2021高考英语重点单词词性转换和语境活用11(解析版)

2021高考英语重点单词词性转换和语境活用11解析版
基础盘点·自测自评21





拓


展


词


汇
icate vi.(用语言、信号) 传递信息；交流→communication n.交流；沟通
vi.变化→variety n.种类→various adj.各种各样的
adj.正式的→informal adj.非正式的
e vt.包括→involvement n.连累；包含；参与
ous adj.意识到的；自觉的；有意识的→unconscious adj.无意识的；不知不觉的 (反义词)
v.邀请→invitation n.邀请
n.恩惠；善意的行为；赞同；支持→favourable adj.赞同的；有利的→favourite
adj.& n．特别喜爱的(东西)
m v.表演；表现；运行→performance n.表演→performer n.表演者
adj.平等的；同等的；胜任的→equally adv.平等地；同样地→equality n.平等













famous performer is said to have performed a humorous performance at yesterday’s evening
party，which has left a deep impression on the audience. (perform)
are a variety of animals and plants in the world. They vary in shape and size and exist in many
parts of the world. But for various reasons, some of them are dying out. (vary)
g on the street, I found an old man lying on the ground I was conscious
that the old man was in danger, I called the emergency service. (conscious)
our daily life, communication plays an important part, so it’s important to develop the ability to
communicate with others. (communicate)
5.I’m in favour of the plan, which will be favourable to the development of children.(favour)

重




语

境

点
活




用

词




汇






高考英语加后缀age结尾的六类名词全扫描
1.表示集合名词、总称
wordage 文字，词汇量
percentage 百分比
tonnage 吨数，吨位
wattage 电的瓦数
4.表示场所、地点
orphanage 孤儿院
anchorage 停泊所
passage 通道
5.表示行为或行为的结果
marriage 结婚
rootage 生根；根源
breakage 破碎；破损
stoppage 阻止；阻塞；中断
brewage 酿造
clearage 清除；清理
wastage 耗损
pilgrimage 朝圣
shrinkage 收缩；皱缩
storage 贮存；保管
use-usage 使用；用法
6.表示物
roofage 盖屋顶的材料；屋面材料
roughage 粗粮，粗饲料
brokerage 经纪费；经手费
3.表示状态、情况、身份
shortage 短缺
parentage 出身，门第
pupilage 学生身份
package 包裹
bandage 绷带
waterfall 瀑布
watergate 水门；水闸
watermelon 西瓜
waterway 航道；水路；排水沟
watermark 水印；水位标志
深
mileage 英里数


herbage 草本植物
acreage 英亩数
谙
leafage 叶子（总称）

2.表示费用

构


postage 邮资
railage 铁路运费
waterage 水运费
词
pilotage 领航费


法
cartage 车运费
expressage 快运费；快递费
portage 邮资；邮费
porterage 搬运费

alienage 外国人身份
对接高考·重点单词词性转换高效演练二十一
I.单句语法填空
ng is my favorite (favor) sport. There is nothing like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety(vary)．
3And an unexpected (expect) shower added to the difficulty of us in finding a way home, for all the tracks we had
made disappeared because of the rain.
little boy panicked when thinking about the punishment (punish) he might get from his teacher.
ts should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth (grow).
exhibition not only shows a variety of paper cuts in different regions, but also presents to us the history and
development (develop)of paper?cutting in China.
language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that
you are being defensive (defense).
ication involves a variety of interactions (interact), which contributes to improving people’s relationship.
colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically
(academic) and personally.
the sites are free to the public and accessible (access) to anyone with an Internet connection.

II.单句改错
ing in the car accident, the driver had no alternative but to stay and wait for the policeman.
Involving→Involved
could photograph almost anything here without requesting permit.
permit→permission
the tickets sold out, they went away, disappointing. disappointing→disappointed
hotel is convenient located close to the beach, thus making it popular among tourists.
convenient→conveniently
is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.
very→well

III.短文语法填空
For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to

celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.

About 3，000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1._______ was Zhang Zhifu, a
77?year?old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work.“It is 2._______(true) an honor
to be granted this special privilege，”Zhang said.
To guarantee the 3._______(safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4._______(plan) this year’s Lantern
Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for
visitors to absorb 5._______(they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum’s
new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.
Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6._______(bring) many changes to the world’s
7._______(large) imperial complex(建筑群). Once in a speech Shan shared his idea about how to make traditional
8._______(treasure) come alive again. He said, “9._______ matters to a museum is not how many visitors they
have, but how close they are 10._______ people’s daily lives.”
【解题导语】本文是一篇说 明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院自建院94年以来首次在元宵节晚间对部分公
众免费开放，这引发了众 多关注。
1．whom 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，且先行词“About 3，
000 lucky visitors”在从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，所以应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
2．truly 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子结构完整，应用副词修饰整 个句
子。故填truly。
3．safety 解析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的“the”及其后的“of”可推知，此处应用名词。故填safety。
4．planning 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处动词plan与逻辑主语festival organizers之间构成主动关系，
所以应用现在分词形式。故填planning。
5．themselves 解析：考查代词。此处动词absorb后的宾语应与逻辑主语visit ors保持一致，所以应用
反身代词themselves作宾语。故填themselves。
6．has brought 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。since引导时间状语从句时，主 句中的谓语动词通
常用现在完成时，且主语是第三人称单数。故填has brought。
7．largest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。此处表示单霁翔对这个世界上最大的建筑群做了许多改善。

