秘籍11 语篇型填空-2020年高考英语抢分秘籍(解析版)

秘笈11 语篇型填空

考点1：名词
弄清数与格。即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格。
考点2：代词
⑴ 指代对象(通 常是前面出现的名词或整句)，是人还是事物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数，是作主语还是
作宾语。
⑵ 如是物主代词(表示某人的)，作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词，在名词前作定语只能用形容 词性物
主代词。
⑶ 反身代词反指谁，它通常作主语和宾语的同位语，这时应与主语或宾语 一致；也可作某些动词或介词的
宾语，这时需与主语一致。
考点3：冠词
不定冠词表示泛指，可译作＂一个本座……＂等；定冠词表示特指，相当于＂这，这些，那，那些＂。
另 外，搞清特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物用the，以及在序数词前、最高级前、独一
无二的事物名词之前，用the。
考点4：连词
（1）并列连词。
连接两个或几个词、短语或句子的并列连词有and, or, but, neither…nor, either…or, whether…or等。
（2）从属连词
①引导名词性从句的 连接代词或连接副词(有意思，并在从句中作句子成分)，以及that(不作任何句子成句，
没有任何 意义), 和表示＂是否＂的whetherif。其中要特别注意连接代词what的意义和用法。

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②引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。注意关系词是代表先行词并在定语 从句中作句子成分的。
③ 引导状语从句的从属连词。
考点5：介词
要是at, in, on, for, since, with, without, from, as, after, before, behind等表示时间、地点、原因等的介词以及
习惯用语中的介词。
考点6：谓语动词
谓语动词主要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。从历年全国卷来看，考得最 多的是一般现在时和
一般过去时，且只需看看上下文中谓语动词是用什么时态，跟着用什么时态就行了， 十分简单。
考点7：非谓语动词
动词是作谓语用的，当动词不是作谓 语时，而是作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语时，该动词就要用
非谓语形式：to do(即用to+原形), doing(即-ing形式), done(即-ed形式)。
考点8：词类转换
要求考生搞清楚，什么词类在句中作什么成分，或什么成分用什么词类的词来充当。复习要点主要有：
⑴ 作主语、宾语、表语，用名词。亦即，名词就是在句中作主语、宾语、表语的。
考点9：比较等级
有than的前面要用比较级；有in, of, I have ever seen等表示比较范围的用最高级；根据语境理解隐形的
比较级。
【典例】
My activity is uncommon for young men my age. It is gymnastics. Gymnastics has taught myself-discipline
and given me confidence.
The sport of gymnastics 1 (be) very time-consuming. I work out between 17and 20 hours a week, not to
mention the two hours 2 takes to drive to and from my gym every day.

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Last year was my first at a new level of gymnastics. I worked hard all season, 3 received few awards. I 4
(learn) that although I didn't receive many prizes, trying my best was what was 5 (importance). Sometimes in the
workplace hard work is also not 6 (reward). With the proper mindset, however, knowing that the job was done
well would be enough of a reward for me.
To be successful in school, intelligence and hard work will get one very far. To be successful in the workplace,
one must also have maturity, confidence and discipline. Few 7 (activity) teach these better than gymnastics.
In gymnastics, I often cannot perform a skill either because of fear or 8 I am just not physically able.
Although I will lose my ability 9 (do) gymnastics as I age, I will never forget 10 life lessons this sport has
taught me.

第一部分 有提示词题目的解题技巧
有 提示词题目是指＂使用括号中词语的正确形式填空＂这类题，近年来的高考题只【解析】考查谓语
动词的 时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。
一、 谓语动词
【解题技巧】
当句子缺少谓语动词时， 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时，要根据语境确定 用哪种时态，根据主语
与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。具体解题技巧如下：
第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词。
第二步：若为谓语 动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语
态，同时还要根据 语境考虑用哪种时态。
第三步：要注意主谓一致。
二、非谓语动词

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【解题技巧】
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。
此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (表一般意义 )或
不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要 根据与逻
辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如seehear notice g sth.,
spend...doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：
第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。
第二步：根据非谓语动词 在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非
谓语动词形式。如作目的 状语一般用不定式，作主语或宾语用?ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish
等动词后作宾语用?ing形式，在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式等等。
第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。
第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。
三、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级
形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级或最高级，词义比较等。
【解题技巧】
当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若
该词 意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)。注意：要善于分析语境，辨别省略了
than...的隐性比较级。具体解题技巧如下：
第一步：分析结构，确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语。
第二步：根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级。
四、词类转换
【解题技巧】
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题：

