你好吗日语-瓜葛是什么意思

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浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试
英语科技文选试题
课程代码:00836
Ⅰ.Directions: Add the
appropriate affix(es) to each word according to
the given Chinese,
making changes when
necessary.(10%)
1. biology 外空生物学
1.______
2. historic 史前的 2.______
3.
option 随意的 3.______
4. fiction 虚构的
4.______
5. hard 变硬 5.______
6.
module 标准尺寸的 6.______
7. foam 泡沫丰富的
7.______
8. bluish 浅蓝色的 8.______
9.
meter 万用表 9.______
10. facial 双面的
10.______
Ⅱ.Directions: Fill in the blanks,
each using one of the given phrases below in its
proper
form.(10%)
in time be compatible
with bump into embark on do it justice
bound
up with in relation to lead to under way in
the event of
1. Particular emphasis should be
laid on two areas of thinking. The first is ______
the concentration
of research in the
industrial countries, which is giving rise to
economic and socio—cultural
imbalances.
2.
Measuring time also implies situating events
______ each other, in other words, dating them.
3. ______,many things now unknown will become
known.
4. Few general readers ______ even one
of the thirteen volumes of Science and
Civilization in
China so far published.
5.
Eventually we shall be able to “humanize” animals
by injecting them with human genes for
transplantation purposes, so that their organs
will become ______ the body of the person
receiving the transplant.
6. When
production gets ______,a hologram of each newly
manufactured propeller is
superimposed on the
hologram of the defect—free model.
7. A world
made up entirely of erratic electrical gyrations
in curved space requires a bizarre
mathematics
to ______.
8. Unlike most plastics,______
fire, Borosilicate glass will not give off any
toxic gases.
9. Every day, however, we ______
phenomena that may well be unknowable but that we
do not
recognize as such.
10. In both
sexes, trying to recognize rhymes ______ increased
blood flow in the inferior frontal
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gyrus of the left hemisphere, which has
long been linked to language ability.
Ⅲ.Directions:Fill in each blank with a
suitable word given below.(10%)
destroys
turn into death or exactly
compare
smaller addictive to memory
Alcohol
has an incredible power to affect the mind. A few
drinks can ___1___ a sure step—a
stagger, a
thought into a blur, and speech into a slur.
Alcohol also can be ___2___.It can make some
people feel an intense need for a drink, or
many drinks. Years of heavy drinking can even
destroy ___3___,leaving a person unable to
remember new information ___4___ events for
more than a few seconds.
Alcohol’s mind-
altering effects are obvious. But ___5___ what
alcohol does to the brain is not
obvious. In
the past scientists could directly study alcohol’s
actions on the brain only by examining
brain
tissue after a person’s ___6___.But now high-tech
tools can ″see inside living brains to
reveal
clues ___7___ alcohol’s devastating ways.
To
study alcohol’s effects on the brain, scientists
___8___ images of the brains of people who
have used a lot of alcohol in their lives with
the brains of people who have used little or no
alcohol.
Such comparisons reveal that heavy,
long-term use of alcohol ___9___ parts of the
brain, making
the brain ___10___.As the brain
shrinks, fluid-filled cavities called ventricles
in the brain’s center
enlarge.
1._______
6._______
2._______ 7._______
3._______ 8._______
4._______
9._______
5._______ 10._______
Ⅳ.Directions: Translate the following
sentences into English, each using one of the
given
words or phrases below.(10%)
customary stem from save from
persistent instrument
1. 病人持续高烧使大夫们感到困惑。
2. 攀登者身上系着绳索以防从悬崖摔下来。
3.
显微镜这种工具是用来放大微小物体的,从而使人们容易观察它们。
4.
星期六晚上外出就餐是我家的习惯。
5. 正确的决定来源于正确的判断。
Ⅴ.Directions: Translate the following
paragraph(s) into Chinese.(15%)
One of the
prime purposes of architecture is to heighten the
drama of living. Therefore,
architecture must
provide differentiated spaces for different
activities, and it must articulate them in
such a way that the emotional content of the
particular act of living which takes place in them
is
reinforced. Life is a continuous flow of
experience; each act or moment of time is preceded
by a
previous experience and becomes the
threshold for the experiences to come. If we
acknowledge
that an objective of life is the
achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious
experiences, then
the relationship of spaces
to one another, as experienced over time, becomes
a major design
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problem.