故此处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
8．treasures 解析：考查名词的单复数。treasure意为“珍宝”，是可数名词，再 根据语境可知，此处应
用其复数形式，表示“传统的珍宝”。故填treasures。
9．What 解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，所 以
此处应用连接代词what引导。注意首字母大写。故填What。
10．to 解析：考查介词。close to意为“接近，靠近”，是固定短语。故填to。
IV.短文改错

The idea of living on the moon is no long science fiction. However, there will be drawbacks to live there as
well as advantage.
On the positive side, people will be able to escape from the crowding cities, but will have clear views of the
earth and stars.
On the other hand, the moon is a unfriendly place for humans. First of all, people will have to wear special
suits and if their equipment fails, it will probably die. Secondly, they will have to get used to be weightless. Finally,
they’ll probably miss the plants and wildlife that exists on the earth.
In all, the moon might be an ideal place where humans take over a holiday or scientists carry out research, but
not a place for ordinary people to live all the time.
答案：
The idea of living on the moon is no
as well as
advantage
.
①advantages
crowdingbut
cities, will have clear views of
①crowded①and
long
science fiction. However, there will be drawbacks to live there
①longer
On the positive side, people will be able to escape from the
the earth and stars.
On the other hand, the moon is
suits and if their equipment fails,
a
unfriendly place for humans. First of all, people will have to wear special
①an
itbe
will probably die. Secondly, they will have to get used to
①they①being
exists
on the earth.
①exist
weightless. Finally, they’ll probably miss the plants and wildlife that
over＼
In all, the moon might be an ideal place where humans take ①a holiday or scientists carry out research，

①
but not a place for ordinary people to live
①in
all the time.


基础盘点·自测自评22







拓

展

词

汇
e vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教师
lture n．农业→ agricultural adj.农业的
tion n．产量→ produce v．生产→producer n．生产者
vt.出口→ import vt.进口(反义词)
ty n．数量→ quality n．质量
te vi.毕业n.毕业生→ graduation n．毕业
al adj.个人的→ personally adv.就自己而言→personality n．性格；个性；人格
e vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸，爆炸声

factory produces computers. Its producer is optimistic about the production and sale. (produce)
government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. In a sense, it is
重
语

点


境
the duty of every educator to do what they can for the cause of education of China. (educate)
活
graduation, he is one of the graduates who have just graduated this year and have found a good
用
job in Beijing.(graduate)
bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)

高考英语加前缀in-表示否定的词荟萃
accurate-inaccurate 不精密的；不准的
ability-inability n.无能；无能为力
active-inactive adj.不活跃的；懒散的
adequacy- inadequacy n.不充分；不适当
词

汇
深
accessible-inaccessible adj.不能接近的correct- incorrect adj.不正确的

谙

curable- incurable adj.不可治愈的
dependent-independent adj.独立的，自主的
direct-indirect adj.间接引起的
formal-informal adj.非正式的
构
animate- inanimate adj.无生命的；无精打采的 inglorious adj.不光彩的

appropriate-inappropriate adj.不恰当的 inhuman adj.无人性的；残忍的
inseparable adj.不可分的；不愿分开的
valuable-invaluable adj.极其宝贵的
词
capable-incapable adj.无能的；不能胜任的

convenient-inconvenient 不方便的

高考英语合成名词“v.＋adv.”大观园

法
breakdown故障；崩溃：分解
breakthrough 突破
break-up中断；分手；分离
die-hard 死硬派；顽固分子
drawback 不利条件；退税
farewell 告别；再见；再会
feedback 反馈；成果；回复
get-together聚会，联欢会
grown-up成年人
make-up 化妆品；补考；补充
set-up 计划；组织；机构；装配
standstill停顿；停止
takeaway 外卖食物
warm?up 热身运动



对接高考·重点单词词性转换高效演练二十二
I.单句语法填空
success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures (fail).
ou, known(know) for the West Lake, attracts many visitors every year.
boy managed to escape from the burning house, but he couldn’t escape being punishedpunishment(punish)
because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.
TV program Readers on CCTV was so exciting that all the students kept their eyes fixed (fix) on the screen.
mother, who earned her living (live) by selling newspapers, spent a large quantity of money on his education.
we should keep the students informed (inform)of the history of this period and help them realize the
importance of peace. Without peace, we wouldn’t be living a harmonious (harmony)life.
is necessary to explain your theory at length (long), otherwise the audience won’t make sense of what you are
trying to get across.
first novel published(出版) last year is popular with many youths (young).
needle treatment (treat) dating from the ancient times has cured many diseases.
took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a professional (profession) artist.

