做最好的党员读后感-敕令
第1课Text A
Text A Critical Reading
Critical reading applies to non-fiction
writing in which the author puts
forth a
position or seeks to make a statement. Critical
reading is active
reading. It involves more
than just understanding what an author is saying.
Critical reading involves questioning and
evaluating what the author is
saying, and
forming your own opinions about what the author is
saying.
Here are the things you should do to
be a critical reader.
批判性地阅读
批判性阅读适合于
那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法
的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作
者说了
些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为
一名批判性阅读者需
要做到以下几点。
Consider the context of what is
written. You may be reading something
that was
written by an author from a different cultural
context than
(=from) yours. Or, you may be
reading something written some time ago
in a
different time context than yours. In either case,
you must recognize
and take into account any
differences between your values and attitudes
and those represented by the author.
考虑写
作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，
或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写
的。无论哪种情况，你
都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度
有何不同。
Question assertions made by the
author. Don't accept what is written at
face
value(完全地, 以面值表象). Before accepting what is
written, be
certain that the author provides
sufficient support for any assertions made.
Look for facts, examples, and statistics that
provide support. Also, look to
see if
(=whether) the author has integrated the work of
authorities.
质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持
该论点的事实、实例、和数据。
另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。
Compare what is written with
other written work on the subject. Look to
see
that what is written is consistent with what
others have written about
the subject. If
there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the
support the
author provides for the
inconsistencies.
与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同
一
主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后
的论据支持要进行仔细甄
别。
Analyze assumptions made by the author.
Assumptions are whatever the
author must
believe is true in order to make assertions. In
many cases, the
author's assumptions are not
directly stated. This means you must read
carefully in order to identify any
assumptions. Once you identify an
assumption,
you must decide whether or not the assumption is
valid.
分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于
这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，
这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读
来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，
你必须判断这一假设是否合理。
Evaluate
the sources the author uses. In doing this, be
certain that the
sources are credible. For
example, Einstein is a credible source if the
author is writing about landmark achievements
in physics. Also be certain
that the sources
are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source
when the
subject is poetry. Finally, if the
author is writing about a subject in its
current state, be sure that the sources are
current. For example, studies
done by Einstein
in the early 20th century may not be appropriate
if the
writer is discussing the current state
of knowledge in physics.
鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实
可信。例如，如果文
章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出
处。此
外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因
斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作
者写的是某个主题当前的
情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的
是
物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能
就不适合作出处了。
Identify any possible author bias. A written
discussion of American
politics will likely
look considerably different depending on whether
the
writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What
is written may very well
reflect a biased
position. You need to take this possible bias into
account
when reading what the author
has written. That is, take what is written
with （有保留地）.
甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是
共
和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见
的立场。阅读时要考虑到
这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文
章内容“半信半疑”。
By being
a critical reader, you will become better informed
and may
change your views as appropriate.
成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。
第1课Text B
The Language of Confidence
The language we
use programs our brains. Mastering our language
gives
us a great degree of mastery over our
lives and our destinies. It is
important to
use the language in the best way possible in order
to
dramatically improve our quality of life.
自信的语言
语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的
生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这
一点至关重要。
Even
the smallest of words can have the deepest effect
on our
subconscious mind, which is like a
child, and it doesn't really understand
the difference between what really
happens and what you imagine. It is
eager to
please and willing to carry out any commands that
you give it --
whether you do this knowingly
or not is entirely up to you.
再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识
产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识
就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决
于你。
It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact
upon us. If someone
says,
their whole
heart into(全身心投入于) it, and may not even do it at
all.
How often do you use the word try when
talking about the things that
matter to you?
Do you say
that
“尽力”
这是一个简单的词，却能对我们
产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我
会尽力做这件事的”，你知道他其实并不打算全心全意做这件事，甚
至可能根本不会去做。你有多少次在谈论对于你非常重要的事时使用
了“尽力”这个词?你是否
说过“我会尽力做到更加自信”、“我会尽力去
做这件事”或者“我会尽力去呼喊”?
Think about something that you would like to
achieve, and say it to
yourself in two
different ways. Firstly say,
you feel.
Next say,
想一件你想完成的事情，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先
说
“我会尽力去做……”，然后注意你会有什么感受。再对自己说“我
要做……”，然后看你又会有什么感
受。
The latter makes you feel better than the
first one, doesn't it? It gives you
a sense of
determination, a feeling that it will be done.
Listen to the
people around you and when they
say they will try, notice if it gets done
or
not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary
and see how your life
improves.
后一种方式给你的
感受要比前一种好，不是吗?它给你一种坚定
感，一种事情一定会完成的感觉。听听你身边的人怎么说，
如果他们
说他们会尽力，看看事情最后是不是完成了。从你的词典里删除“尽
力”这个词，看看
你的生活会如何改善。
This is another small word
with a big impact. It disempowers us,
makes us
feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-
esteem. It limits
our infinite abilities and
stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal
dictionary and replace it with something that
makes you feel great.
