's Berlin:

① The last entry I would ever make in my diary from Hitler's Berlin...
（要是我在希特勒统治的柏林最后写了一则日记的话）我会这样写。
①

If I had written down anything in my diary on my last day in Nazi
Berlin, it would be something like this...

19 December 5. -It was still dark and a storm was blowing when I left for the
airport this morning...
20 As my taxi drove to the airport I wondered if my plane could take off in such
weather. If the flight was canceled it might mean I would have to stay for weeks.
21 At the customs there was literally a herd of officials. I opened the two bags with
my personal belongings, and after pawing through them two officials chalked a sign of
approval on them. I noticed they were from the Gestapo. They pointed to the two
suitcases full of my diaries.

22
23
24 I felt grateful that there were at least a half-dozen seals. The two officials
talked in whispers for a moment.
25
26
27 This information impressed them. But still they seemed suspicious.

28
them. Obviously he was checking. The man hung up, walked over to me, and without
a word chalked the two suitcases. I was free at last to get to the ticket counter to
check my luggage.

① I was free at last to the ticket counter to check my luggage.
我终于没事了，可以去托运行李了。
①

At last I was through with the customs, and could go to check my
luggage. After that there would be no more hazardsdanger to encounter.

29 Lufthansa man asked.
30
31 The thought of the German airline delivering my diaries to me safely in
Portugal, beyond the reach of the last German official who could seize them,
extremely pleased me.

① The thought of the German airline delivering my diaries to me safely in
Portugal, beyond the reach of the last German official who could seize them,
extremely pleased me.
由汉莎这个德国航空公司把我的日记平安地给我送到葡萄牙，再也没有
①
任何德国军官可以没收了，想到这里我感到万分得意。
The thought of：一想到……
beyond the reach of：手所够不到的地方；超越……的职权、控制、能
力等。

(I was very pleasedIt satisfied me greatly to think that it was the
German airline that would take my diaries out of Berlin safely to Portugal, where
no German official would be able to seize them.)


32 The airport tower kept postponing the departure of our plane. I went to the
restaurant and had a second breakfast. I really was not hungry. But I had to do
something to relieve the tension. I started to glance at the morning papers I had
bought automatically on arriving at the airport.

33 I don't have to read any of this trash anymore!
34 Before the end of this day, when we would arrive in Barcelona, I wouldn't have
to put up with anything anymore in the great Third Reich. The sense of relief I felt was

tremendous. I had only to hold out this one more day, and the whole nightmare for
me would be over, though it would go on and on for millions of others.

① I had only to hold out this one more day, and the whole nightmare for
me would be over, though it would go on and on for millions of others.
我只要再把这一天忍受过去，噩梦就会过去 了，可是对于千千万万的人
①
来说，噩梦还要继续下去。

I had just one more day to endure, and then for me the nightmare
would come to an end. However, for millions of other people the nightmare
would continue.


35 We had survived the Nazi horror and its mindless suppression of the human
spirit. But many others, I felt sadly, had not survived -the Jews above all, but also the
Czechs and now the Poles. Even for the great mass of Germans who supported
Hitler, I felt a sort of sorrow. They did not seem to realize what the poison of Nazism
was doing to them.

① Even for the great mass of Germans who supported Hitler, I felt a sort
of sorrow. They did not seem to realize what the poison of Nazism was doing to
them.
即使是对众多支持希特勒的德国人我也感到某种悲哀。他们似乎并没有①
认识到纳粹主义这个毒物对他们的盅惑。

Deeply poisoned by the Nazi ideology, they didn’t seem to know what
harm it was doing to their minds

Lesson Ten
The Washwoman


I. B. Singer

Learning Guide

一个年近八 旬、瘦小的老妇人，不愿增加儿子和社会的负担，一不乞讨，二不进孤老
院，顽强地靠为他人洗衣维持生 活。经她洗熨过的衣物又干净又平整；一旦收了活儿，即
使是大病一场她也要完成自己的职责，冒着大雪 严寒也要让洗熨好的衣物尽快物归原主。
这个尽职的洗衣妇体现了人类的优秀的品质，她那衰弱的身躯体 现了人类坚韧不拔的意
志，她那粗糙的双手创造出了光辉灿烂的人类文明。有谁比她更平凡？但有谁比她 更崇
高？


1 Our home had little contact with Gentiles. But there were the Gentile
washwomen who came to the house to fetch our laundry. My story is about one of
these.

