复合句之名词性从句

复合句之名词性从句
概念：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语 从句、宾
语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，
在整 个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从
句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why

1. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
（1）主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether， if和连接代词what，who，
which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词ho w，when，where，why等词引
导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接 副词在句中既保留自己
的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
It is known to us how he became a writer.
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

（2）有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主 语it代替主语从句作形式主语
放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形 式。常
用句型如下：
1）It + be + 名词 + that从句
2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注 意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓
语动词要用虚拟语气“(shou ld) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

2. 宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的 从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句
表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语 动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾
语。
（1）由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接 词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非
正式的文体中常被省去，但如 从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are
good in nothing.
【注意】在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request,
command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定 等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用
“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

（2）用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever,
whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子
语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

（3）用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，
仍保持陈述 句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况
下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；
b. 引导表语从句时；
c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

d. 从句后有“or not”时；
e. 后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

3. 表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句 的关联词与引导主语从句的
关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game.
It looks as if it is going to rain.



That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one
minute this morning.
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，
可用 于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、
i nformation、message、news、order、problem、promise、ques tion、request、
suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
例如： The news that we won the game is exciting.
I have no idea when he will come back home.
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

【注】同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语
时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当
句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient

Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

【基础巩固 理解运用】
1. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.
A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that




D. the fact
2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _______.”
A. from what city does she come from
B. from what city she come
C. what city does she come from
D. what city she comes from
3. ________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
D. that I got
4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.
A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got
5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
D. he has done so
6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________.
A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did




7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.
A. how he is getting along
C. what he is getting along
A. however B. whatever


B. how is he getting along
D. what is he getting along
D. whenever

8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
C. whichever




9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what is the trouble
C. what was the matter
A. that
B. what wrong was
D. what trouble it is


D. that what
10. I am sure ________ he said is true.
B. about that C. of that

11. When and why he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known B. are not known
C. has not known
12. I wonder how much ________.
A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost
D. have not been known

C. the watch costed
A. afraid of
D. the watch costs
D. afraid for
13. Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.
B. afraid about C. afraid that


14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late
B. Owing to a few minutes late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late
D. Being a few minutes late
15. They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.
A. that not all things can be done
B. because of not all things be done
C. being not all things can be done
D. because not all things can be done

Keys：1-5 CDCDB 6-10 BABCD 11-15 DDCCA

1. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had
been careless.
A. for
A. that
B. because
B. if
C. since



D. that
D. whether
2. I don't doubt ________ he'll come.
C. what
3. —“Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”
—“Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.”
A. which the room B. which room


C. what was the room D. what room was it
4. Output is now six times ________ it was before liberation.
A. that B. which C. what D. of which
5. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.
Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved ________.
A. what little she earns
C. for little she earns






B. how little she earns
D. with little she earns
6. ______ surprised me most was ______ such a little boy of seven could play

the violin so well.
A. That…what B. What…that
C. That…which
A. which
him.
A. that B. which C. all what D. all that

9. Excuse me would you please tell me ________
A. when the sports meet is taken place
B. when is the sports meet going to be held
C. when is the sports meet to begin
D. when the sports meet is to take place
10. Do you happen to know ________
A. what size shoes he wears

?

D. What…which
C. that D. this
7. We gave him ________ help we could.
B. what
8. She is pleased with what you have given him and ________ you have told



B. how big shoes he wears
D. what number shoes are his C. what is the size of his shoes



一、 名词性从句
概念：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主 语从句、宾
语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，
在 整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从
句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why

主语从句
名词性从句之主语从句（一）

句型一：That + 完整句=名词
句型二：Whether + 完整句=名词
句型三：How WhereWhen Why + 完整句=名词
句型四：Whoever Which What(ever) + 不完整句=名词

E.g. That education plays a vital role in all walks of life is clear.
Whether you can succeed in making your dream come true depends on
hard work more than luck.
How you think and act will influence your life.
When the sun is shining is the best time to repair the roof.
Why so many people prefer to live in the city is beyond me.
Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.
Which girl you choose to be your girlfriend is your decision.
What we do willingly is easy.
Whatever is at the center of our life will be the source of our wisdom
and power.

