占地面积英文-丰富的反义词是什么
题型突破(十一) 文章结构之篇章结构题
A
(2017·盐城三模)
One of the most popular English-language
novels of the 20th century is almost unknown in
the
English-speaking world—a global phenomenon
in translation，now neglected in its original
Gadfly，by Irish writer Ethel Voynich，was sold over
5 million copies in 107 editions in
the 22
languages spoken in the Soviet book inspired
seven musical adaptations，five
theatre
adaptations，and five film adaptations.
Voynich’s novel is a thrilling account of
revolutionary enthusiasm，religious
devotion，
clerical betrayal and romantic
love—the philosopher Bertrand Russell called it
“one of the most
exciting novels I have
read”．It was published in New York in 1897，two
years after its
completion，as its English
publisher feared a negative reaction—one reviewer
criticized the
book’s “shocking and horrible
character”．A translation appeared the following
year in Russia，
where the tsarist(沙皇)
authorities’ disapproval only enhanced its
popularity.
The Gadfly is set in Italy during
the revolutionary unrest of the 1830s and hero is
a
young Englishman，Arthur Burton，who moves to
a Catholic seminary(神学院) after the death of
his he becomes devoted to his guardian and
mentor Montanelli，who，unknown to
him，is also
his biological the company of his childhood
sweetheart Gemma，Arthur
becomes involved in
the Young Italy movement fighting Austrian
imperial he
unconsciously betrays his
comrades，after his private confession(忏悔) is
relayed to the
then discovers his family
secret，and loses all faith in the church.
Arthur pretends his suicide and escapes to
South America，where he endures years of
returns to Italy in the guise of “The Gadfly”，a
fearless and respected revolutionary
whose
true identity is his capture，he is visited by
Montanelli，now a cardinal(红衣
主教)，who offers him
a Arthur，unforgiving and uncompromising，demands
that his
father reject the elli refuses and
condemns his son to ，now a Christ-like
figure，commands his own death the Corpus
Christi mass，Montanelli dies of a broken
heart.
① .The novel gained
popularity initially in it was in the newly-
created
Communist states of the Soviet Union
and China that the book found its most dedicated
，a Romantic tragic hero，was repeatedly voted
Russia’s most popular literary
figure，and
astronauts Yuri Gagarin and Valentina
Tereshkova，the first man and woman in
space，
credited its influence.
② .In the
1930s，The Gadfly inspired another i Ostrovsky’s
How the
Steel Was Tempered sold 35 million
copies in the Soviet sky’s socialist realist novel
features a fearless young communist who
suffers dreadfully for his sacrifices，but finds
permanent
strength in the example of The
Gadfly，which he reads to his fellow h’s novel
was reinforced further by a 1955 film
adaptation directed by Aleksandr sold 39
million tickets.
③ .Ethel Voynich had
been living unknown to the due to Soviet
copyright
laws，she was unaware of her
legendary status in 1956，Democratic presidential
candidate
Adlai Stevenson visited Moscow to
arrange for payment of her long-overdue
royalties(版权
费)．When Ethel died in 1960，she was
mourned in Russia as a national hero.
④
.Arthur offers a “careful balance of emotion with
steely determination”—he is a
lover and a
fighter，which can be seen in the “Knight-
errant”(侠客) of traditional Chinese
folklore.
In the UK，The Gadfly remains out of print and
almost unknown，yet around the world readers
and writers still revere its author，just as DH
Lawrence，Rebecca West and Friedrich Engels once
its rich religious imagery and stirring
revolutionary themes，The Gadfly has a lasting
appeal for lovers of historical fiction，and
deserves to be rediscovered in its original
language.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了文学巨著《牛虻》的故事情节及其巨大的影响力。
1．What does the first paragraph mainly
tell us?
A．The background of the novel.
B．Its popularity in the Soviet Union.
C．An
abnormal phenomenon in translation.
D．The
artistic achievement of the novel.
答案 B
解析
段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要介绍的是这部小说在苏联广受欢迎。
故选B项。
2．Why does Arthur escape to South America?
