江天一色-怎么能提高英语成绩
专题十一
学前自测（发现考点）
简单句的种类
(
)1. He needs your help. You ___ and give him a
hand.
A. should to stay B.
shouldn't stay
( )2. —Excuse me, can I
smoke here? —No, ____.
A. you mustn't
B. you'd not better
( )3. _____ useful
advice you gave us!
A. What a B. How a
C. What D. How
( )4. —Mum, must I
finish the homework tonight?
—No,
____. It is Saturday and you can finish later.
A. you must
C. you
mustn't
A. How long
C. How many
B.
you'd not better
D. you don't have to
B.
How soon
D. How far
C. you can
D. you'd better not to
C. ought not stay
D. ought to stay
( )5. — ____ will the
next bus come, do you know? —In five minutes.
( )6. —You won't follow his example, will
you?
— ____. I don't think he is
right.
A. No, I won't B. Yes, I will
—Wow! _____ news!
A. What
exciting
C. What an exciting
— _____. You can do it after class.
A. Yes, you must.
C. Yes,
you may.
B. No, you needn't.
D. No, you mustn't.
C. hasn't she
D. does she
C. Look around D.
Looking at
B. How exciting
D. How an
exciting
C. No, I will D. Yes,
I won't
( )7. —Subway Line 6 and Line 2
will be built in our city in the coming four
years.
( )8. —Must we collect the waste
paper and bottles now?
( )9. It's great!
Your daughter's finished the homework, _____?
A. has she B. isn't she
A. Look at B. Looks at
常考考点知识清单（研习考点）
考点一 陈述句
陈述句用来陈述事实或看法,一般用降调,句末用句点。 陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。
1.
肯定句
肯定句的基本结构为“主语+系动词+表语”或“主语+谓语+其他”。
My
brother is a bus driver. 我的哥哥是一名公共汽车司机。
2. 否定句
( )10. ____ the map and tell me where
Shanghai is.
(1) 如果句子中含有 be
动词、助动词或情态动词,在它们之后直接加上 not 构成否定形式。
The girl
isn't studying in the classroom. 那个女孩没有在教室里学习。
(2) 如果句子的谓语动词是实义动词,其否定形式为:助动词 do does
did+not+实义动词(原形)。
Mike doesn't have a brother.
迈克没有哥哥。
(3) 除了 not 以外,还有一些可以构成否定式的否定词,如:no (
=not any not a), no one, never, nothing,
no-
body, neither, none。
I have never been abroad.
我从来没有去过国外。
(4) 句子中含有 little, few, seldom,
hardly 时,表示部分否定。
I can hardly sing English
songs. 我几乎不会唱英文歌曲。
(5) 当 all, both, each,
everyone, everything, everywhere, always
等表示总括意义的词和 not 连用时,表示
部分否定。
Not all the
girls like bright colours. 不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
注意:如果肯定句中含有 some, somebody, someone,
something, somewhere, already, 变为否定句时,要
分别改为
any, anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere, yet。
考点二 感叹句
感叹句是用来表达说话人对于某人、某物或某件事表示赞美、
惊讶、喜悦、气愤或悲哀等语气的
句子,这类句子有强烈的感情,句尾用感叹号。 感叹句通常由
how 或 what 引出。
1. 如果对句子中的名词或名词词组表示感叹,用 what
引导。
(1) What+a an+adj. +单数名词+主语+谓语(+其他成份)!
其中主语和谓语可以省略。
What an interesting book (it is)!
多有趣的一本书啊!
(2) What+adj. +名词复数
不可数名词+主语+谓语(+其他成份)! 其中主语和谓语可以省略。
What
beautiful flowers they are! 多漂亮的花啊!
2.
如果对句子中的形容词、副词或动词表示感叹,用 how 引导。
(1) How+adj.
adv. +主语+谓语(+其他成份)!
How hard the people are
working! 这些人们工作多努力啊!
(2) How+主语+谓语!
How
time flies! 时间过得真快啊!
