自考英语科技文选试题及答案解析7月浙江

…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐…………………………… …………………

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试
英语科技文选试题
课程代码：00836
Ⅰ.Directions: Add the appropriate affix(es) to each word according to the given Chinese,
making changes when necessary.(10%)
1. biology 外空生物学 1.______
2. historic 史前的 2.______
3. option 随意的 3.______
4. fiction 虚构的 4.______
5. hard 变硬 5.______
6. module 标准尺寸的 6.______
7. foam 泡沫丰富的 7.______
8. bluish 浅蓝色的 8.______
9. meter 万用表 9.______
10. facial 双面的 10.______
Ⅱ.Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given phrases below in its proper
form.(10%)
in time be compatible with bump into embark on do it justice
bound up with in relation to lead to under way in the event of
1. Particular emphasis should be laid on two areas of thinking. The first is ______ the concentration
of research in the industrial countries, which is giving rise to economic and socio—cultural
imbalances.
2. Measuring time also implies situating events ______ each other, in other words, dating them.
3. ______,many things now unknown will become known.
4. Few general readers ______ even one of the thirteen volumes of Science and Civilization in
China so far published.
5. Eventually we shall be able to “humanize” animals by injecting them with human genes for
transplantation purposes, so that their organs will become ______ the body of the person
receiving the transplant.
6. When production gets ______,a hologram of each newly manufactured propeller is
superimposed on the hologram of the defect—free model.
7. A world made up entirely of erratic electrical gyrations in curved space requires a bizarre
mathematics to ______.
8. Unlike most plastics,______ fire, Borosilicate glass will not give off any toxic gases.
9. Every day, however, we ______ phenomena that may well be unknowable but that we do not
recognize as such.
10. In both sexes, trying to recognize rhymes ______ increased blood flow in the inferior frontal
1

< br>…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐……………………………………… ………
gyrus of the left hemisphere, which has long been linked to language ability.
Ⅲ.Directions:Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below.(10%)
destroys turn into death or exactly
compare smaller addictive to memory
Alcohol has an incredible power to affect the mind. A few drinks can ___1___ a sure step—a
stagger, a thought into a blur, and speech into a slur.
Alcohol also can be ___2___.It can make some people feel an intense need for a drink, or
many drinks. Years of heavy drinking can even destroy ___3___,leaving a person unable to
remember new information ___4___ events for more than a few seconds.
Alcohol’s mind- altering effects are obvious. But ___5___ what alcohol does to the brain is not
obvious. In the past scientists could directly study alcohol’s actions on the brain only by examining
brain tissue after a person’s ___6___.But now high-tech tools can ″see inside living brains to
reveal clues ___7___ alcohol’s devastating ways.
To study alcohol’s effects on the brain, scientists ___8___ images of the brains of people who
have used a lot of alcohol in their lives with the brains of people who have used little or no alcohol.
Such comparisons reveal that heavy, long-term use of alcohol ___9___ parts of the brain, making
the brain ___10___.As the brain shrinks, fluid-filled cavities called ventricles in the brain’s center
enlarge.
1._______ 6._______
2._______ 7._______
3._______ 8._______
4._______ 9._______
5._______ 10._______
Ⅳ.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given
words or phrases below.(10%)
customary stem from save from persistent instrument
1. 病人持续高烧使大夫们感到困惑。
2. 攀登者身上系着绳索以防从悬崖摔下来。
3. 显微镜这种工具是用来放大微小物体的，从而使人们容易观察它们。
4. 星期六晚上外出就餐是我家的习惯。
5. 正确的决定来源于正确的判断。
Ⅴ.Directions: Translate the following paragraph(s) into Chinese.(15%)
One of the prime purposes of architecture is to heighten the drama of living. Therefore,
architecture must provide differentiated spaces for different activities, and it must articulate them in
such a way that the emotional content of the particular act of living which takes place in them is
reinforced. Life is a continuous flow of experience; each act or moment of time is preceded by a
previous experience and becomes the threshold for the experiences to come. If we acknowledge
that an objective of life is the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences, then
the relationship of spaces to one another, as experienced over time, becomes a major design
2

…………………………………………… ……………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………
problem. When viewed in this way, architecture takes its place with the arts of poetry and music, in
which no single part can be considered except in relation to what immediately precedes or follows
it.
Ⅵ.Directions: Read through the following passages and choose the best answer marked
A,B,C or D.(30%)
Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possblie for us to recognize
people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face
different from another. Yet a very young child—or even an animal, such as a pigeon can learn to
recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we
mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different
from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s
personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe
what a “nice face” looked like, you probably would have a diffcult time doing so. But if you were
asked to describle a “nice person,”you might begin to think about someone who was kind,
considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon all ports, an
American psychologist, found nearly 18 000 English words characterizing differences in people’s
behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality.
Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to
show the audience whether they played the villain’s(坏人) or the hero’s role. In fact, the words
“person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”.Today, most
television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the
“bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
1. The main idea of this passage is ______.
A. how to distinguish people’s faces
B. how to describe people’s personality
C. how to distinguish people both inward and outward
D. how to differ good persons from bad persons
2. The author is most probably a ______.
A. behaviorist B. psychologist
C. writer D. sociologist
3. Which of the following is NOT true?______.
A. Different people may have different personalities.
B. People differ from each in appearance.
C. People can learn to recognize faces.
D. People can describe all the features of others.
4. The reason why it is easier to describe a person’s personality in words than his face is that
3