“不能”
这又是一个简单却影
响巨大的词。它让我们失去力量，让我们感
到脆弱与无助，让我们的自尊心受到伤害。它限制了我们无限
的才能，
扼杀了我们的创造力。把这个词从你内心的词典里擦去吧，换一个让
你
感到伟大的词。
Instead of (=Rather than) saying you
can't, why not say something like
choose…or
choose not to…Using words like this allows you to
take back your power and to be in control of
your life.
不要说你“不能”，为什么不换一个别的说法，比如“我选择……”
或者“我选择不……”。使用这些词能让你恢复力量，掌控自己的生活。
Words may
appear small and insignificant, yet they can have
a deep and
lasting effect on us. Mastering
your language gives you the power to live
whatever life you desire.
一些词语或许看似简单、微不足
道，却能对我们产生深刻而持久
的影响。掌握你的语言能让你获得力量去实现你渴望的生活。
What words do you use a lot that disempower
you? Make a list of words
you commonly use and
then write next to them some alternatives you can
use. Make these alternatives words that make
you feel fabulous(极好的),
not only about
yourself, but about life and what you are doing!
你使用过哪些让你失去力量的词? 列出你常用的这类词，然后在旁边
写出它们的替代词。让这
些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使
你对生活、对正在做的事情感觉无限美好吧!
课后习题参考答案
Text A
I . 1. B 2. A 3．D
4．A 5．C
II . Section A
l.
Consistent 2. Statement 3. Reflect 4. Invalid 5.
Considerably 6
comparison
Section B
1
. Credible 2. Identify 3. Assumptions 4.
Represents 5 evaluated 6.
Appropriate
Section C
1. to
Ⅲ.1. define
4. good s ul
7. internally ds to
10. personal
Ⅳ．Section A
1. take interests
of different social groups into account
2.
Compare the recent work with the previous work
3. was not consistent with his statement to
the police
4. was not relevant to the matter
being dealt with
5. Please inform us of any
change in your case .-.
Section B
想成为灵活
的读者，就要知道如何选择和使用阅读风格，这种阅
读风格与你的阅读目的是一致的。知道在不同时间以
不同方式使用不
同的阅读风格，这样就可以成为灵活的读者。研究阅读就是灵活读者
采用的阅读
风格，他们希望借此充分理解难度较大的文章。采用阅读
风格，你就要放慢阅读速度，而且在阅读时还要
挑战自我，力求理解
文章的内涵。这种方法常常需要反复阅读，充分理解。有时候大声朗
读也会增进对文章的理解。
V.5 2 1 6 3 4
Ⅵ
.有些人认为阅读就是为了寻找信息，通过记忆文章中的表达来获
取知识。既然只有专家学者才应该具备
批判性阅读的能力，或者说只
有在学术机构才需要培养批判性阅读能力，那么我们普通人就没有必
要培养这种能力了。对于这种观点你是否同意？请给出理由，并举例
证明。
Text B
I . Section A
1.Y 2.N 3.Y 4. N 5.Y
Section B
1. Mastering our language 2.
our quality of life 3 . Determination 4.
power
5. live whatever life we desire 6.
some alternatives
II . Section A
1 .
confidence 2 . Creative 3. Eliminate 4 .
dramatically 5 .
Significant 6. limit
Section B
1 . matter 2 . commonly 3.
Pleased 4. infinite 5 . Commands 6.
quality
Section C
l. out 2. up 3. on
4. to 5. in 6. over
III . Section A
1. have a noticeable impact on the country's
future
2. but it really matters to me
3.
but the police were in control of it soon
4. I
have no alternative but to let you go
5. It's
up to the manager to make the final decision
Section B
英语在工作场合是非常重要的，运用正确得体，可以极大地提升
事业或者业务的水平。也许有些人在进入职业生涯之前想学习英语，
而那些在职人员则可以在工
作中发现自己运用英语的优势和劣势？
在商务方面，知道如何进行谈判是非常有价值的技巧。
你需要知
道自己想要什么，如何讨价还价，如何做出让步。能够处理好冲突，
知道如何结束谈判
，这样结果会截然不同的。
职场英语学习能够使专业人士之间的交流更加有效，从而为顾客、商
务伙伴或者供应商提供优质的服务，这对于任何一家公司来说都是积
极有效的。
Ⅳ．Section A
1. When dipping in mustard,
Sam said the sausage was excellent.
2. A
Frenchman murdered two wives whose cooking he
didn't like
3. Annie's dress was old, faded
and wrinkled.
4. The need for jobs will make
us develop our industries, which causes
environmental problems.
5. My new
running shoes which cost more than a hundred
dollars fell
apart during the marathon.
Section B
l. Mr. Randolph was born in
Florida.
2. The march featured the Reverend
Martin Luther King's unforgettable
Have a
Dream