① Our home had little contact with Gentiles. but there were the Gentile
washwomen who came to the house to fetch our laundry.
我们家和犹太人之外的人来往很少。
①
Gentiles：犹太人把本民族以外的人统统称为Gentiles。

My family didn’t know many Gentiles. The only Gentiles we knew were
washwomen who came to our house to collect our laundry for washing.


2 She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us,

she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak,
broken in body. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a
strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors. Mother would count out to
her a bag of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would lift the
heavy bag, load it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home. It must
have been a walk of an hour and a half.

① It must have been a walk of an hour and a half.
这段路恐怕要走一个半小时。
①
must have been：表示主观的推测，不表示肯定。




I guess it took her an hour and a half to walk home.
3 She would bring the laundry back about two weeks later. My mother had never
been so pleased with any washwoman. Every piece of laundry was as clean as
polished silver. Every piece was neatly ironed. Yet she charged no more than the
others. She was a real find. Mother always had her money ready, because it was too
far for the old woman to come a second time.

4 Washing clothes was not easy in those days. The old woman had no tap where
she lived, but had to bring in the water from a pump. For the clothes and bedclothes to
come out so clean, they had to be scrubbed thoroughly in a washtub, rinsed with
washing soda, soaked, boiled in an enormous pot, starched, then ironed. Every piece
was handled ten times or more. And the drying! It had to be hung in the attic.

5 She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the poor and
aged. But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor with which many Gentiles
have been blessed. The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so bore her
burden.
①

① She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the
poor and aged.
她本来是可以到教堂的门口去乞讨或是进入一家穷苦老人收容所。
the poor and aged：穷苦老人

She didn't beg the church for help or moved to a home for poor, old
people though she was able to do so in her financial and physical conditions.


6 The woman had a son who was rich. I no longer remember what sort of
business he had. He was ashamed of his mother, the washwoman, and never came to
see her. Nor did he ever give her any money. The old woman told this without
bitterness. One day the son was married. It seemed that he had made a good match.
The wedding took place in a church. The son had not invited the old mother to his
wedding, but she went to the church and waited at the steps to see her son lead the
...

① The old woman told this without bitterness.
①

The old woman didn't show any anger or even unhappiness when she
told my mother how her son treated her.


7 The story of the faithless son left a deep impression on my mother. She talked
about it for weeks and months. It was an insult not only to the old woman but to all
mothers. Mother would argue,pay to make sacrifices for children? The
mother uses up her last strength, and he does not even know the meaning of
loyalty.

① It was an insult not only to the old woman but to all mothers.
②③
①

Not only the old woman, but also all mothers felt offended and hurt by
the son’s faithless behaviour.
② “Does it pay to make sacrifices for children?...”
为子女作出种种牺牲有什么好处？
pay：对……有好处，有利（主语常常由it作其形式主语）

Is it worthwhile to make sacrifice for her children who may turn out to
be faithless?
③ The mother uses up her last strength, and he does not even know the
meaning of loyalty.
母亲（为儿子）使完了最后的力气，而儿子好像连什么叫忠诚都不知道。
use up：用完

The son behaves as if he doesn’t know at all that a son ought to be
grateful and devoted to his mother.


8 That winter was a harsh one. The streets were icy. No matter how much we
heated our stove, the windows were covered with frost. The newspapers reported that
people were dying of the cold. Coal became dear. The winter had become so severe
that parents stopped sending children to school.

9 On one such day the washwoman, now nearly eighty years old, came to our
house. A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past weeks. Mother gave
her a pot of tea to warm herself, as well as some bread. The old woman sat on a
kitchen chair trembling and shaking, and warmed her hands against the teapot. Her
fingers were rough from work, and perhaps from arthritis, too. Her fingernails were
strangely white. These hands spoke of stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work
not only as one's strength permits but beyond the limits of one's power.

① These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work
①

not only as one's strength permits but beyond the limits of one's power.
这双手表明了人类的顽强的精神，表现了人类要劳动的意志，不仅 是只
要还有一点力气就要劳动，而且是在超越自己力量极限时仍要劳动。
speak of：（正式）表明，显示

These hands suggested man's strong willpower, which enabled him to
do not only what he could but also more than he physically should do. These
hands showed the indomitable spirit of man and his unyielding will to work. He
has to work when he has enough physical strengnth;he still struggles to work
even if his physical power does not allow him to.