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(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语 用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，
作状语，用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用
副词 ；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。
第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。
第二部分 无提示词题目的解题技巧
无提示词题目指的是＂在空白处填入1个适当的单词＂这类题，五年来，这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。那么什么情况下填代词？何时填冠词？何时填关联词？ 何时填介词呢？
一、代词
【解题技巧】
当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。只要 句子缺主语或宾语，就填
代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单 数还是复数。除人称代词
外，也有可能是填不定代词等。解题技巧如下：
第一步：分析句子结 构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺
宾语，则要填代 词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。
第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。
二、限定词
【解题技巧】
在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或＂形容词＋名词＂前，一般要用限定词。
限定词是指冠词 、形容词性物主代词，或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时，要根据句子的意思来确定
空格的语境意义，由 此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指，用the；表示泛称时用不定冠词a或an。解题技
巧如下：

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第一步：分析句子结构。若空格后的名词或者＂形容词＋名词＂ 前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、冠
词等限定词时，很可能是填限定词。
第二步：理解句 子意思。根据所需意义选择恰当的限定语，如需＂一(个、座、次……)＂填不定冠词，需
＂某人的＂填物主代词，需＂其它的＂填other。
三、介词
【解题技巧】
当 空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填介词。具体填什么介
词，由 介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定，也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决定。具体解题
技巧如 下：
第一步：若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且他们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时， 很可能就是
填介词。
第二步：根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。
四、关联词
【解题技巧】
当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这 两个句子之间没有关联词时，填关联词；若并列
的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选 择、转折等意义的连词(andbutsoor)；从属句间
常依据句子的属性是名词性从句、形容词性 从句还是副词性从句来确定其关联词。具体解题技巧如下：
第一步：分析结构，若两个句子(有两个主 谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连接词，空格必填连接词
(此处的连接词包括并列连词，如：a nd, but, or, while, so, for等；引导状语从句的从属连词；引导定
语从 句的关系代词和关系副词；引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词和连词that, if, whether)。
第二步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或根据句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。
第三步：若是主从复合句，要根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连接词。
语法填空解题总策略

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语法填空题设空设空大致有如下特点：
无提示词一般【解析】考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等
有提示词一般【解析】考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词等。
具体策略： < br>(一)给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动 词；
(二)给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出 形容词，需
要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
(三)给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
(四)不给词语填写限定词的时候 ，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数
形式。形容词性物主代词等限 定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定
冠词。

Passage1(
安徽安庆
2020
年高三
4
月测试
)
All eyes were on Jack Ma. The chairman of Alibaba Group Holding Ltd 1 (step) down On Teachers’ Day
from leading the e-commerce giant. “I still have lots of dreams to go after”, Ma wrote in __2___open letter last year,
announcing his parting. The 55-year-old businessman showed up at his farewell party (
欢送会
) __3__ (dress) up
like a rock star.
Ma's rags-to-riches story is a good example of doing something different. 4 (visit) America in 1995, Ma
saw the Internet and had the idea of setting up his own trading website. In 1999, he founded Alibaba struggling for
years to get it off the ground. E-commerce was __5__(gradual) brought to China by Ma, __6__success has inspired
many Chinese tech businessmen.
Now Ma is looking to focus __7__ education. “I'm not gonna teach English; I'm not gonna teach business. But

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I'm gonna teach young people how to face 8 (challenge),” he told Bloomberg News. It's never true skilled
sailor that can 9 (make) on calm waters. As Ma said, “Today is cruel, tomorrow is even 10 (cruel). But the
day after tomorrow is beautiful.”
Test2(河南中原名校2020高三下期质量考评一)
There are a number of exciting cities in the world,___1___ a vacationer can choose to spend his her valuable
vacation time. The city of Barcelona and the beautiful ____2____(surround) area offer something for nearly
everyone, ____3____(regard) of their interests or background.
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain, and the eleventh largest in all of Europe when ___4___(rank) by
population. The city has a long and interesting history and today plays an important role in the worlds of finance,
entertainment, international trade, and tourism. The city faces the Mediterranean Sea and ___5___(sit) on the
northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Its geographic ___6___(locate) is one of the best parts of the city as it has a
lot of ___7___(beach).
A visit ___8___ Barcelona is a great way to people who have the vacation of a lifetime and see ___9___
unique area of the world. And ___10___(take) a Barcelona vacation is a great decision, and a decision no one ever
ends up regretting, just like me.
Test3(
河北石家庄精英学校
2020
年度高三三调
)
Harbin's location in northeast China accounts for its arctic climate 1 provides abundant natural ice and
snow.
During the Qing Dynasty, the local farmers and 2 (fisherman) often made and used ice lanterns in winter.
At that time these were made 3 (simple) by pouring water into a bucket (
桶
) that was then put out in the open
to freeze. It was then gently warmed before the water 4 (freeze) completely so that the bucket-shaped ice could
be pulled out. 5 hole was made in the top and the water remaining inside was poured out, creating a hollow
vessel (
中空容器
). A candle was then placed inside, resulting 6 a windproof (
防风
) lantern that gained great
popularity in the region around the city. From then on, people made ice lanterns and put them outside their houses
during the 7 (tradition) festivals. Thus the ice lantern began 8 (it) long history of development. Today we
can enjoy various artistic ice lanterns.

