QualComm简介

QualComm简介


目前中国的移动通信制式正在向3G快速 的迈进中。国际电信联盟(ITU)目前一共
确定了全球四大3G标准，它们分别是WCDMA、CDM A2000和TD-SCDMA和WiMAX。
中国就采用了其中的三种标准：中国移动采用TD- SCDMA 3G标准，（TD- SCDMA
为我国拥有自主产权的3G技术标准）中国联通采用WCDMA 3G标准，中国电信采
用CDMA2000 3G标准。先简单介绍下几种3G技术标准。
TD—SCDMA 3G标准是由中国大陆独自制定的，1999年6月29日，中国原邮电部
电信科学技术研究院（大唐电信）向ITU提出。该标准将智能无线、同步CDMA
和软件无线电等当今 国际领先技术融于其中，在频谱利用率、对业务支持具有灵
活性、频率灵活性及成本等方面的独特优势。 另外，由于中国内的庞大的市场，
该标准受到各大主要电信设备厂商的重视，全球一半以上的设备厂商都 宣布可以
支持TD—SCDMA标准。
W—CDMA 即WidebandCDMA，也称 为CDMADirectSpread，意为宽频分码多重存取，
其支持者主要是以GSM系统为主的欧 洲厂商，日本公司也或多或少参与其中，包
括欧美的爱立信、阿尔卡特、诺基亚、朗讯、北电，以及日本 的NTT、富士通、
夏普等厂商。这套系统能够架设在现有的GSM网络上，对于系统提供商而言可以< br>较轻易地过渡，而GSM系统相当普及的亚洲对这套新技术的接受度预料会相当高。
因此W—CD MA具有先天的市场优势。
CDMA2000 也称为CDMAMulti—Carrier，由美 国高通北美公司为主导提出，摩托
罗拉、Lucent和后来加入的韩国三星都有参与，韩国现在成为该 标准的主导者。
这套系统是从窄频CDMAOne数字标准衍生出来的，可以从原有的CDMAOne结 构直
接升级到3G，建设成本低廉。但目前使用CDMA的地区只有日、韩和北美，所以
CDM A2000的支持者不如W—CDMA多。不过CDMA2000的研发技术却是目前各标准
中进度最快 的，许多3G手机已经率先面世。
提到上述的3G标准，就不能不提及美国高通（QUAL COMM）公司。高通成立
于1985年7月，在以技术创新推动无线通讯向前发展方面扮演着重要的角 色。
高通以在CDMA技术方面处于领先地位而最为著名，而CDMA技术已成为世界上发
展最 快的无线技术。通过把CDMA与其他辅助技术，如定位技术、网络支持和流
媒体等相结合，高通正在推 动一系列改革，以便为全球千百万无线通讯用户提供
容量更大、更加方便、快捷的访问，以及更加安全的 、令人振奋的新型服务。高
通十分重视研究和开发，并已经向100多位制造商提供了CDMA技术使用 授权，
涉及了世界上所有电信设备和消费电子设备的品牌。
高通目前在3G领域的解决方案主 要集中于CDMA2000以及WCDMA，其产品型号以
及涉及到sensor的简单介绍如下表。( 其中N代表没有sensor接口以及没有录
像功能，如需要camera功能则需外加DSP)
CDMA2000 PartNumber Qcamera Qcamcorder

WCDMA
MSM6125
MSM6100
MSM6050
MSM6025
MSM6000
QSC6065
QSC6055
QSC6030
QSC6020
QSC6010
QSC1100
MSM7201
MSM6281
MSM6260
QSC6270
QSC6240
1.3M
1.3M
N
N
N
3.0M
1.3M
1.3M
N
N
N
6.0M
4.0M
2.0M
3.0M
2.0M
record at 15 fps QCIF
record at 15 fps QCIF
N
N
N
record at 15 fps QCIF
N
N
N
N
N
record at 24 fps QVGA
record at 15 fps QVGA
record at 15 fps QCIF
record at 15 fps QVGA
record at 15 fps QCIF


3G iPod shuffle 拆解(英)
Apple Inc released the third-generation model of its portable music player,
shuffle,March 11, 2009 (US time). To examine how Apple drastically
reduced the size and weight of the iPod shuffle, Nikkei Electronics
Teardown Squad purchased the new model.

The package of the third-generation iPod shuffle
In the package, there were the main body of the iPod, a headphone with
a remote control and a cable to connect the iPod to a PC via a USB interface.
On the main body, we could find only a slide switch to change among the
power off, in-order playback and random playback modes.
While music is being played, the remote control, which is attached to the
cable for the right earphone, is used for any operation. The headphone
jack not only transmits audio signals to the headphone but also serves
as a terminal port for USB connection.

In the package, there were a cable to connect the iPod to a PC via a USB
interface (left), the main body of the iPod (center) and a headphone with
a remote control (right).
Much smaller, lighter
We could feel how small and light the new iPod shuffle is when we held
it in hand. It’s like a small USB memory stick. Its dimensions are 45.2
(H) x 17.5 (W) x 5.3mm (D) excluding the clip (the depth is 7.8mm including
the clip). And it weighs 10.7g. The dimensions and weight of the
second-generation shuffle are 27.3 (H) x 41.2 (W) x 6.2mm (D) excluding
the clip (the depth is 10.5mm including the clip) and 15.6g.