When viewed in this way, architecture takes its
place with the arts of poetry and music, in
which no single part can be considered except
in relation to what immediately precedes or
follows
it.
Ⅵ.Directions: Read through
the following passages and choose the best answer
marked
A,B,C or D.(30%)
Faces, like
fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how
it is possblie for us to recognize
people?
Even a skilled writer probably could not describe
all the features that make one face
different
from another. Yet a very young child—or even an
animal, such as a pigeon can learn to
recognize faces. We all take this ability for
granted.
We also tell people apart by how they
behave. When we talk about someone’s personality,
we
mean the ways in which he or she acts,
speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual
different
from others. Like the human face,
human personality is very complex. But describing
someone’s
personality in words is somewhat
easier than describing his face. If you were asked
to describe
what a “nice face” looked like,
you probably would have a diffcult time doing so.
But if you were
asked to describle a “nice
person,”you might begin to think about someone who
was kind,
considerate, friendly, warm, and so
forth.
There are many words to describe how a
person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon all ports,
an
American psychologist, found nearly 18 000
English words characterizing differences in
people’s
behavior. And many of us use this
information as a basis for describing, or typing,
his personality.
Bookworms, conservatives,
military types-people are described with such
terms.
People have always tried to “type” each
other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to
show the audience whether they played the
villain’s(坏人) or the hero’s role. In fact, the
words
“person” and “personality” come from the
Latin persona, meaning “mask”.Today, most
television and movie actors do not wear masks.
But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the
“bad guys” because the two types differ in
appearance as well as in actions.
1. The main
idea of this passage is ______.
A. how to
distinguish people’s faces
B. how to describe
people’s personality
C. how to distinguish
people both inward and outward
D. how to
differ good persons from bad persons
2. The
author is most probably a ______.
A.
behaviorist B. psychologist
C.
writer D. sociologist
3. Which of the
following is NOT true?______.
A. Different
people may have different personalities.
B.
People differ from each in appearance.
C.
People can learn to recognize faces.
D. People
can describe all the features of others.
4.
The reason why it is easier to describe a person’s
personality in words than his face is that
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______.
A. a person’s face is
more complex than his personality
B. a
person’s personality is easily distinguished
C. people’s personalities are very alike
D. many words are available when people try to
describe one’s personality
5. We learn from
the passage that people classify a person into
certain type according to ______.
A. his way
of acting and thinking
B. his way of speaking
and behaving
C. his learning and behavior
D. his physical appearance and his personality
A mysterious “black cloud” approaches the
earth-our planet’s weather is severely affected.
Throughout the rest of June and July
temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In
the British
isles the temperature climbed
through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved
towards the
hundred mark. People complained,
but there was no serious disaster.
The death
number in the ed quite small, thanks largely to
the air-conditioning units
that had been
fitted during previous years and months.
Temperatures rose to the limit of human
endurance throughout the whole country and
people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on
end. Occasionally air-conditioning units
failed and it was then that fatalities occurred.
Conditions were utterly desperate throughout
the tropics(热带地区) as may be judged from
the
fact that 7943 species of plants and animals
became totally extinct. The survival of Man
himself
was only possible because of the caves
and cellars(地窖) he was able to dig. Nothing could
be done
to reduce the hot air temperature.
More than seven hundred million persons are known
to have lost
their lives.
Eventually the
temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose,
not so fast as the air
temperature it is true,
but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of
humidity(湿度).It was
indeed this increase that
produced the disastrous conditions just remarked.
Millions of people
between the latitudes of
Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to
a choking atmosphere
that grew damper and
hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased.
There was nothing to
be done but to lie
breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.
By the fourth week of July conditions in the
tropics lay balanced between life and total death.
Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over
the whole globe. The temperature declined a
little,
due no doubt to the clouds reflecting
more of the Sun’s radiation back into space. But
conditions
could not be said to have improved.
Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as
Iceland. The
insect population increased
enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was
as favorable to them
as it was unfavorable to
Man many other animals.