A．He fails to fight Austrian imperial rule.
B．He can’t tolerate his family.
C．He
doesn’t succeed in committing suicide.
D．He is
to be punished by the police.
答案 D
解析
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But he unconsciously betrays his
comrades，after his
private confession(忏悔) is
relayed to the police.”可知，亚瑟在不经意间背叛了他的同伴，之
后他的私
人忏悔被传到了警方耳中。由此可知，他之所以逃往南美洲是因为他将要被警方惩
罚。故选D项。
3．The underlined word “revere” in the last
paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”．
A．salute
C．imitate
答案 A
解析 词义猜
测题。根据文章最后一段可知，这部小说虽然在英国几乎无人知晓，但世界范
围内的其他读者和作家却十
分敬重小说的作者。本题做题的关键是要抓住表示转折的词yet。
故选A项。
4．What
can we know about the novel The Gadfly from the
passage?
A．It has been translated into 22
languages around the world.
B．It is unfamiliar
to the British due to its horrible characters.
C．It receives a negative reaction in the
English-speaking world.
D．It was completed in
1899 and is one of the most popular novels.
答案
C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，作为20世纪最受欢迎的英文小说之一，《牛虻》在讲英语的国家落得几乎无人问津的田地；再由第二段中的“It was published in
New York in
1897...as its English publisher
feared a negative reaction”可知，这部小说完成两年后才在纽约
出版，
因为出版商害怕出现负面的反应。由此可知，在说英语的世界里，这部小说得到的是
B．please
D．condemn
负面的反应。故选C项。
5．What
makes the novel The Gadfly have the most dedicated
readers in the Soviet Union?
A．Nikolai
Ostrovsky’s novel.
B．The fearless and
respected hero.
C．Musical and theatre
adaptations.
D．Soviet copyright laws.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“He returns to Italy in the
guise of ‘The Gadfly’，a fearless
and respected
revolutionary whose true identity is
masked.”和第五段的“Arthur，a Romantic
tragic
hero，was repeatedly voted Russia’s most popular
literary figure”可知，这部小说在苏联
受欢迎的原因是其主人公是一个勇敢无畏且受
人尊敬的人。故选B项。
6．Where should the sentence “The
Gadfly found its largest audience in China” be put
in
the passage?
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
答案
D
解析 篇章结构题。根据倒数第二段中的“...which can be seen in
the ‘Knight-errant’(侠客)
of traditional Chinese
folklore.”可知，此句应该填在第四空。故选D项。
B
(2017·扬州中学期中)
Role-Playing in Child
Development
Playing is a key component in the
learning process for virtually all of the are
various ways in which children play，but one of
the most important is involves a
child
engaging in an activity during which he or she
pretends to be another person.
Experts on
child development believe that role-playing can
increase the connections in
children’s brains
that help them ge skills are some of the most
important aspects of
children role-play，they
must work out steps that need to be taken to
complete a
task，and create plans to act out a
activities enable children to develop their oral
language become able to organize others and
to give directions.
Children’s social skills
can also be engaged in group activities，children
have different are leaders while others are
times，the children will
disagree，so
they must learn to negotiate and compromise with
one another，and they must learn to
apologize
when they have strong arguments or disagreements
as en further learn about
cooperation and
sharing and，hopefully，begin to understand things
from another person’s point of
view.
Besides helping children learn some kinds of
skills，role-playing fosters children’s
imaginations and can therefore assume a number
of example，boys may pretend to shave
like
their fathers or perform various tasks around
their ，meanwhile，often pretend to be
mothers
to do some daily tasks，particularly if it involves
caring for young mes
children may imagine
belonging to a group of superheroes or imitate(模仿)
real-life
might dress up and assume different
r example is the performing of stories they read
in
books，which is also very common when they
role-play.