When we obtained the second-generation shuffle, we felt it was quite small.
But we had the impression that the third-generation product is much
smaller.
The third-generation iPod shuffle is operated mainly by the remote control
attached to a cable of the headphone. When the remote control is dangling
from the headphone, sound volume can be increased by pressing the upper
part of the remote and decreased by pressing the lower part.
A button positioned in the center of the remote can be pressed to either
play or pause music. When quickly pressed twice, it plays the next music
on the list. And the triple click plays the previous music.
When the button is pressed down for a few seconds, the iPod reads out the
title and artist name of music. If it is kept pressed down until it bleeps,
the names of playlists begin to be read out one by one. When the button
is pressed while the name of a playlist is being read out, music on the
list is played.

The remote control of the new iPod shuffle. The depressed area in the
center can be pressed for playing back and pausing music and using the

How did Apple realize the voice guidance function, which the
company claims to use the function with the iPod shuffle,

plug-in software called
Apple’s music manager application for PCs.

The voice guidance function becomes available by adding plug-in software
called
Audio data for the VoiceOver function is automatically created by
VoiceOver Kit. We checked the
connected to a PC, and found many audio files in WAV format.
When we played those audio files using a music player application on the
PC, we could hear the same voice that was played by the iPod shuffle. It
seems that the voice guidance function was realized by associating music,
playlists and the audio files with one another and playing them in response
to user operations.

The
stores the same number of audio files (in WAV format, for the voice
guidance function) as that of music files. The size of the audio file is
about 100 Kbytes.
After examining the functions of the iPod shuffle, we moved on to
disassemble it.
After examining the functions of the third-generation iPod shuffle,
Nikkei Electronics Teardown Squad started to break it down with help from
an engineer. Our goal was to know how Apple reduced the size and weight
of the shuffle.
First, we began to open the chassis, but it was quite hard as in the case
of the other Apple’s products. On the chassis, there is a mirrored clip.
So, we tried to insert a thin metal stick into the gap between the chassis
and the clip but failed several times until we finally succeeded in it.

We opened the chassis by inserting a metal stick into the gap between the
clip and the chassis.
Then, we slided the stick so that the gap is widened, and pried open the
chassis. The first thing that caught our eyes was a large semiconductor

package with Apple’s logo. Also, we noticed that there was a secondary
battery in the lower part.

After prying open the chassis, which seemed to have been cut out from
aluminum metal, we found a large semiconductor package with Apple’s logo
in the center of the chassis. We could not figure out the meaning of
mark seemingly drawn by an oil-based felt tip pen.
Next, we moved on to remove the main board. Only one screw is used to fix
parts including the main board. The screw seemed to fix the board and the
headphone jack to the chassis. We removed the screw and carefully took
out the parts from the chassis.

Removing the parts from the chassis
The L-shaped main board removed from the chassis was about 20.7mm long
and 14.2mm wide. The semiconductor package with Apple’s logo is printed
with characters like and semiconductor
package, which measures 8.5 x 12.5mm, occupies most of the area on the
main board.

Samsung Electronics,
shuffle is also mounted with Samsung’s SoC.

One side of the main substrate is largely covered by one semiconductor
package.
SoC, flash memory staked
On the back of the main board, there are a few small ICs (about 1.2 x 1.2mm
in size), two crystal oscillators and some passive components such as a
coil. The first- and second-generation iPod shuffles are equipped with
two large ICs, which are an SoC (system on chip) and flash memory. On the
other hand, the third-generation product has only one large IC. The
semiconductor package with Apple’s logo seemed to contain both an SoC
and flash memory.

The secondary battery is connected by a flexible substrate solder-mounted
behind the main board. The battery is printed with letters such as
3.7V
battery with a power capacity of 0.27Wh.

The secondary battery is connected by a flexible substrate soldered on
the board.
The connector in the upper part of the main board is used to connect with
the flexible substrate mounted with the headphone jack, the slide switch,
etc. The second-generation iPod shuffle, too, uses a headphone jack to
transmit both serial signals for the USB interface and audio signals.
headphone terminal was divided into four areas and is
used for (1) power supply for USB, (2) grounding, (3) plus signals for
USB and either one of the stereo audio signals, and (4) minus signals for
USB and the other of the stereo audio signals,the engineer said. think
the IC, which is located near the connector, is an analog switch IC to
switch between USB signals and audio signals.

The components of the third-generation iPod shuffle. The main board, an
Li-polymer secondary battery (center bottom) and a flexible substrate
(center top) mounted with a headphone jack and a slide switch are stored
in the chassis, which seems to have been cut out from aluminum metal (front
side: left, back side: right).
The area of the third-generation main board is about 25% of that of the
second-generation main board, which is 38.4 x 24.4 mm in size.
The area was reduced mainly by removing operation buttons such as the
playpause button and the volume control button on the main body. The main
board of the second-generation iPod shuffle, which is equipped with a
circular button, has five switches that receive inputs. This is the main
reason for the size difference. In the second-generation product, an
Li-polymer secondary battery is attached to the back of the portion with
the switches.

The area of the main board was cut by about 75% compared with that of the
second-generation product, on which five switches are mounted.

Even compared with the main board of the second-generation product
excluding the part with the five switches, the area of the new main board
is about 30% smaller. This is partly because the SoC and flash memory of
the new main board are placed in one location. When seen from the side,
the semiconductor package looks like composed of two layers. Probably,
the SoC and flash memory are stacked.
Battery capacity reduced to 23
The Li-polymer secondary battery of the third-generation iPod shuffle
measures 16.4 x 12.8 x 3.5mm. Compared with the battery of the
second-generation product, which measures 16.8 x 21.8 x 3.0mm, the battery
capacity of the new product is about 23. So, the weight of the main body,
which was reduced from 15.7 to 10.6g, was achieved by reducing the capacity
of the secondary battery and the size of the chassis.
Apple Inc released the third- generation model of its portable music
player,
drastically reduced the size and weight of the iPod shuffle, Nikkei
Electronics Teardown Squad purchased the new model.