custom是什么意思-长英语
Unit 1 Personal Relationships
The Gift
of Life
[1] The bombs landed in the small
village. Nobody knows what these bombs were
supposed to hit during the terrible Vietnam
War, but they landed in a small orphanage
run
by a missionary group.
[2] The missionaries
and one or two children were killed, and several
children were
wounded, including one young
girl, about 8 years old, who suffered wounds to
her legs.
[3] A couple of hours later,
medical help arrived. The medical help was a young
American Navy doctor and an equally young Navy
nurse. They quickly found one young
girl to be
very badly injured, and it was clear that without
immediate action, she would
die from loss of
blood and shock.
[4] They saw that she had to
have blood, but their limited supplies did not
include
plasma, so a matching blood type was
required. A quick blood typing showed that neither
American had the correct blood type. Several
of the uninjured orphans did.
[5] The doctor
spoke a little Vietnamese, and the nurse spoke a
little high-school
French. The children spoke
no English but some French. Using what little
common
language they could find, together with
a lot of sign language, they tried to explain to
these frightened children that unless they
could give some blood to their little friend she
would certainly die. Then they asked if anyone
would be willing to give blood to help.
[6]
Their request was met with wide-eyed silence.
Their little patient's life hung in
the
balance. Yet they could only get the blood if one
of these frightened children would
agree to
give it. After several long moments, a little hand
slowly went up, dropped back
down, and a
moment later went up again.
[7]
[8]
[9] Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm
cleaned with alcohol, and the needle
inserted
into his arm. Through all of this Heng lay stiff
and silent.
[10] After a moment, he let out a
long sob, quickly covering his face with his free
hand.
[11]
[12] Heng shook his head
silently, but after a few moments another sob
escaped, and
again he tried to cover up his
crying. Again the doctor asked him if the needle
in his arm
was hurting, and again Heng shook
his head.
[13] But now his occasional sob
turned to a steady, silent crying, his eyes held
tightly
shut, his fist in his mouth trying to
stop his sobs.
[14] The medical team
now was very worried because the needle should not
have
been hurting their tiny patient.
Something was obviously very wrong. At this point,
a
Vietnamese nurse arrived to help, and seeing
the little one's tears, spoke rapidly in
Vietnamese, listened to his reply, and quickly
answered him again. Moving over to pat his
head as she talked, her voice was gentle and
kind.
[15] After a moment, the little boy
stopped crying, opened his eyes, and looked
questioningly at the Vietnamese nurse. When
she nodded, a look of great relief spread
over
his face.
[16] Looking up, the Vietnamese
nurse said quietly to the Americans,
was
dying. He misunderstood you. He thought you had
asked him to give all his blood so
the little
girl could live.
[17]
[18] The
Vietnamese nurse repeated the question to the
little boy, who answered
simply,
[19]
Greater love has no man than this, that he lay
down his life for a friend.
以生命相赠
1
炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么
目标，而他们
却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。
2
传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8 岁左
右，她的双腿被
炸伤。
3
几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻
的海军护士组
成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会
因失血过多和休克而死亡。
4
他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相
配血型的血。快
速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却
有相配的血型。 5
这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。
孩子们不会说英语，只会
说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量
的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解
释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则
她将必死无疑。接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小
女孩。
6
对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。
然而，只有这
些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只
小手慢慢地举了起来，然后
垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。
7 “噢，谢谢， ”护士用法语说。
“你叫什么名字？”
8 “兴， ”小男孩回答道。
9
兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵
直地躺着，没有
出声。
10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。
11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。
12
兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。
医生又问是不是
插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。
13
但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴想
竭力忍住哭泣。
14
现在医疗小组非常担忧，因为针不该使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。显然出了问题。
恰好这时，
一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地和他说话。听了
小男孩的回答后，又立即
回答他。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音
亲切柔和。
15
一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，
小男孩的脸
上马上露出了宽慰的神色。
16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说：
“他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们，以
为你们要他献出所 有的血，小女孩才能活下来。 ”
17 “那他为什么会愿意这么做呢？”海军护士问。
18
越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道： “她是我的朋
友。 ”
19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。
Love Thy Neighbor
by Andy Rooney
[1]
It seems to me that neighbors are going out of
style in America. The friend next
door from
whom you borrowed four eggs or a ladder has moved,
and the people in there
now are strangers.
[2] Some of the old ideas about neighbors are
probably silly, and it may be just as
wellthat
our relations with our neighbors are changing. The
religious teaching to
Thy Neighborwas probably
a poor translation of what must have originally
been
[3] Fewer than half the people in
the United States live in the same house they
lived
in five years ago, so there's no reason
to love the people who live next door to you just
because they happened to buy a house next door
to yours. The only thing neighbors have
in
common to begin with is being close, and unless
something more develops, thatisn’t
reason enoughto be best friends. It
sometimes happens, but the chancesare very small
that your neighbors will be your choice as
friends. Or that you will be theirs, either.