【专题练习】
一、运用主语从句表达以下句子。
1、他们什么时候来还不知道。

2、你需要的是更多的练习。

3、我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。

4、她去了哪儿，还不知道。

5、犯人是如何逃跑的是个迷。

6、不论谁来都欢迎。

名词性从句之主语从句（二）
由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常
用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。

E.g. 1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.
= It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.
2. That they should like each other is natural.
= It is natural that they should like each other.
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1) It is + n. +从句
It is a pityshame that... 遗憾的是……
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…
It is a fact that… …是事实
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
*_______________(很遗憾)we lost the match.
*______________(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.
2) It is + adj. +从句
It’s certain that… 肯定…
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is obvious that… 很明显…
It is necessary important natural... that…
*_________________(很可能)she will come back tomorrow.
*_________________(很明显)this measure is effective.
3) It +不及物动词+从句
It happened that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…
*________________(刚好)I came into the office at that time.
*____________________(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.
4) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……

*___________________(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.
*_________________(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more
exercise.

【专题练习】运用it 作形式主语的主语从句表达以下句子。
1、很遗憾我没有早点想到这事。

2、很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。

3、恰好那天我不在那里。

4、据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。

5、有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。

6、他一定会取胜。


表语从句
1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1) 从属连词that。在从句中不做成分。如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
【注】从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever,
whichever在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。如：
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
(4) 连接副词 where, when, how, why。
The question is whether they will be able to help us.
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

What I wonder is when he left.
This is where they once lived.
(5) 连词because可引导表语从句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much.
It's just because he doesn't know her.

【练习】
1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because B. that C. for D. because of
3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where B. there C. there where D. where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get B. what we can get
C. who we can get D. that we can get
5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D.不填
6. The reason is_________I missed the bus.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
A. that B. like C. as D. as though

DBAC CACD
宾语从句
概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。

一、连词（引导词）
? 陈述句： that
? 一般疑问句 ： whether或if
? 特殊疑问句：what, who, whom, which, whose
when, where, how, why

1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导 ，因为that
在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省
略。
? Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
? She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.

2. 当宾语 从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因
为ifwhether 翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。
? Lily wanted to know if whether her grandma liked the handbag .
? Let’s see if whether we can find out some information about that city .

3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）
或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接 副词在从句
中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。
? Do you know what he said just now ?
? I don’t remember when we arrived .
? I asked him where I could get so much money .
? Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .
【注】带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
? Please tell us how soon you will be ready .
? Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?

二、时态
1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），
从句的时态可 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，
现在完成时等）
? I know he lives here .
? I know he lived here ten years ago .
? I have heard that he will come tomorrow .

2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行 时），那么从句的时态
一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，
过去完成时）

? I knew who lived here.
? I saw she was talking with her mother.
? He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.
? He said that he had seen it .

3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
? The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.

三、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

【基础巩固 理解运用】
1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter.
A. either B. that C. weather D. whether
2. We don't know ______ they did it .
A. how B. who C. what D. which
3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time .
A. that B. if C. when D. what time
4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or
not .
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
5. I wonder _______ he is crying now .
A. that B. why C. how D. when
6. Have you found out ______ we can do on Hainan Island ?
A. what B. how C. if D. whether
7. Lily said _______ she had finished her composition .
A. if B. that C. when D. where
8. I don’t know ______ he still lives here .
A. where B. what C. when D. whether

DABC BABD
同位语从句?
1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2. 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply,

report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on
Russia.
【注】（1）同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.
（2）连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可
引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our
summer vacation.

3．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语
时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当
句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient
Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
?
【练习】?
fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.

fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.

news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.

suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
C.
5.I have no idea ____ he will start.
D.
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be

held tomorrow.
r
thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.

order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
r
nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would
die of the disease.
which
often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
r

1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
?