…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………… ……………………………
______.
A. a person’s face is more complex than his personality
B. a person’s personality is easily distinguished
C. people’s personalities are very alike
D. many words are available when people try to describe one’s personality
5. We learn from the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to ______.
A. his way of acting and thinking
B. his way of speaking and behaving
C. his learning and behavior
D. his physical appearance and his personality

A mysterious “black cloud” approaches the earth－our planet’s weather is severely affected.
Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British
isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the
hundred mark. People complained, but there was no serious disaster.
The death number in the ed quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units
that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human
endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on
end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred.
Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics(热带地区) as may be judged from
the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of Man himself
was only possible because of the caves and cellars(地窖) he was able to dig. Nothing could be done
to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost
their lives.
Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air
temperature it is true, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity(湿度).It was
indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people
between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere
that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to
be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.
By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death.
Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little,
due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Sun’s radiation back into space. But conditions
could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The
insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them
as it was unfavorable to Man many other animals.
6. In the British Isles the temperature ______.
A. stayed at eighty B. ranged from eighty to ninety
C. approached one hundred D. exceeded the hundred mark
4

…………………………………………………………精品自学考 试资料推荐………………………………………………

7. Few people in the United States lost their lives because ______.
A. the temperature was tolerable
B. people remained indoors for weeks
C. the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperature
D. people were provided with the most comfortable air-conditioners
8. Millions of people in Cairo(开罗) and the Cape of Good Hope(好望角) were subjected to a
choking atmosphere because ______.
A. the temperature grew extremely hot
B. the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea
increased
C. their conditions were too dangerous
D. nothing could be done with the hot temperature
9. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that ______.
A. human survival would be impossible
B. more and more people would lose their lives
C. fewer people could be saved
D. survival or death was still undecided
10. The insect population increased due to ______.
A. the hot air B. the tropical climate
C. the rain clouds D. the damp atmosphere

Under certain circumstances, the human body must cope with gases at greater than normal
atmospheric pressure. For example, gas pressures increase rapidly during a dive made with scuba
gear because the breathing equipment allows divers to stay underwater longer and dive deeper. The
pressure exerted on the human body increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters of depth in
seawater, so that at 30 meters in seawater a diver is exposed to a pressure of about 4 atmospheres.
The pressure of the gases being breathed must equal the external pressure applied to the body,
otherwise breathing is very difficult. Therefore all of the gases in the air breathed by a scuba diver
at 40 meters are present at five times their usual pressure. Nitrogen, which composes 80 percent of
the air we breathe, usually causes a balmy feeling of well being at this pressure. At a depth of 5
atmospheres, nitrogen causes symptoms resembling alcohol intoxication, known as nitrogen
narcosis. Nitrogen narcosis apparently results from a direct effect on the brain of the large amounts
of nitrogen cause under these pressures helium does not exert a similar narcotic effect.
As a scuba diver descends, the pressure of nitrogen in the lungs increases. Nitrogen then
diffuses from the lungs to the blood, and from the blood to body tissues. The reverse occurs when
the diver surfaces; the nitrogen pressure in the lungs falls and the nitrogen diffuses from the tissues
into the blood, and from the blood into the lungs. If the return to the surface is too rapid, nitrogen
in the tissues and blood cannot diffuse out repidly enough and nitrogen bubbles are formed. They
5

…………………………………………………………精品自学考 试资料推荐………………………………………………
can cause severe pains, particularly around the joints.
Another complication may result if the breath is held during ascent. During ascent from a
depth of 10 meters, the volume of air in the lungs will double because the air pressure at the surface
is only half of what it was at 10 meters. This change in volume may cause the lungs to distend and
even rupture. This condition is called air embolism. To avoid this event, a diver must ascend slowly,
never at a rate exceeding the rise of the exhaled air bubbles, and must exhale during ascent.
11. What does the passage mainly discuss?______.
A. The equipment divers use
B. The effects of pressure on gases in the human body
C. How to prepare for a deep dive
D. The symptoms of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream
12. The word “diffuses” in para.2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. yields B. starts
C. surfaces D. travels
13. What happens to nitrogen in body tissues if a diver ascends too quickly ?______.
A. It forms bubbles. B. It goes directly to the brain.
C. It is reabsorbed by the lungs. D. It has a narcotic effect.
14. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following presents the greatest danger to a
diver?______.
A. Pressurized helium B. Nitrogen diffusion
C. Nitrogen bubbles D. An air embolism
15. What should a diver do when ascending?______
A. Rise slowly B. Breathe faster
C. Relax completely D. Breathe helium
Ⅶ.Passage-writing.(15%)
Directions: Write a passage (150-200 words) in English on “Space and Travel”.Your essay
should cover these three points:
(1)科技发展改变了人们的时空观
(2)人类热衷于太空计划的一些原因
(3)我个人对太空旅游的看法
6