Another beneficial aspect of role-
playing is that it can help children deal with
certain actions
that may cause them
emotional(情感的) pain，such as the fear they face
when going to school for
the first time or
making a visit to the children role-play
situations like these beforehand，
the fear that
they experience when doing these actions in
reality frequently this reason，
experts
encourage parents to allow their children to role-
play and even to take part in these
activities
to help their children master their fears.
Role-playing can benefit children in many is
no activity for which young children
are
better prepared than fantasy g is more dependable
and risk-free，and the dangers are
only
pretend.
语篇解读 本文介绍了角色扮演在孩子成长过程中的作用。角色扮演可以帮助孩子的
语言发
育，发展孩子的社交技能，帮助他们战胜恐惧心理等。
7．From
the author’s description in Paragraph 4，we learn
that children often .
A．involve daily-
life activities in groups
B．perform daily
tasks instead of their parents
C．act out the
activities that their parents do
D．change
real-life situations when role-playing
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example，boys may
pretend to shave like their fathers
or perform
various tasks around their ，meanwhile，often
pretend to be mothers to do
some daily
tasks，particularly if it involves caring for young
babies.”可知，孩子们经常表演父母
们平常做的事情。故选C。
8．The
author believes that role-playing may help
children .
A．develop a better
awareness of grammar
B．understand how to be
both leaders and followers
C．improve
creativity by using their imaginations
D．receive benefits from their emotional pain
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When engaged in
group activities，children have different
are
leaders while others are
followers.”可知，作者相信角色扮演可以使孩子明白怎
样做领导者和追随者。故选B。
9．The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 5
probably means “ ”．
A．ignore
C．predict
答案 D
解析
词义猜测题。根据本段的第一句话“Another beneficial aspect of role-
playing is that it
can help children deal with
certain actions that may cause them emotional(情感的)
pain，such as
the fear they face...”可知，角色扮演的另一个
作用就是帮助孩子们应对一些不良情绪，比如，
他们遇到的恐惧??，此处鼓励孩子们参加角色扮演活动
肯定是帮助孩子们克服恐惧。这里
的master和deal
with意义相近，故选overcome克服。故选D。
10．Which of the
following shows the organization of the passage?
B．confirm
D．overcome
I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub-point(次要点)
C：Conclusion
答案 A
解析 篇章结构题。纵观全文可知，第一段说的是角色
扮演的重要性；第二段、第三段说的
是帮助孩子提高技能，又包括两个次要点：语言技能和社交技能；第
四段说的是帮助发展想
象力；第五段说是帮助战胜不良情绪；最后一段是总结。故选A。
C
(2017·扬州、六合、句容等七校联考)
My mother believed
you could be anything you wanted to be in a was
where
all my mother’s hopes had come here in
1949 after losing everything in she
never
looked back with were so many ways for things to
get better.
“Of course you can be a
prodigy，too，” my mother told me when I was
nine.“You can be
best at anything.” We didn’t
immediately pick the right kind of first my
mother
thought I could be a Chinese Shirley ’d
watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though
they were training mother would poke my arm
and say，“Ni kan”—You I
would see Shirley
tapping her feet，or singing a sailor song，or
pursing her lips into a very round O
while
saying，“Oh my goodness.”
Soon after my mother
got this idea about Shirley Temple，she took me to
a beauty training
school and put me in the
hands of a student who could barely hold the
scissors without
d of getting big fat curls，I
emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black
mother dragged me off to the bathroom and
tried to wet down my hair.
“You look like
Negro Chinese，” she lamented，as if I had done this
on purpose.
In fact，in the beginning，I was
just as excited as my mother，maybe even more so.I
pictured
this prodigy part of me as many
different images，trying each one on for size.I was
a dainty
ballerina girl standing by the
curtains，waiting to hear the right music that
would send me floating
on my tiptoes.I was
Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with
sparkly cartoon music
filling the air.
In all of my imaginings，I was filled
with a sense that I would soon become mother
and father would adore me.I would be beyond
reproach.I would never feel the need to sulk for
anything.
But sometimes the prodigy in me
became impatient.“If you don’t hurry up and get me
out
of here，I’m disappearing for good，” it
warned.“And then you’ll always be nothing.”
