比比皆是意思-好字成语
全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题
课程代码:00832
I. Each of the statements below is followed by
four alternative answers. Choose the one that best
completes the statement and put the letter in
the bracket. (30%)
1. Words can be classified
into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary
by ______.
( )
A. use frequency B.
notion
C. origin D. grammar
2. In formal
use, “pot” means “cooking utensil”. Whereas, when
it means “marijuana”, it is a
______. ( )
A. jargon B. terminology
C. slang D.
argot
3. Translation-loans are words and
expressions formed from the existing material in
the English
language but modelled on the
patterns taken from another language. For example,
the English
expression “long time no see” is
from ______. ( )
A. Latin B. Chinese
C. Greek D. French
4. The Germanic family
consists of the four Northern European Languages:
Norwegian, Icelandic,
Danish and Swedish,
which are generally known as ______ languages. (
)
A. Hellenic B. Albanian
C. Celtic D.
Scandinavian
5. Which of the following is NOT
the main source of new words? ( )
A. The
rapid development of modern science and
technology.
B. Social, economic and political
changes.
C. Environmental protection.
D.
The influence of other cultures and languages.
6. Which of the following statements is NOT
true? ( )
A. In modern times,borrowing
brings less than ten percent of modern English
vocabulary.
B. Old English vocabulary was in
essence Germanic with a small quantity of words
borrowed
from Latin and Scandinavian.
C.
The most important mode of vocabulary development
in present-day English is creation of new
words by means of word-formation.
D. In
early Middle English period,English,Latin,and
Celtic existed side by side.
7. There are
______ free morphemic words in the following
words:worker, car, impossible,anger,
politely. ( )
A. 2
C. 4
B. 3
D. 5
8. There isare ______
stem(s)in the word“internationalists” ( )
A 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
9. The past tense
marker“-ed”is pronounced astin the following words
EXCEPT
______.( )
A. enabled B.
worked
C. jumped D. helped
10. The most
productive ways of word-formation in modern
English are the following EXCEPT
______.(
)
A. affixation B. compounding
C.
conversion D. blending
11. The formation of
new words by joining two or more stems is called
______. ( )
A. clipping B. compounding
C. acronymy D. back-formation
12. The
word “pop” belongs to ______ clipping. ( )
A. front B. back
C. front and back D.
phrase
13. The ______ meaning of words usually
shows the attitude of approval of the speaker. (
)
A. affective B. appreciative
C.
pejorative D. connotative
14. Which of the
following is NOT one of the associative meaning of
a word? ( )
A. Grammatical meaning. B.
Stylistic meaning.
C. Collocative meaning. D.
Connotative meaning.
15. ______ motivation
explains the connection between the literal sense
and figurative sense of
the word.( )
A. Morphological B. Onomatopoeic
C.
Semantic D. Etymological
16. Antonyms are
classified on the basis of ______ opposition. (
)
A. semantic B. euphemistic
C. idiomatic
D. grammatical
17. Lion,elephant,tiger,
turtle,sheep and snake are ______ of animal. (
)
A. hyponyms B. synonyms
C.
collocation D. denomination
18. As far as
denotation is concerned,relative synonyms may
differ ______.( )
A. in the diachronic
approach B. in the stylistic and emotive
colouring of words
C. in usage in simple terms
D. in the range and intensity of meaning
19.
Borrowing has caused word-meaning changes,as
indicated in“______ formerly meant
animal,and
later animal from Latin and beast from French
found their way into English
______.”( )
A. deer B. cattle
C. sheep D. bird
20. There are generally two major factors that
cause changes in meaning,extra-linguistic factors
and ______ factors within
the language
system. ( )
A. functional B. external
C. meaningful D. internal
21. ______ is a
process by which a word of wider meaning acquires
a specialized sense. For
example,the original
meaning of the word“meat” was food and the modern
meaning is edible
flesh. ( )
A.