10 The bag was big, bigger than usual. When the woman placed it on her
shoulders, it covered her completely. At first she stayed, as though she were about to
fall under the load. But an inner stubbornness seemed to call out: No, you may not
fall. A donkey may permit himself to fall under his burden, but not a human being,
the best of creation.

① But an inner stubbornness seemed to call out: No, you may not fall.
可是好似一股倔劲对她喊道：不行，不许你倒下。
②
①
May：这里表示“允许”。

It looked as if deep down her indomitable will was loudly telling her not
to fall under the weight of the big bag.
② A donkey may permit himself to fall under his burden ,but not a human
being, the best of creation.
一头驴可以让自己自己被压倒，但是人不能，人是上帝创造的最优秀的
成果。

A donkey could be forgiven if it didn’t try but let itself fall under the
weight of what it was carrying. But as a human being—the highest animal form
created—you should do your utmost and refuse to fall, she said to herself.

11 She disappeared, and mother sighed and prayed for her.
12 More than two months passed. The frost had gone, and then a new frost had
come, a new wave of cold. One evening, while Mother was sitting near the oil lamp
mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a gigantic
bag, entered the room. I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bag.
She was even thinner now, more bent. Her head shook from side to side as though
she were saying no. She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her
sunken mouth and pale lips.

13 After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been
ill. Just what her illness was, I cannot remember. She had been so sick that someone
called a doctor, and the doctor had sent for a priest. Someone had informed the son,
and he had contributed money for a coffin and for the funeral. But God had not yet
wanted to take this soul full of pain to Himself. She began to feel better, she became
well, and as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she began her
washing. Not just ours, hut the wash of several other families, too.

14 easy in my bed because of the wash,
explained.
15 live to be a hundred and twenty,
as a blessing.
16 God forbid! What good would such a long life be? The work becomes harder
and harder... my strength is leaving me... I do not want to be a burden on anyone!
The old woman crossed herself, and raised her eyes toward heaven.

① “I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash,”...
②
①

How could I lie in bed without worrying about all the washing that was

waiting for me to finishdo...
② “God forbid! What good would such a long life be?...”
但愿上帝别让我活到那么大的岁数!活到那么长有什么用？
God forbid：用来表示“但愿某事不要发生”。
What good is ...？What is the good of ...？……有什么好处？

May God prevent that from happening. What would be the good of
living such a long life?


17 Fortunately there was some money in the house and
Mother counted out what she owed. Then she left, promising to
return in a few weeks for a new load.

18 But she never came back. The wash she had returned was her last effort on
this earth. She had been driven by an indomitable will to return the property to its
rightful owners, to fulfill the task she had undertaken.

19 And now at last her body, which had long been supported only by the force of
honesty and duty, had fallen. Her soul passed into those spheres where all holy
souls meet, regardless of the roles they played on this earth, in whatever tongue, of
whatever religion. I cannot imagine paradise without this Gentile washwoman. I
cannot even imagine a world where there is no reward for such effort.

① Her soul passed into those spheres where all holy souls meet,
regardless of the roles they played on this earth, in whatever tongue, of what
ever religion.
她的灵魂进入了所有心地纯洁的人们最后会集的地方，无论他们在人间
②
①
曾经担任过 什么角色，无论他们说的是什么语言，也无论他们信仰什么宗教。

She died, but her soul would continue to live in those places where all

kind, honest and pure people meet, on matter what roles they had played on
earth, what language they spoke or what religion they believed in.
② I cannot imagine paradise without this Gentile washwoman. I cannot
even imagine a world where there is no reward for such effort.
我想象天堂里肯定会有这位非犹太人洗衣妇的位置，我绝对相信如此的
努力是会得到报偿的。

I think that this Gentile washwoman deserves a place in Heavento be
in Heaven. I don't believe that her virtues—her honesty, tolerance, indomitable
will, sense of responsibility—as well as her hard work will not be rewarded.

Lesson Eleven


Andrew Carnegie
Learning Guide


人类进入新的千年之际，越来越多的青少年享受着父辈们创造的物质文明的成果，从小生活在“刻罐”里，不知道什么叫“匮乏”，不晓得何谓“贫困”，更不了解从小就要干活、帮
助 父母养家糊口的艰辛。与此同时，人类尚未消灭贫困，世界上还有穷人，在穷困生活中
挣扎的青少年还大 有人在。一个青少年时期经历一段艰苦的生活未必是件坏事。俗话说穷
则思变，穷能使人发奋图强。一位 少年时期有过一段贫困生活经历的大富翁如是说……

1 It is a great pleasure to tell how I served my apprenticeship as a businessman.
But there seems to be a question preceding this: Why did I become a businessman? I
am sure that I should never have selected a business career if I had been permitted to
choose.