Every night after dinner，my mother and I would
sit at the Formica kitchen would
present new
tests，taking her examples from stories of amazing
children she had read and a dozen
other
magazines she kept in a pile in our mother got
these magazines from people
whose houses she
would look through them all，searching for stories
about remarkable
children.
The first night
she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy
who knew the capitals of all
the states and
even most of the European countries.A teacher was
quoted as saying the little boy
could also
pronounce the names of the foreign cities
correctly.
“What’s the capital of Finland？” my
mother asked me，looking at the magazine story.
All I knew was the capital of
California，because Sacramento was the name of the
street we
lived on in Chinatown.“Nairobi！” I
guessed，saying the most foreign word I could think
checked to see if that was possibly one way to
pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the
answer.
The tests got harder—multiplying
numbers in my head，finding the queen of hearts in
a deck
of cards，trying to stand on my head
without using my hands，predicting the daily
temperatures in
Los Angeles，New York，and
London.
And after seeing my mother’s
disappointed face once again，something inside of
me began to
die.I hated the tests，the raised
hopes and failed going to bed that night，I
looked in the mirror and when I saw only my
face staring back—and that it would always be this
ordinary face—I began to a sad，ugly girl！I
made high pitched noises like a crazed
animal，trying to scratch out the face in the
mirror.
And then I saw what seemed to be the
prodigy side of me—because I had never seen that
face
before.I looked at my reflection，blinking
so I could see more girl staring back at me
was angry， girl and I were the same.I had new
thoughts，willful thoughts，or rather
thoughts
filled with lots of won’ts.I won’t let her change
me，I promised myself.I won’t be
what
I’m not.
语篇解读 作者的母亲一心想把作者培养成中国的秀兰·邓波儿。但是一次次的测试
使得作者
信心全无。作者开始思考，并有了新的想法，作者要做自己，而不是再让妈妈改变自己。
11．The underlined word “prodigy” in
Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A．talent
C．leader
答案 A
解析
词义猜测题。根据下文的“You can be best at anything.”可知，妈妈认为女儿
也能成为
一个有才能的人，也能在任何事情上做到最好。故选A。
12．Why did
the mother and the girl watch Shirley’s old movies
on TV?
A．Because the mother was a fan of
Shirley Temple.
B．Because Shirley Temple’s
hairstyle was very popular among children.
C．Because the girl resembled Shirley Temple in
appearance.
D．Because the mother wanted her
daughter to be a Chinese Shirley Temple.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At first my mother thought I
could be a Chinese Shirley
’d watch Shirley’s
old movies on TV as though they were training
mother
would poke my arm and say，‘Ni kan’—You
watch.”可知，作者和妈妈一起看秀兰·邓波儿
的老电影，是因为妈妈想让作者成为中国的秀兰·
邓波儿。故选D。
13．How did the girl feel about the
tests she did every night?
A．She felt
confident and finished it smoothly.
B．She got
through the tests painfully.
C．She failed the
tests and began to lose confidence.
D．She
eventually sadly found herself ordinary and ugly.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述“And after seeing
my mother’s disappointed face
once
again，something inside of me began to die.I hated
the tests，the raised hopes and failed
expectations.”可知，作者测试失败，开始对自己失去信心了。故选C。
B．professor
D．superstar
14．What
does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 11 mean?
A．The mother was not sure about the answer and
wanted to confirm it.
B．The mother expected
her daughter to know the right answer.
C．The
answers were more than one and the mother checked
them.
D．The mother was disappointed and gave
up her daughter.
答案 B
解析
句意猜测题。根据下文的“before showing me the
answer”并结合常识可知，妈妈在出
示答案之前肯定是期待女儿能知道正确答案。故选B。
15．What might happen after the last paragraph?
A．The girl might try her best to become famous
and successful.
B．The girl might do what she
really likes.
C．The girl might do whatever her
mother asks and becomes a different image.
D．The mother might change her attitude and
listen to her daughter’s words.