8

The 36th session of Harbin Ice and Snow Festival is predicted to be held from late December, 2019 to March,
2020, 9 (cover) three important Chinese festivals—New Year's Day, Chinese New Year and Lantern Festival.
A 10 (various) of activities about ice and snow, concerning tourism, culture, trade and sports, will welcome all
tourists.
Test4(陕西渭南中学2020年高考考前提分卷)
We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel 1 (good)at some point in our lives, but why
does doubling down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼)?
A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 2 we match our music to our
feelings. It looks like sad music can be enjoyable—rather than 3 (simple) depressing—because it
triggers positive memories that can help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin
University in Australia says there 4 (be)two groups of possible 5 (explain) for why we enjoy
listening to sad music like this: one from social psychology, and one from cognitive neuroscience(认知
神经学).
In terms of social psychology, one way of 6 (think) about this is that we feel much better
about 7 (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward
social comparison. Everything’s going to be okay, because this person 8 (have) an even worse day
than you are.
Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen 9 music that mirrors the
tone of their current life circumstances—the songs act as 10 sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our
own situations and they resonate(共鸣) with us.

Test1
The most common types of tea are black and green tea. They come from the same plant but 1
(process) differently.
Workers take the leaves and spread them out on shelves where they can dry. Next, they are rolled and 2
(break) into pieces and put into a room 3 they absorb oxygen. Chemical reactions change the taste and

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character of the tea. Finally, the leaves are dried with hot air until they turn brownish-black(棕黑色). Most black
tea comes 4 Sri Lanka, Indonesia and eastern Africa.
5 (make) green tea, workers put the freshly picked leaves into a steamer, which keeps them green. Then
they are crushed(捣碎的) and dried in ovens. Japan is 6 biggest producers of green tea.
Tea can be bought in many 7 (form) — leaves, powder or tea bags. Some of them are added with flavors,
like orange or lemon. Although most people drink their tea hot, many enjoy iced tea, 8 (especial) during the
summer months.
Black tea is brewed by 9 (pour) water over a teaspoon of tea. The tea should leave in water for three to
five minutes before you drink 10 . Green tea should be left in water longer. Instead of putting tea leaves into a
pot people often put tea bags into a cup.
Test2
What’s the real meaning of life? With regard 1 this question, different people perhaps have different
answers. The answer may be to enjoy, for example, living in a big house, driving a brand car and traveling around
the world. Of course, the answer may also be to value everything in our life so that when we look back the past, we
won’t have lots of regrets and sadness.
2 (actual), life is like a journey in which we can enjoy wonderful sceneries. Meanwhile, we can also meet
warm-hearted people 3 can enrich our life. In addition, we have to learn to make 4 (friend) with setbacks
and difficulties that come to us without any signs. That is to say, when we 5 (be) in trouble, there is no need
for us to be 6 (discourage) and lonely. On the contrary, try to give ourselves the most powerful smile and see
these bad situations as gifts, offering 7 (we) an opportunity to improve ourselves.
Life is also like the rainbow appearing in the sky, 8 (give) us endless hope and passion. At the same time,
as is 9 (know), life is short and hard, too. 10 , facing our precious life that will never come again, we
should remain positive. Besides, we also should use sweats and tears to irrigate(灌溉) our dreams and targets.
Test3
It’s safe to say being Leonardo DiCaprio’s assistant is like being king or queen of the world. The actor’s
former right hand woman, Kasi Brown, described on what it was like working for the Oscar winner back in 2003.

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“He’s 1 ( extreme) down to earth, and he likes to share stories and life experiences with people,” she 2
(tell) a famous newspaper. She signed on to work with the actor as he began filming The Aviator in Los Angeles.
While 3 (work) on the set of the drama film with Leo, Kasi revealed that she learned a lot about the
41-year-old. “He was very smart and 4 (knowledge ) about politics, pop culture and history,” she said.
“Leo and I always had fun on set,” Kasi revealed. The actor and his assistant were willing 5 (observe)
people and kill time by 6 (play) characters. The two also had a running joke 7 them, in which they
would pretend Leo was 8 stereotypical(刻板的) celebrity. Once the 2004 film wrapped, Leo and Kasi let go or
rather parted ways. Kasi, 9 in 2015 wrote and directed her own movie Gone Doggy Gone, admitted that Leo
gave her 0 (encourage) all along the way.


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