Conversion B. Elevating
C. Narrowing D.
Formation
22. Which of the following is NOT a
context clue? ( )
A. Relevant details.
B. Sentence structure.
C. Synonymy. D.
Antonymy.
23. The sentence “I like Mary better
than John’’ is ambiguous due to ______. ( )
A. grammatical context B. polysemy
C.
antonymy D. hyponymy
24. In the
sentence“Copernicus believed in a heliocentric
universe,rather than in the geocentric
theory”,the meaning of heliocentric call be
inferred from the clue of ______.( )
A.
relevant details B. word structure
C.
antonymy D. hyponymy
25. “Tooth and nail” is
all idiom ______ in nature. ( )
A. verbal
B. nominal
C. adjectival D. adverbial
26.
Which of the following rhetorical features can be
seen in the idiom “wear and tear”? ( )
A. Rhyme. B. Alliteration.
C.
Juxtaposition. D. Synecdoche.
27. The idiom
“play fair” was created probably by______. (
)
A. seamen B. housewives
C. sportsmen
D. hunters
28. Encyclopaedic dictionaries can
be further divided into encyclopaedia and ______
dictionaries. ( )
A. 1inguistic B.
encyclopaedic
C. specialized D. unabridged
29. LDCE is distinctive for the following
features EXCEPT ______. ( )
A. clear
grammar codes B. usage notes
C. 1anguage
notes D. extra column
30. Which of the
following is NOT true for a Chinese-English
Dictionary (revised Edition) (CED)
(1995)? (
)
A. It is a bilingual dictionary.
B. It
is the most complete and up-to-date, most
elaborately treated.
C. It cuts off the
previous alphabetical order of entries.
D. It
boasts of the quality of the English equivalents
it provides for its Chinese items.
Ⅱ. Complete
the following statements with proper words or
expressions according to the course
book.
(15%)
31. Content words are changing all the
time whereas functional words are ______.
32.
If we say that Old English was a language of full
endings, Middle English was one of ______
endings.
33. Derivational affixes can be
further divided into prefixes and ______.
34.
“Motel” is a word formed through ______.
35.
Words like “bang, pingpong, miaow” are examples of
______ motivation.
36. Contradictory terms do
not show ______, as far as antonyms are concerned.
37. Increased scientific knowledge and
discovery are also important factors that account
for the
change of word ______.
38. Based
on the ______ context, we can determine the
meaning of “Sarcasm doesn’t become
you” as
“Sarcasm doesn’t suit you”.
39. “Sing a
different tune” is an idiom ______ in nature.
40. British dictionaries gene rally use
International Phonetic Alphabet to mark the
______.
Ⅲ. Define the following terms. (15%)
41. creation
42. conversion
43.
homonymy
44. lexical context
45. deletion
of idioms
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions.
Your answers should be clear and short. Write your
answers
in the space given below. (20%)
46. Please illustrate the logical
relationships of the following terms: free
morphemes, bound root,
derivational affixes,
affixes, morphemes, inflectional affixes, bound
morphemes.
47. Prefixation and suffixation are
two subclasses of affixation. Please define
prefixation and
suffixation and explain the
difference between them. Use “polite—impolite”,
“happy—happiness”
to illustrate your point.
48. What are the four main sources of English
synonyms?
49. What are contextual clues? Guess
the meaning of the words underlined in the
following
sentences and tell what contextual
clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.
(a) Their greatest fear was of a
conflagration, since fire would destroy their
flimsy wooden
settlement before help could
arrive.
(b) As the fighting on all fronts
reached its peak, the economy neared its nadir.
V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write
your answers in the space given below.
(20%)
50. Comment on the following groups of words
to illustrate types of meaning of words and their
relationship.
Group 1: “took, taught,
became”
Group 2: “have, has, had, had, having”
51. Analyze and comment on three adjectives
used in the following sentences based on synonym
difference in connotation.
[A] Look at
that little boy.
[B] Look at that small boy.
[C] Look at that tiny boy.
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