答案 B
解析
篇章结构题。根据最后一段的“I had new thoughts，willful
thoughts，or rather thoughts
filled with lots
of won’ts.I won’t let her change me，I promised
myself.I won’t be what I’m
not.”可知，经过了这些事情后，作者可能想做回自己了。故选B。
16．Which
of the following can be the best title of the
text?
A．Being Myself or Not
B．Educational
Failure
C．Difficult American Childhood
D．Mother’s Experience
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据
全文的描述可知，作者的妈妈望女成凤，想把作者培养成自己希望
的样子，可是事与愿违，作者的表现让
妈妈很失望，也让作者自己失去了信心，所以作者决
定做回自己。故选A。
D
(2017·姜堰、如东、沭阳、前黄四校联考)
Written in the
first chapter of the book Pride and Prejudice is
an extraordinary sentence of
which even a
person who has had only a brief look upon the book
will not fail to receive a deep
impression—It is a truth universally
acknowledged that a single man in possession of a
good
fortune must be in want of a terms of
Sherlock Holmes，we’d better alter the sentence
into
“It is a fact universally accepted by
readers throughout the world that an excellent
book in
possession of our famous detective
Sherlock Holmes is undoubtedly a masterpiece of
all
times”．Perhaps this is one of the most
obvious explanations for the incomparable
popularity of
“Holmes series” in the field of
detective elmed by the recommendations provided
by my friends，I decided to take a look on this
Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s Son originally
published by Oxford University Press.
As a
whole，this book is about a case concerning the
Duke’s missing ，the
Duke’s son，was found out
in a certain morning to have
disappeared，accompanied with which
was also
the disappearance of the German school master Dr
Huxtable then turned to the
famous detective
of the time Sherlock Holmes for ing how tough and
important the case
is，Holmes immediately made
up his mind to accept the case and followed Dr
Huxtable back to
Mackleton by formed a rough
idea about the whole matter，Holmes looked into the
case immediately and had a careful
investigation of the entire area shortly after the
arrival，during
the process of which he
discovered the body of the German teacher
y，primarily
due to his outstanding ability as
a detective，he managed to reveal the mystery.
Having once started reading this fiction，I was
completely absorbed in the mysterious
the
beginning，unlike other detective stories，this
story first describes the client’s strange
behavior
at length to indicate the severity of
the incident in order to attract the readers to
continue reading
is known to all，vivid
description is essential to detective stories as
it makes the story more
authentic and
ore，trying to present a “real world” to his
readership，Sir Arthur
Conan Doyle，author of
the original “Holmes series”，has skillfully
arranged the plots of the
whole story from the
perspective of Dr Watson，a friend of Holmes’．In
this way，he
elaborately(精心地) described every
scene and character in the from the special
start，
the ending of the whole story，being
dramatic but reasonable，is certainly an
outstanding
all，except the author himself，who
knows that the Duke’s seemingly ordinary secretary
is in fact
the Duke’s bastard(私生子)？In
addition，who knows that the Duke actually has
already been
acquainted with the whole thing
before Holmes solves this complicated
problem？Yet，surprising
as it is，this ending
seems so natural that it fits all the plots of the
story perfectly g my
eyes，I can even
“see” the story happening just like watching a
film.
As far as I am concerned，nothing is more
admirable and surprising in the hero Sherlock
Holmes than his profound knowledge which has
certainly assisted him a lot when he was studying
the the bicycle tyres for instance，Holmes is
capable of recognizing 42 different varieties
of bicycle for his illimitable
knowledge，Holmes also specializes in arranging the
facts
in order and then finding the fact
leading him to a great discovery or even the truth
this
case，after getting rid of unrelated
facts，Sherlock Holmes eventually grasped the clue
and
discovered the amazing fact.
Needless
to say，as a world-renowned masterpiece，Sherlock
Holmes and the Duke’s Son has
attracted and is
still charming numerous readers from all corners
of the world and people from all
walks of
“Holmes series” has already set up a standard
against which all the following
detective
fictions are ck Holmes，beyond all doubt，has been a
name firmly rooted
in people’s gh Dr Watson’s
closing The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes in
1927 was a great pity to the readers，the
discontinuance of the entire “Holmes series” may
have
actually added to the legendary stature
of Sherlock Holmes.