6. In the British
Isles the temperature ______.
A. stayed at
eighty B. ranged from eighty to ninety
C.
approached one hundred D. exceeded the hundred
mark
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7. Few people in
the United States lost their lives because ______.
A. the temperature was tolerable
B. people
remained indoors for weeks
C. the government
had taken effective measures to reduce the hot
temperature
D. people were provided with the
most comfortable air-conditioners
8. Millions
of people in Cairo(开罗) and the Cape of Good
Hope(好望角) were subjected to a
choking
atmosphere because ______.
A. the temperature
grew extremely hot
B. the temperature became
damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface
waters of the sea
increased
C. their
conditions were too dangerous
D. nothing could
be done with the hot temperature
9. By the
fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were
such that ______.
A. human survival would be
impossible
B. more and more people would lose
their lives
C. fewer people could be saved
D. survival or death was still undecided
10. The insect population increased due to
______.
A. the hot air B. the tropical
climate
C. the rain clouds D. the damp
atmosphere
Under certain
circumstances, the human body must cope with gases
at greater than normal
atmospheric pressure.
For example, gas pressures increase rapidly during
a dive made with scuba
gear because the
breathing equipment allows divers to stay
underwater longer and dive deeper. The
pressure exerted on the human body increases
by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters of depth in
seawater, so that at 30 meters in seawater a
diver is exposed to a pressure of about 4
atmospheres.
The pressure of the gases being
breathed must equal the external pressure applied
to the body,
otherwise breathing is very
difficult. Therefore all of the gases in the air
breathed by a scuba diver
at 40 meters are
present at five times their usual pressure.
Nitrogen, which composes 80 percent of
the air
we breathe, usually causes a balmy feeling of well
being at this pressure. At a depth of 5
atmospheres, nitrogen causes symptoms
resembling alcohol intoxication, known as nitrogen
narcosis. Nitrogen narcosis apparently results
from a direct effect on the brain of the large
amounts
of nitrogen cause under these
pressures helium does not exert a similar narcotic
effect.
As a scuba diver descends, the
pressure of nitrogen in the lungs increases.
Nitrogen then
diffuses from the lungs to the
blood, and from the blood to body tissues. The
reverse occurs when
the diver surfaces; the
nitrogen pressure in the lungs falls and the
nitrogen diffuses from the tissues
into the
blood, and from the blood into the lungs. If the
return to the surface is too rapid, nitrogen
in the tissues and blood cannot diffuse out
repidly enough and nitrogen bubbles are formed.
They
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can cause severe
pains, particularly around the joints.
Another
complication may result if the breath is held
during ascent. During ascent from a
depth of
10 meters, the volume of air in the lungs will
double because the air pressure at the surface
is only half of what it was at 10 meters. This
change in volume may cause the lungs to distend
and
even rupture. This condition is called air
embolism. To avoid this event, a diver must ascend
slowly,
never at a rate exceeding the rise of
the exhaled air bubbles, and must exhale during
ascent.
11. What does the passage mainly
discuss?______.
A. The equipment divers use
B. The effects of pressure on gases in the
human body
C. How to prepare for a deep dive
D. The symptoms of nitrogen bubbles in the
bloodstream
12. The word “diffuses” in para.2
is closest in meaning to ______.
A. yields
B. starts
C. surfaces D. travels
13.
What happens to nitrogen in body tissues if a
diver ascends too quickly ?______.
A. It forms
bubbles. B. It goes directly to the brain.
C. It is reabsorbed by the lungs. D. It has
a narcotic effect.
14. It can be inferred from
the passage that which of the following presents
the greatest danger to a
diver?______.
A.
Pressurized helium B. Nitrogen diffusion
C.
Nitrogen bubbles D. An air embolism
15.
What should a diver do when ascending?______
A. Rise slowly B. Breathe faster
C.
Relax completely D. Breathe helium
Ⅶ.Passage-writing.(15%)
Directions: Write
a passage (150-200 words) in English on “Space and
Travel”.Your essay
should cover these three
points:
(1)科技发展改变了人们的时空观
(2)人类热衷于太空计划的一些原因
(3)我个人对太空旅游的看法
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