[4] The best relationship with neighbors is one of
friendly distance. You say hello,
you
sometimes talk if you see them in the yard, you
discuss problems and you help each
other when
help is needed. The bushes or the fence between
you is not a cold shoulder,
but a clear
boundary. We all like clearly defined boundaries
for ourselves.
[5] If neighbors have
changed, neighborhoods have not. They still have
the same
parts. If you live in a real
neighborhood you can be sure most of the following
people will
be found there:
－One family
with more children than they can take care of.
－A dogthat gets into garbage cans.
－One
big, beautiful home with a family so rich that
they really aren't part of the
neighborhood.
－A bad child who steals or sets fire to
things, although no one has ever been able to
prove it.
－People who leave their
Christmas lights up until March.
－Someone who
doesn't cut their grass more than twice a summer.
－Someone who cuts their grass twice a week and
one of the times always seems to
be Sunday
morning at 7:30.
－A family that never seems
to turn off any lights in the house.
－A
teenager who plays the radio too loud in the
summer with the windows open.
－Someone who
leaves their barking dog out until 11:30 most
nights.
－One mystery couple. They come and go
but hardly anyone ever sees them and no
one
knows what they do.
－A couple that has loud
parties all the time with guests that take an hour
to leave
once they get outside and start
shouting good-bye to each other.
－Someone who
doesn't pull the shades.
[6] It is easier to
have a longing about a past neighborhood than
about a past
community, but a community is
probably a better unit. A neighborhood is just a
group of
people who live close together, but a
community is a group of people who put aside their
own concerns to get some important things done
for a larger group.
热爱你的邻居
1 在我看来，邻居
在美国似乎要过时了。那个借给你4个鸡蛋或一架梯子的邻居朋友搬
走了，现在住在那儿的是陌生人。
2 有些关于邻居的老观念也许是荒谬的。我们与邻居之间的关系正在发生变化，
这也
许是该庆幸的事。 宗教上教导我们要“热爱你的邻居” ，其原文很可能为“尊敬你的邻居”
，
但没有把它翻译好。爱不会因 为我们希望有爱而存在。
3
在美国，目前还住在五年前就住着的房子里的人，不到半数，因而没有什么理由仅仅
因为是买了你
隔壁的房子住在那儿，你就要去热爱他们。一开始邻居间唯一的共同点是住
得近，这并不足以使你们成
为最要好的朋友，除非后来有新的进展。选邻居做朋友的可能
性很小，尽管这种情况也有。换言之，你
的邻居挑选你做朋友的可能性也很小。
4
与邻居的最佳关系是保持友好的距离。你们互相打招呼；在院子里见到时有时会聊
一聊，讨论讨论
问题，需要帮助时互相帮助。你们（两家）之间的一簇簇灌木丛或者篱笆
并不是冷漠无情的隔阂，而是
一道界限分明的边界。我们都喜欢有自己明确的分界线。
5
如果邻居换了人，整个邻里不会变。邻里该有什么还会有。如果你的周围确实有街坊，
可以肯定，
下面的大多数人，都能在你的街坊邻里中找到：
—— 一个子女很多却照料不过来的家庭；
—— 一只常常钻垃圾桶的狗；
——
一座豪宅，里面的主人太富有了，以至于与邻里格格不入；
——
一个坏小孩，他偷窃、放火烧东西，虽然从来没人能够证实；
——
一直到三月还保留着圣诞灯饰的人；
—— 整个夏天修草坪不超过两次的人；
——
每个星期都修两次草坪的人，其中有一次似乎总是在星期天早上７点半；
——
一户人家，好像从不关灯；
—— 一个少年，他夏天时老是开着窗户把收音机放得震耳欲聋；
—— 多数的晚上，把“汪汪”叫的狗放在户外直到 11 点半的人；
＿＿
一对神秘的夫妇，他们来去无踪，无人知晓他们在干什么；
——
一对夫妇，与朋友开晚会总是会很吵闹，到了室外光告别就要花一个小时，而后
扯着嗓门开始
互相喊再见；
—— 不拉遮阳窗帘的人。
6 与以前的社区相比，人们更向往以前的邻
里。也许社区是一个更好的单位。街坊邻
里只是一群住得近的人，而一个社区里却是一群放下个人牵挂、
为更多人做一些重要事情的
人。
We All Need
Friends
by Melinda Marshall
[1] Having
good old friends is a good thing, but making new
ones can be even better.
No matter what age we
are, all of us appreciate the support and help
which friends give us.
The help may be
for only a small thing, or it may be for something
that could save our life.
The size of the help
or support is not really the most important thing,
but the fact of
having friends is very
important.
[2] I've just made a new friend,
Joan. She's not just another person I can talk
with or
wave to as we pass one another on the
street, but a good friend. She is someone who will
go out with me for lunch, or drop by my home
for a cup of tea. She is someone who will
listen and make me feel understood the next
time I may feel sad or worried for no
apparent
reason.