考点三 疑问句
用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句,句末须用问号。
疑问句包括:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问
句、反意疑问句等。
1. 一般疑问句
能用 yes 或 no 回答的问句叫一般疑问句,读时用升调。 一般疑问句主要有以下三种形式:
(1) be+主语+其他?
Is your sister a
nurse? 你姐姐是护士吗?
(2) 情态动词+主语+谓语+其他?
Can you
lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗?
(3)
助动词+主语+谓语+其他?
Have your friends ever visited
your home? 你的朋友们曾经拜访过你家吗?
2. 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是指
由特殊疑问词(组)引导的疑问句,句末多读降调,回答时要根据具体情况作出回答,不
能用yes 或
no。 特殊疑问句的构成:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句?
(1) 疑问代词引导的特殊疑问句
常用的疑问代词有:what, who, which, whose, whom。
What is the girl doing? 这个女孩正在做什么?
(2)
疑问副词引导的特殊疑问句
常用的疑问副词有:when, where, why, how。
Where is your pen pal from? 你的笔友来自哪里?
(3)
疑问词引导的特殊疑问句
常用的疑问词组有:
A. what which
whose+名词。
What colour is your new coat?
你的新外套是什么颜色的?
B. how + adj. adv. 构成的疑问短语有:how
many, how much, how old, how tall, how long, how
often,
how soon, how far。
How often do you
do exercise? 你多久锻炼一次?
3. 选择疑问句
选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句,用 or 连接,or
前用升
调,or 后用降调。
选择疑问句可用完整的句子或省略句回答所选情况,而不能用
yes 或 no 来回答。 选择疑问句的构成
有两种情况:
(1)
一般疑问句+or+被选择的部分+其他?
—Do you like football or
basketball? 你喜欢足球还是篮球?
—I like basketball.
我喜欢篮球。
(2) 特殊疑问句+A or B?
—Which do you
like better, apples or pears? 你更喜欢哪一类,苹果还是梨?
—I like apples better. 我更喜欢苹果。
4. 反意疑问句
反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。
附加问句部分要与前面陈述
句用逗号隔开,句末用问号。
附加部分的主语需用代词,并与前句主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和
时态上也要一致。
反意疑问句的用法如下:
(1)
主句为肯定陈述句时,附加问句部分用否定形式,且必须用缩写形式。
The girl went
to school late yesterday, didn't she?
那个女孩昨天上学迟到了,对不对?
(2) 主句为否定陈述句时,附加问句部分用肯定形式。
He didn't eat anything, did he? 他没有吃任何东西,对吗?
(3) 当陈述句部分主语是指示代词 that, this 或不定代词 something,
everything, nothing 时,附加部分用
it。
Everything
is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了,对不对?
(4) 当陈述部分主语是
everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, somebody,
someone 时,附加部分可用
they,也可用 he。
Everybody
likes the new teacher, don't they? 大家都喜欢这位新老师,对不对?
Someone knows the answer, doesn't he?
有人知道答案,对不对?
(5) 当陈述句部分是“there
be”结构时,附加疑问句部分的主语用 there。
There is something
wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的手表有毛病了,对不对?
(6) 当陈述部分含有否定前缀的词时,仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it? 这是不可能的,对不对?
(7) 以 let's 开头的祈使句,附加问句应用 shall
we;其他形式的祈使句,无论是肯定还是否定祈使句,附
加问句都可用 will you。
Let's go home now, shall we? 现在咱们回家吧,好吗?
注意: 以 let us 开头的祈使句,附加问句应用 will you。
eg:
Let us have a rest now, will you? 现在让我们休息一会儿,好吗?
(8) 当陈述部分的主句是 I think believe suppose
等结构时,问句部分则往往与 that 从句中的主语和
谓语动词保持一致。
I
think he is asleep, isn't he? 我认为他睡着了,是不是?