语篇解读 本文是一篇书评。文章介绍了《福尔摩斯和公爵
的儿子》一书的主要梗概，并从
写作手法、角色特征等方面阐述了作者对此书的观点。
17．Why does the author mention the book Pride
and Prejudice?
A．To show hisher impression on
it.
B．To change a sentence in it to evaluate
the “Holmes series”．
C．To quote a sentence to
directly illustrate its impressiveness.
D．To
state the reason why heshe began reading Sherlock
Holmes and the Duke’s son.
答案 B
解析
推理判断题。作者在第一段提到《傲慢与偏见》一书开头的名句：It is a truth
universally
acknowledged that a single man in
possession of a good fortune must be in want of a
wife.目的是
将这句话改写成It is a fact universally
accepted by readers throughout the world that an
excellent
book in possession of our famous
detective Sherlock Holmes is undoubtedly a
masterpiece of all
times.从而表达作者对福尔摩斯探案系列小说的高度评价。故选B项。
18．Many factors contribute to the
author’s positive attitude toward the book EXCEPT
that .
A．the detailed description
of a client’s strange behavior arouses the
readers’ interest
B．the plots are well laid
out and all scenes and characters are artfully
presented
C．the book is even adapted into a
film and the author really enjoys watching it
D．its ending is so surprising that it makes
the author deeply impressed
答案 C
解析
细节理解题。文章第三段列举了此书吸引作者的原因。根据其中第二句“...this story
first describes the client’s strange behavior
at length to indicate the severity of the incident
in
order to attract the readers to continue
reading it.”可知，对委托人奇怪行为的描写引起了读者
的兴趣，A项不符合题意；根据第
四、五句“...Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，author of the
original
‘Holmes series’．..in the book.”可知，情节的
精心安排、场景和人物的深入刻画也是此书
值得称赞的地方，B项可排除；根据第六句“Apart
from the special start，the ending of the whole
story，being dramatic but reasonable，is
certainly an outstanding
one.”可知D项也不符合题意。
文中并没有提到C项，故选C项。
19．What
kind of a person is Sherlock Holmes according to
the passage?
A．Knowledgeable.
C．Mysterious.
答案 A
解析
推理判断题。倒数第二段分析了主要人物福尔摩斯。根据此段第一句“...nothing is
more admirable and surprising in the hero
Sherlock Holmes than his profound knowledge...”可知，正是福尔摩斯渊博的知识帮助他破案。由此可推断，福尔摩斯是一个知识渊博的人。
knowl
edgeable知识渊博的；arbitrary武断的；mysterious神秘的，不可思议的；cou
rageous
勇敢的。故选A项。
20．How is the passage
organized?
B．Arbitrary.
D．Courageous.
(P＝Paragraph)
答案 D
解析 篇章结构
题。本篇文章共有五段。第一段引出文章话题和背景介绍；第二段简要概括
《福尔摩斯和公爵的儿子》一
书的内容；第三段点评此书引人入胜的原因；第四段评论主要
人物福尔摩斯。第五段为全文总结，再次肯
定了这本书以及福尔摩斯探案系列小说。第二、
三、四段是文章的主体，从不同角度平行展开评论，因此
，文章的结构为“总——分——总”。
故选D项。
21．What’s the
passage mainly about?
A．It mainly introduces
the plots of the book Sherlock Holmes and the
Duke’s son.
B．It’s mainly about the author’s
attitude towards Sherlock Holmes.
C．It’s
mainly about the thoughts of the author after
reading Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s
son.
D．It’s mainly a comparison between the book
Pride and Prejudice and the “Holmes series”．
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。本篇文章是作者阅读《福尔摩斯和公爵的儿子》后所写的书评，
从写作
手法、角色特征等方面阐述了作者对此书的观点。故选C项。