[3] This is no small matter for me. I
barely have enough time or energy to keep up
with my old friends, let alonemake new ones.
But, as I grow older -- and I am now 35
years
old -- it is important to me to have a safety net
of friends. Holes keep opening up in
the net
as old friends move away. I've got to spend the
energy now to include new friends.
[4] Making
friends is a lot like dating after a terrible
breakup. You hesitate and drag
your feet
because you can't believe you have to start over
again. But when you do, it's not
half as hard
as you thought it would be, and it's twice as
rewarding as you might have
hoped.
[5]
For example, I almost didn't meet Joan who is now
one of my best friends. We
were at the city
swimming pool, waiting for our 5-year-old sons to
finish their swimming
lessons. Joan was
reading a book that I had read for my book club,
and I wanted to say
something, but didn't. It
was almost as if I'd lost the ability to say
hello.
[6] In the locker room we were
together again as our sons got dressed and ready
to
go home. I said, mostly to her back, do you
think of Amy Tan's writing?She
turned around,
and like a teenager, I blushed. she said, really
enjoying The
Bonesetter's Daughter. I read Joy
Luck Club, and she's been my favoritewriter since
then.
[7] We talked after the next two
lessons, compared our reading lists, and chased
our
sons out of the dressing room again. By
the fifth swimming lesson, we arranged to spend
a day together shopping in the city. That's
pretty wild, don't you think for a person of my
age?
[8] I didn't always choose my
friends. For years, I let fate choose them for me.
A new
job, a new city, an expensive apartment
made me be friends with people I'd never have
said hello to otherwise. But, as I grew older
I grew impatient with some of my friends,
and
I decided that accidental relationships don't
always survive changes in life. Those
types of
friends don't often help you during life's
difficult times when you really need
help.
[9] We can be ourselves with our
friends, and that is a wonderful thing; too
precious
a gift to deny other friends. It
really doesn't take that much time, or that much
effort to
share the gift of making friends.
我们都需要朋友
1
有要好的老朋友是件好事，但结交新朋友则会更好。不论我们年龄有多大，我们都感
激朋友给予我
们的支持与帮助。这种帮助可能是为一件小事，也可能是为了挽救我们的生
命。帮助或支持的多少并不
是最重要的，真正重要的是拥有好朋友。
2
我刚交了一位新朋友——琼。结识她并不仅仅是又多了一位在街上碰到时打个招呼讲
讲话的人，她
是一位可靠的朋友。她会跟我一起吃午饭，会顺便到我家来喝杯茶。我有时
会无缘无故感到悲伤或忧愁，
这时她会听我说，是我感到有人理解我，她就是这样的人。
3
这对我来说可不是一件小事。仅与老友们保持联系，已经使我在时间和精力上勉为其
难了，更不用
说结交新朋友了。 但是随着年龄的增长——现在我已经有 35
岁了——拥有
一张安全的朋友关系网变得重
要了。随着老朋友的离开，这张网出现了一个个缺口。我现
在需要花一些精力去结识新朋友。
4
结交朋友很像经历了可怕的分手后再去约会。你犹豫踌躇，裹足不前，因为你很难
相信你又得从头
来过。但当你真正做的时候，它的难度还不到你预料的一半，而得到的回
报却是你原本期望的两倍。
5
例如，我以前没见过琼，而她现在却是我最好的朋友之一。第一次相遇时我们都在市
游泳池等自己
五岁的儿子下游泳课。琼当时正在读一本书，那本书我早已为我的读书俱乐
部度过。我想跟她说些什么，
但却说不出来。我似乎已失去了说声“你好”的能力。
6
在更衣室里，我们又碰到了，当时我们的儿子都穿好了衣服正准备回家。我几乎是
对着他的背说：
“你觉得艾米·谭的书怎么样？”她转过身来，我却像个十几岁的孩子一样脸
红了。 “噢， ”她说，
“我正 在看《正骨师的女儿》
，真的很喜欢这本书。自从我读过《喜
福会》后，埃米一直是我最喜欢的作家。 ”
7
接下来的两次游泳课后，我们又互相交谈，比较我们的阅读书目，然后跟着我们的儿
子跑出更衣室。
到了第五次游泳课时，我们约好了花一天时间去城里购物。对于像我这个
年纪的人来说，你不觉得那是
很不寻常的吗？
8
我过去基本上不挑选朋友。多年来，我让命运替我决定朋友。一份新工作，一所新
城市，一幢昂贵
的公寓，让我与原本连说声“你好”都不可能的人成了朋友。然而随着年岁
的增长，我对有些朋友已变
得不耐烦了，觉得这种因机遇建立的朋友关系有时会经不起生
活变化的考验。这种类型的朋友，在你有
困难真正需要帮助时并不一定会帮助你。
9
我们和朋友在一起是能够自然不做作，那是一件很了不起的事，是一份很珍贵的礼
物，不能不送给
其他朋友共同分享。结交朋友，享受友谊，其实并不需要花费那么多的时
间，或那么多的努力。