2 The eldest son of parents who were themselves poor, I had, fortunately, to
begin to perform some useful work in the world while still very young in order to earn
an living and therefore came to understand even in early boyhood that my duty was to
assist my parents and become, as soon as possible, a breadwinner in the family.
What I could get to do, not what I desired, was the question.

① What I could get to do, not what I desired, was the question.
①

问题是，我能找到什么活干，而不是我想干什么活。

find.



I was not in a position to choose a job; I had to accept any job I could
3 When I was born my father was a well-to-do master weaver in Scotland. This
was the days before the steam engines. He owned no fewer than four handlooms and
employed apprentices. He wove cloth for a merchant who supplied the material.

4 When the steam engine came, handloom weaving naturally declined. The first
serious lesson of my life came to me one day when I was just about ten years old. My
father took the last of his work to the merchant, and returned home greatly distressed
because there was no more work for him to do. I resolved then that the wolf of
poverty should be driven from our door some day.

① When the steam engine came, handloom weaving naturally declined.
蒸汽机的出现，自然使得手工机织业衰退。
②
①

The emergence of steam engine naturally caused the weakening of
handloom weaving.
② I resolved then that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door
some day.
我当时下决心总有一天我们要解决温饱问题。

I made up my mind then that some day we would have enough money
to buy food and other necessities.


5 The question of starting for the United States was discussed from day to day
in the family council. It was finally resolved that we would join relatives already in
Pittsburgh. I well remember that both father and mother thought the decision was a
①

great sacrifice for them, but that

① The question of starting for the United States was discussed from day
to day in the family council.

Every day my family discussed whether we should move to the
United States.


6 On arriving, my father entered a cotton factory. I soon followed, and served as a
and that was how I began my preparation for subsequent
apprenticeship as a businessman. I cannot tell you how proud I was when I received
my first week's earnings — one dollar and twenty cents. It was given to me because I
had been of some use in the world! And I became a contributing member of my family!
②I think this makes a man out of a boy sooner than almost anything else. It is
everything to feel that you are useful.

① ...and that was how I began my preparation for subsequent
apprenticeship as a businessman.
就这样我开始了为后来实业家见习期的前期准备工作。
③
①

...working in the cotton factory as a “bobbin- boy”started me off
learning how to do business.
② I think this makes a man out of a boy sooner than almost anything
day I got my first week's earnings, I suddenly found myself grown up. I
felt I was no longer a mere boy, but quite a man. I came to believe that
hardships can help a boy mature quickly.
I think this makes a man out of a boy sooner than almost anything
else.我觉得没有别的什么事情能使一个少年更快地成长为一个男子汉。

This perhaps is the best way to enable a boy to recognize his
responsibility for his family. It will turn a boy into a mature man in a shorter

time.
③ It is everything to feel that you are useful.
感到自己是个有用的人那才叫棒。

You feel great when you are useful to your family and to
find yourself useful to the family and society gives you the greatest satisfaction
you can ever feel.


7 I have had to deal with great sums. Many millions of dollars have since
passed through my hands. But the genuine satisfaction I had from that one dollar and
twenty cents outweighs any subsequent pleasure in money making. It was the direct
reward of honest, manual labor; it represented a week of very hard work — so hard
that it might have been described as slavery if it hadn't been for its aim and end.

① Millions of dollars have since passed through my hands. But the
genuine satisfaction I had from that one dollar and twenty cents outweighs any
subsequent pleasure in money making.
从那 以后有成百万的美元经过我的手，可是以后赚的任何一笔钱给我带
②
①
来的欢欣，都远 远比不上那1美元20美分使我体验到的满足感。

The satisfaction I got from the one dollar and twenty cents was far
greater than any pleasure I felt in making money later on.
② it represented a week of very hard work-----so hard that it might have
been described as slavery if it hadn't been for its aim and end.
这1美元20美分代表一个星期十分艰苦的劳动 ，要不是因为干活的目
的是挣钱帮父母养家，那活真可以称为奴隶般的劳动。

I did the job to help support the family. If it hadn’t been for this
purpose, I wouldn't have to do the work because it was too hard for me.