(9)
反意疑问句的回答
在回答反意疑问句时肯定用 yes,后跟肯定的陈述;否定用
no,后跟否定的陈述。 如果反意疑问句是前
否后肯的形式,回答中 yes 翻译成“不”;no
翻译成“是的”。
—Mary sings well, doesn't she?
玛丽唱得很好,是不是?
—Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
不,她唱得很好。 是的,她唱得不好。
巧学妙记: 前肯后否是习惯,前否后肯也常见。 尾句
not 若出现,必须缩写是习惯。
还有一点需注意,
短语代词作主语。回答反意疑问句,答语含义是依据。肯定陈述用
yes,否定陈述用 no 替。
考点四 祈使句
祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。 祈使句一般以动词原形开
头,无时态和数的变化,句末用句点或感叹号,读时用降调,在祈使句的句首或句末加上
please,以使语
气更加委婉客气。 祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式。
1. 肯定祈使句
(1) 动词原形+其他。
Open the door, please. 请打开门。
(2) Let's+动词原形+其他。
Let's go to the park
this Sunday. 这个星期天咱们去公园吧。
2. 否定祈使句
(1)
Don't+动词原形+其他。
Don't play football on the
road! 不要在马路上踢足球!
(2) Let sb. not+动词原形+其他。
Let's not make so much noise here. 咱们不要在这大声吵闹。
(3) Never+动词原形+其他。
Never be late for
school. 上学绝不可迟到。
3. 祈使句的回答
因为祈使句通常表示将来要发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用 will 或 won't。
—Don't forget to do your homework. 不要忘记做你的作业。
—I won't. 我不会忘记的。
巩固训练（夯实基础）
一、单项选择
( )1. —Mum had nothing for
supper tonight, ____? —No. She didn't feel like
_____ anything.
A. had she; eating
C. did she; eating
sad
A. will you
B.
hadn't she; to eat
D. didn't she; to eat
C. Which
C. What sadly
C. shall we
D. Why
D. How sadly
D. will we
( )2. — ___ did Tom say when
you told him the news? —Nothing.
B. What
B. What sad
( )3. — ____ the little
boy looks! —Yes. He can’t find his mum.
(
)4. —Let's go boating, ____? —OK.
B. won't
you
( )5. —Have you read today's
morning paper?
—Not ____. What's the
latest news about hand-foot-and-mouth disease?
A. only B. yet C.
ever D. just
( )6. —
____ make this mistake again, Jack. —Sorry. I
_____.
A. Don't; won't B. Don't
be; won't C. Don't be; don't D. Don't;
will
( )7. —Did you go fishing ____
swimming yesterday? —Neither. I went shopping.
A. and B. or C. but
( )8. — ____ do you go to school, by bike
or by bus? —By bike.
A. What B. When
C. How
( )9. —There are always
many volunteers in Olympic Games, ____?
—Yes. Many hands make light work.
A. aren't
there B. are there C. aren't they
( )10. —There is enough fruit for us,
_____? — _____. We need to get some.
A. isn't
there; No B. isn't it; Yes C. is
there; No D. isn't it; No
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. —_____ (how a) fast
China is developing!
—Yes, we are so lucky to
live in such a great country.
2. —Mum, can I
play computer games this evening?
—______
(finish) your homework first, and then we'll talk
about it.
3. He seldom came here, ____ (does)
he?
4. Don't forget to give Polly some food
and change her water, ____ (would) you?
5.
____ (does) she sleep well last night?
6.
_______ (What) clever dog Lucky is! It can
understand Mr Smith's orders.
7. —__________
(often) do you brush your teeth? —Twice or more a
day.
8. I always hate _______ (be) late for
school.
9. Be careful! ______ (Do) go too
high.
10. Which do you like _____ (well),
skating or skiing?
答案：
学前自测
1-5
DACDB 6-10 AABCA
巩固训练
一、1-5 CBACB 6-10
ABCAA
二、
1. How
2. Finish
3. did
4. will
5. Did
6. What a
7. How
often
D. so
D. Why
D. are they
8. being
9. Don’t
10.
better