Ⅱ
.单句改错
the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation seemed to be less satisfied.
satisfied→satisfying
may be physical and mentally exhausted after a long flight.
physical→physically

wasted much time playing computer games, made him perform so badly in the final exam.
made→making
museum has been completed，but the government hasn’t made it clearly when it will be open to the public.
clearly→ clear
will do everything in our powers to assist you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
powers→ power

III.短文语法填空

There are many reasons 1._______ college and university students often fail 2._______(get) a full night’s of
sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might
not be used to having total 3._______(free) to plan their days and nights. Parties, late?night study meetings, or just
time spent relaxing with friends—these are all things that cut into college students’ sleep habits.
A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching 4._______ science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor
University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and
Cognition Laboratory. He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was
teaching. The class 5._______(center) around why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health
problems 6._______(cause) by lack of sleep. These include difficulty focusing on studies or 7._______(control)
one’s emotions, and increased risk of many diseases.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours’
sleep a night to stay 8._______(health). Scullin found students who slept more performed 9._______(well) in two
different classes, 10._______ he published his findings in two academic publications last November.
【解题导语】文章介绍了大学生睡眠不足的问题，以及贝勒大学的副教授的研究发现。
1．why 解析：考查定语从句。句意：大学生经常睡不了整夜的觉有许多原因。本空考查定语从句，
后面的从句成分完整且前面的先行词是reasons。故填why。
2．to get 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示大学生睡不了整夜的觉。fail to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“未
能做某事”。故填to get。

3．freedom 解析：考查词性转换。句意：他们可能不习惯完全自由地去计划自己的白天与晚上 。形
容词后应用名词，作having的宾语。故填freedom。
4．the 解析：考 查冠词。句意：几年前，迈克尔·斯卡林开始教在得克萨斯州韦科市贝勒大学读心理
学专业的学生睡眠科 学。teach为及物动词，后可直接接宾语，空后是名词，此处应填冠词，具体科学前常
用定冠词。故 填the。
5．centered 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：该课以研究人体为什么要睡觉和由 睡眠不足引起的身体
与精神方面的健康问题为中心。根据上文中的时间状语“A few years ago”可知，研究发生在几年前，故此处
应用一般过去时。故填centered。
6．caused 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。problems与cause之间为 逻辑上的被动关系，
此处应用cause的过去分词作problems的后置定语。故填caused 。
7．controlling 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这些(身心问题)包括专心学习或控 制情绪方面的困难以
及增加的(患上)许多疾病的风险。(have) difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事有困难”，且设空
处与前面的focusi ng并列，形式应保持一致。故填controlling。
8．healthy 解析：考查词性转换。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy
为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。
9．better 解析：考查副词的比较级。句意：斯卡林在两个不同的班级里发现睡得更多的同学表现得
更好，并且他于 去年十一月把他的发现发表在了两本学术刊物上。根据空前的more可知，此处应用比较级。
故填be tter。
10．and 解析：考查连词。句意见上一题解析。由句意可知，两个分句之间是并列关 系，应用并列连
词。故填and。

IV.短文改错
Dear SirMadam，
I’m Li Ming, the middle school student from China. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you
have posted it on the Internet and I am interested in it. I know that you welcome student from different countries
but I’d like to take part in it. I’ve been studied English for 10 years, and I speak fluently English. What’s more, I’ll
be able to tell students from another countries about China and learning about their countries as well. I hope I will
accepted as a member of your summer camp.
I’ll appreciate it that you can take my application into consideration.
Yours，
Li Ming
答案：
Dear SirMadam，
I’m Li Ming,
＼it
have posted ① on the Internet and I am interested in it. I know that you welcome
the
middle school student from China. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you
①a
student
from different
①students
countries
butstudiedfluently
I’d like to take part in it. I’ve been English for 10 years, and I speak English.
①and①studying①fluent
anotherlearning
countries about China and about their countries as
①other①learn
What’s more, I’ll be able to tell students from
①
well. I hope I will
①be
accepted as a member of your summer camp.
I’ll appreciate it
that
you can take my application into consideration.
①if
Yours，
Li Ming