8 It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve to rise every morning,
except Sunday, go to the factory while it was still dark, and not be
released until after darkness came again in the evening, forty minutes'
break only being allowed at noon.

① It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve to rise every morning, except
Sunday, go to the factory while it was still dark, and not be released until after
darkness came again in the evening, forty minutes' break only being allowed at
noon.
除星期日之外，每天天不亮就要起床去工厂，直到 晚上天黑下来才让离
①
开，中午只给40分钟的时间休息，这对一个12岁的孩子来说，担子真 是太重了。

Working in the factory was a terrible experience for a child of twelve. I
was kept there from early in the morning to late in the evening, with a lunch
break of only forty minutes. (In American history, child labour was
unscrupulously exploited by the industrial capitalists in the early 1900's.


9 But I was young and had my dreams, and something within always told me that
this would not, could not, should not last - I should some day get into a better position.
Also, I felt myself no longer a mere boy, but quite a little man, and this made me
happy.

10 A change soon came, for a kind old Scotsman, who made bobbins, took me
into his factory before I was thirteen. But here for a time it was even worse than in the
cotton factory, because I was set to fire the boiler in the cellar and run the small steam
engine which drove the machinery. The responsibility of keeping the water right and
of running the engine, and the danger of my making a mistake and blowing the whole
factory to pieces, caused too great a strain, and I often awoke and found myself sitting
up in bed through the night, trying the steam- gauges. But I never told them at home
①

about this. No, no! Everything must be bright to them.

① The responsibility of keeping the water right and of running the engine,
and the danger of my making a mistake and blowing the whole factory to
pieces, caused too great a strain, and I often awoke and found myself sitting up
in bed through the night, trying the steam-gauges.
我要使锅炉内的水位保持正常，还要看管发动机，责任重大；我要是出
②
点差错，整个工厂就有 爆飞的危险；这两件事给我的压力太大了。我经常夜间从
睡梦中醒来，发现自己坐在床上做调试蒸汽压力 表的动作。

I was told to look after the steam engine, that is, to make sure that
there was the right amount of water in the boiler and that the engine was
running normally to drive the machines. If I made a mistake , the boiler might
explode and the force of the explosion would destroy the factory. The
responsibility was too great. I couldn’t sleep properly at night and would often
sit up in my sleep trying the steam-gauges.
② No, no! Everything must be bright to them.
不，不！只能让他们知道好的一面。

I never told my family about the strain I had. I only wanted them to
know that everything was all right.


11 This was a point of honor, for every member of the family was working hard,
and we were telling each other only the bright things. Besides, no man would
complain and give up — he would die first.
12 There was no servant in our family, and my mother earned several dollars per
week by binding shoes after her daily work was done! Father was also hard at work in
the factory. And could I complain?

① Besides, no man would complain and give up—he would die first.
②
①

up.

Every member of the family would rather die than complain and give
② And could I complain?
我怎能抱怨呢？

With both my parents toiled to keep the family alive, I surely shouldn't
tell them about the hardship I had to suffer at work.


13 My kind employer soon relieved me of the strain, for he needed someone to
make out bills and keep his accounts, and finding that I could write a plain schoolboy
hand and could add up, he made me his only clerk. But still I had to work hard upstairs
in the workshop for the clerking took but little time.
14 You know how people grumble about poverty as a great evil, and it seems to
be accepted that if people had only plenty of money and were rich, they would be
happy and more useful, and get more out of life.

① My kind employer soon relieved me of the strain, for he needed
someone to make out bills and keep his accounts, and finding that I could write
a plain schoolboy hand and could add up, he made me his only clerk.
我 那好心的老板很快就解除了我的压力，他需要有个人开帐单、记账，
②
①
他看我还能写 出小学生水平的字，还会做加法，就叫我当了他惟一的职员。

Soon my boss found that I could write well enough to make out bills
and keep his accounts . As he needed someone to do this, he kindly made me
the only clerk in the factory. This freed me from the terrible strain of running the
steam engine.
② You know how people grumble about poverty as a great evil, and it
seems to be accepted that if people had only plenty of money and were rich,
they would be happy and more useful, and get more out of life.
大家都知道人们总是把贫困说成是一大罪恶，好像觉得谁要是有许多