中国概况题材英文翻译练习

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中国概况
中国这片古老神秘而又美丽的土地吸引着很多喜欢冒险的（adventurous ）外国人。作为面
积960万平方公里的世界第三大国，中国多样的地势（terrain）和气候塑造 了中国无数迷人
的自然景观（attractions）。中国有丰富的资源、植物、动物和矿产，这片 土地孕育（nurture）
了一代代勤奋的中国人民。中国有其令人骄傲的众多人口、悠久的历史、灿 烂的(resplendent)
文化和特有的风俗。除“四大发明”外，中国也有独一无二的艺术和手 工艺品，包含绘画、书
法、曲艺、刺绣（embroidery）和丝绸。（192）
China, an ancient, mysterious and beautiful land, is always appealing to many adventurous
foreign visitors. As the third largest country in the world occupying an area of 9,600,000 km2,
its various terrain and climate shape numerous natural attractions. China is abundant in a
variety of resources, plants, animals and minerals. China has nurtured countless generations
of diligent Chinese people. China is proud of her large population, long history, resplendent
culture and distinctive customs. In addition to its “Four Great Inventions”, Chinese arts and
crafts, including painting, calligraphy, operas, embroidery and silk, are unique.

饮食类
饺子（Dumplings）面条（Noodles）是受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食 品。相传是我国医圣
张仲景（Medical sage Zhang Zhongjing）首先发明 的。有华人居住的地方及汉文化影响大
的地区，都有有食用饺子。饺子深受世界各国人的喜爱。它是北方 的年节食品，在中国北方
很多地方都有冬至（Winter Solstice）吃饺子的习惯。中国南方地区也普遍有饺子这一食品。
Dumplings Noodles are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. It is said that
Dumplings were first made by the medical saint, Zhang Zhongjing. In place influenced by
Chinese culture or where Chinese people live, there are people who eat Dumplings.
Therefore, Dumplings are favored by people all over the world. Dumplings are the food for
the New Year. In many places of northern China, people preserve the customs of eating
Dumplings in Winter Solstice. In southern China, Dumplings are common food.

武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀 文化遗产，
不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术
运动已被 列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。武术的蓬勃
发展，除得益于其项目本 身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。老一
代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使 武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新
的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各 地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。
Wushu or Chinese martial art can be traced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese
traditional culture. As we all know, the fine culture of a nation doesn’t belong to the nation
alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity. The Chinese
Wushu
Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have been working very hard to
popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement. Wushu
was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration
event. The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but
also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years. Martial artists of the older
generation shave sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Wushu, which can be used as
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self-defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soon became popular on new lands.
Today superb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the increase
with each passing day.

一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大 约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动
物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神 物。 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过
程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的 寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Chinese Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The
ancients in China considered the dragon (or Long) a fetish that combines animals including
the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial
phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion
process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮
多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听
到锣 鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某
些城市的老年人自 发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在
其中。
Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China. It is usually performed in
northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the
performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lanterns
Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is ,
they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of
east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their
health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国 却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去
看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说： “不到长城非好汉。”
实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城 。然而，
今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you
come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the
Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say,
not reach the Great Wall is not a true fact, it began as independent walls for
different states when it was first built, and did not become the Wallthe Qin
Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to
Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

四、饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。 相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包
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括： 1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、3） 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状< br>独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃
的习 俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎
新必不可少的内 容。
Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an
ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing.
There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of
dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With
thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes,
dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing
could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or
when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of
eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having
dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding
farewell to the old and ushering in the New Year.


五、针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医 的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、
调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。 其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法
是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位 ，以达到刺激经络。
治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、 中药一
起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。
Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance
with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to
dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang
balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional
Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main
therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s
body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the
channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down
generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture,
along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional
Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national
treasures.”

六、中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运 动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着
丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时 兼容了道家、释家的思
想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着 先哲们对
生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
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Chinese Kung Fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in
abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defense in
combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese
Kung Fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and
“cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes
thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese Kung Fu has a long history, with multi- various
sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and
internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the
universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations
mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form
and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of Kung Fu
weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes,
tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.

七、汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终 成为一种兼具音、形、意
韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初 形。此后，
汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方”， 源于
古人“天圆地方”的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。
Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people
remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character
system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing
system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones
and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.
Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze
inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters
are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an
orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---”
(the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left- falling stroke), “＼” (the
right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).

八、中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷
子古时称为箸 ，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。
中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物 ，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手
抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵”的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。
Chinese Chopsticks, the Chinese way of eating with chopsticks, is unique in the world.
The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks
were named Zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess
multi- various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping,
poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary
people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people
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as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a
baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies
the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a
hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.

九、印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同
的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍
使用。印章 的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印
章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private
seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, Zhu note, contract, Fu, lease and
others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc.
According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period
(475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official
script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically
shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only
used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It
is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.

十、天干地支是中国历法中用以记 录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、
已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅 、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。
古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数， 而两个朔望月约是60天。古人
以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回 。干支纪年法从古
沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。
Chinese Era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming
years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve
Earthly Branches are: , yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing
the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12
times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten
Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn.
In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era
chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. According to the
chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten
Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.

十一、京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道 的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，
特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并 成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性
表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武） 、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式
化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性 ）、净（男性）、丑
（男性女性皆有）四大行当。
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Chinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national
quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially
Huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took
shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing
arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatic fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and
narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing
Opera are Sheng(male), Dan (young female), Jing (painted face, male), and Chou( clown,
male or female).

十二、道教是中国土生土长 长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教
以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主 张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道
可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名 万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常
有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。
Chinese Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher
and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching
whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic.
Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all
desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and
the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The
way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not
unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but
the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids
himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire
can see only the outcomes.
十三、中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语” 中的“成”既是
约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个 汉
字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗
歌 、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。
Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions.
Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a
language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word.
Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi (make unremitting
efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes
with time and effort). Idioms are extracted from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature,
poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language
that are concise and have great vitality.

十四、中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是 中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期
丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中 原与波斯湾、地中海紧
密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精 美的花色
和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。
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China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are
all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties
(1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk- weaving techniques had reached an extremely
high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding
diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the
Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino- foreign trade, exchange and communication.
From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design
and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a
symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.

十五、中国园林是把人造的山水、植物 、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我
国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自 天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分
领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系 中，中国园林历史悠久、
内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture.
It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers,
plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese
classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you
go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic
concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and
rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is
hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant
connotations.
十六、笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为 “文房四宝”。用笔墨书写
绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人 工制墨替代了
天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房四宝”到
宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were
requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred
to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by
the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC--- 206BC),
people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes.
During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink.
After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk,
which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first
developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty
(960AD ---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the
writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in
Huizhou, Anhui province; Xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui
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province; and Duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing
was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have written the
whole Chinese civilization, as it is.

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