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英语十二个月背后的故事

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2020-11-02 15:07
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英语十二个月背后的故事

英语十二个月背后的故事


英语老师骆军


2016-08-23 22:19:40

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1January 一月January is named after the Roman god Janus,
who presided over doors and beginnings – appropriately
enough, for the beginning of the year (though this is, as you will
discover, not as straightforward as it seems). Indeed, Janus was
usually depicted with two faces looking backwards and forwards,
as is often characteristic of a new year; this also gave rise to the
term Janus word for words that have two opposite


y是以罗马神话中双面神杰纳斯(Janus) 的
名字命名的。他负责司守门户以及万物的始末——作为一年
的开始,他很适合(尽管你会发现 ,其实并没有那么直观)。
事实上,杰纳斯通常以双面孔示人,一面回顾过去,一面注
视未来, 而这经常被视为新的一年的特征;这也使得它的引
申词组“Janus word”(双面词)表示兼有两种相反含义的词。
2February 二月February is ultimately based on Latin
februarius, from februa. In case that’s not helped things become
clearer, februa was the name of a purification feast held on the
15th of this month. February is a divisive issue in modern
pronunciation, with both Feb-yoo-ary and Feb-roo-ary being
commonly ry由拉丁语“februa”的衍生词
“februarius”演变而 来。可能这样说并没有解释得很清楚,
这里再补充一下:“februa”是这个月十五号举行的一场涤 罪
盛宴的名称。在现代英语(精品课)中,人们对“February”的
发音产生了分歧,最 常听到的有两种,一种是“Feb-yoo-ary”,
还有一种是“Feb-roo- ary”。3March 三月Which god gets a
planet and a month named after him? You’ve guessed it: Mars.
Why him? As the Oxford English Dictionary notes, ‘In ancient
Rome several festivals of Mars took place in March, presumably
in preparation for the campaigning season, since Mars was a god
of war.’有哪位神的名字既是一个星球的名字,又是一个月


份的名字呢?你们已经猜到了:马尔斯(Mars)。为什么是
他?《牛津英语词典》上记载 :“在古罗马时期,一些有关
于马尔斯的节日都在三月举行,想必是为了战争时期做准
备,因为 马尔斯是一位战神。”4April 四月We know that the
English word April comes from the Latin Aprillis, the fourth
month of the ancient Roman calendar, but things are less clear
after that. In Old English, April was also sometimes called
Eastermonab, ‘Easter month’.我们知道英文词汇“April”
来源于拉丁语“Aprillis”,是古罗马日历的第四个月,但除
此之外,我们就不太清楚了。在 古英语中,四月有时也被称
为“Eastermonth”,即“复活月”。5May 五月The month is
connected with the goddess Maia. Perhaps less well known now
than the other deities with months named after them, Maia (in
Greek mythology) was daughter of Atlas and mother of Hermes.
She was considered a nurturer and an earth goddess, which may
explain the connection with this springtime month. Although
may is a common modal verb, the month and the word are
unrelated.这个月与玛雅女神(the goddess Maia)有关。与其
他 神相比,也许玛雅并没有那么为人们所熟知,在希腊神话
中,她是阿特拉(Atlas)之女,同时也是 赫尔墨斯(Hermes)
之母。她被誉为养育者和大地女神,这或许可以解释为什么
它是属于 春季的月份。尽管“may”经常被用作情态动词,


但它与五月并没有关系。6June 六月Having conceded one
month to a Greek deity, we’re now back with the Romans: June
is named after the ancient Roman goddess Juno, wife of Jupiter
and goddess of marriage and childbirth. June was also once
sometimes known as midsummer month.前面已经有一个月是
以希腊女神命名的了,现在我们再次回到 罗马的神灵:六月
是以古罗马女神朱诺(Juno)命名的。她是主神朱庇特
(Jupiter )的妻子,是婚姻与分娩之神。六月也曾一度被认
为是仲夏月。7July 七月The first month in the calendar named
after a real person, July was named in honour of Julius Caesar
after his death in 44 BC, July being the month of his birth.
Before it was renamed, the month was known as Quintilis
(borrowed into English as Quintile), which means ‘fifth’. If
you’ve been counting, you’ll know that July isn’t the fifth
month: we’ll come on to that when we reach September and
是日历中第一个以真实的人物命名的月份,七月
的 命名是为了纪念尤里乌斯·凯撒(Julius Caesar)。公元前
44年,凯撒大帝去世,七月 是他出生的月份。在更名之前,
这个月叫做“Quintilis”(英语则为“Quintile”) ,意为“第五”。
如果你数过了的话,你会发现七月并不是第五个月:这一点
在说到九月和十月 的时候我们会做出解释。8August 八月
Following suit, in 8 BC, the month Sextilis (‘sixth’) was


renamed after Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who had died
six years earlier. Augustus himself was given this title when he
became emperor, having previously been known as Octavian. It
came from the Latin augustus meaning ‘consecrated,
venerable’ which gave rise to the English adjective august,
‘respected and impressive’.同样地,在公元前8年,“Sextilis”
(‘sixth’)这个月 以古罗马第一位帝王奥古斯都(Augustus)
来命名,他本人早于六年前去世。奥古斯都是他在成 为帝王
之时为自己改的名字,在这之前,他叫奥克塔维安
(Octavian)。这个词来源于 拉丁语“augustus”,意为“神圣
的、值得尊敬的”,由此,august在做形容词时有“值 得尊敬
的”的意思。9September 九月September follows on from
Quinitlis and Sextilis, in that it comes from the Latin septem,
‘seven’. As with those (and the rest of the calendar), the
numbering is a bit off now: September was originally the
seventh month in an ancient Roman ten-month calendar, which
started with March.“September” 排在“Quinitlis”和“Sextilis”
之后,是因为它来源于拉丁语“septem”, 在这里是指第七个
月。到这里,这些月份(以及日历中其它月份)的排序方式
就有点混乱了:在 古罗马的十月制日历中,September是第
七个月份,那个日历是从March开始的。10Oc tober 十月
More of the same: octo is the Latin for ‘eight’, for that ten


month calendar. Two months were added to the end of the
calendar year around 713 BC, and the beginning of the year was
moved to 1 January in 153 BC.同 理,“octo”在拉丁语中是八
的意思,因此在十月历中,它是指第八个月。在公元前713
年左右,日历年的年底又加了两个月,公元前153年将一月
一日作为一年的开始。11Novembe r 十一月The pattern
continues: November comes from novem, ‘nine’. November is
also, we’re afraid, used ‘with allusion to November’s position
at the end of the year, and to the characteristic greyness,
gloominess, etc., associated with it in the northern hemisphere’.
The earliest known example of this allusive use comes from
Jane Austen’s posthumously published novel Persuasion.还是
相同的规律:“November”来 源于拉丁语“novem”,即第九
个月。我们认为“Novembe”同样也“暗指其处于年末,用< br>以表示灰暗、阴郁等,与北半球相关”。这种暗指性的用法
最早见于简-奥斯汀(Jane Austen)去世后出版的《劝导》
(Persuasion)一书中。12December 十二月And we finish off
the year with December, from decem, ‘ten’. The month also
comes with a brace of adjectives: Decemberish and Decemberly,
the latter of which can also be used as an adverb. And there you
have it: a whole calendaryear of etymologies to see you through
the whole of 2016.我们以“December”作为一年的终结,它


来源于“decem”,这里指第十个月。这个词还有两个形容词
形式:“December ish”和“Decemberly”,后者还可用作副词。
以上就是可以伴你度过2016年的所有月 份典故来源了。英
语老师骆军


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