阈值英文-ripple
2015上海高考英语模拟试卷
11月78日
语法填空:知识考点如下：
给关键词
不给关键词
谓语动词的时态、语态；非谓语动词4种形式；形容词、副词比较级、最高级
介词、冠词、代词、情态动词、连词，及特殊结构
A
The greatest
thing that gene technology can do is to cure
serious diseases that doctors at
present can
almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart
disease. Every year, millions of
people
_25___________ (murder) by these two killers. And
to date, doctors _26___________
( not find) an
effective way to cure them. But if the gene
technology _27___________ (apply), not
only
these two diseases can be cured completely,
_28___________ (bring) happiness and more
living days to the patients, but also the
great amount of money people spend on curing their
diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits
the economy as well. In addition, human life span
_29___________ be prolonged.
Gene
technology can help people to give birth to more
healthy and clever children. Some
families,
_30___________ the English imperial family being a
good example, have hereditary
diseases. This
means their children will for sure have the family
disease, _31___________ is a
great trouble for
these families. In the past, doctors could do
nothing about hereditary diseases.
_32___________ gene technology can solve this
problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find
the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy
child will be born.
B
For centuries it
has been recognized that mammals and birds differ
_33____other animals in
the way they regulate
body temperature. Ways of characterizing the
difference _34_________
(become) more accurate
and meaningful over time, but popular terminology
still _35_________
(reflect) the old division
into “warm-blooded” and “cold-blooded” species;
warm-blooded
included mammals and
birds_36_________ all other creatures were
considered cold-blooded. As
more
species_37_________ (study), it became evident
that this classification was inadequate. A
fence lizard or a desert iguana—each cold-
blooded----usually has a body temperature only a
degree or two below ____38____ of humans and
so is not cold. Therefore, the next distinction
was made between animals that maintain a
constant body temperature, called
homeotherms(恒温
动物), and those _39_________ body
temperature varies with their environments, called
poikilotherms. But this classification also
proved inadequate, because among mammals there are
many that vary their body temperatures during
hibernation. Besides, many invertebrates
(无脊椎
动物)___40_____ live in the depths of the
ocean never experience change in the depths of the
ocean never experience change in the chill of
the deep water, and their body temperatures remain
constant.
1
Section
B
11选10解题技巧,先分析句子确定词性再根据句意确定答案.
确定词性技巧
1. 确定空格为名词
(1) a anthe n. ,
aanthe adj n, adj. n. , vt. n. ,
即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动
词的，空格处应填入名词；
(2) n. v.,
即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；
(3) prep. n.,
即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。
2. 确定空格为动词
(1) . vt. .,
即空格前面已有名词代词作主语，后面又有名词代词作为动
词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词；
(2) . vi. , 即空格处前面是名词代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；
(3) . vi. ., 即空格处前面是名词代词，空格处后面是副词介词，空格
处应填入不及物动
词，与副词介词构成固定搭配；
(4) . link . adj.,
即空格处前面是名词代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入
系动词或be动词；
(5) to v. ,
即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，
后面应填入动名词。
3. 确定空格为形容词
(1) adj. n. 或n. adj. ,
即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词；
(2)adv. adj. ,
即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词；
(3) linkbe v.
adj.,即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。
4. 确定空格为副词
(1) adv. v. 或v. adv. ,
即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词；
(2) adv. adj.,
即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词
2
Directions: Complete the following
passage by using the words in the box. Each word
can only be
used once. Note that there is one
word more than you need.
A. accounted B.
limited C. commercials D. popular E. overnight
F. helped
G. increased H. symbols I.
though J. talented K. fashion
The
next time you watch NBA playoff action on TV, take
a close look at the shoes that
many players
are wearing . Gone, for the most part, are the
ankle-hugging high-tops that
supposedly
____41____ to protect players from injury.
The
change over the last few years to low-top
sneakers(运动鞋) seems to go against
conventional
wisdom. Strangely, __42___, Steven Nash and Kobe
Bryant, two of the most
__43__players with the
Los Angeles Lakers, aren’t worried.
According
to the US market-research firm NPD Group, high-
tops once ___44__ for about 20
percent of the
US basketball shoe market. Now, the number has
sunk to about 8 percent. Low-tops,
the kind
that Nash and Bryant wear, have grown to 29
percent, from just 11 percent in 2002.
High-
top sneakers are one of the most celebrated
__45___ in modern basketball. After the
1985
Air Jordans so transformed the market, shoe
companies began battling one another. They
put
air pumps in the tongues of their shoes and made
carefully prepared and organized __46__.
“All
of a sudden it became a __47__ business,” Marshal
Cohen, an analyst with NPD group,
told The
Wall Street Journal. The Jordans were excellent.
The market went from being nothing to a
million-dollar business __48___.”
One of the reasons high-tops are not so __49__
anymore is that they were never really very
In
an article in the British Journal of Sports
Medicine in 2008, University of Newcastle
good
at protecting the feet.
researcher Craig
Richards found no evidence that sneakers__50__
injuries. His research actually
found that
high-top basketball sneakers could even cause
players to run slower and jump lower.
Now, the
contest has become a war. Companies like Adidas,
Nike, Converse and Reebok are all
fighting to
create the next “Air Jordan,” and with the next
market battle.
第II卷（共47分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences
into English, using the words given in the
brackets.
82．在美国和加拿大，用餐后不付小费是很失礼的事。（tip）
83. 据报道，政府已经下定决心要解决环境污染问题。（determine）
84. 令他惊讶的是，他的春考成绩比他期望的要好的多。(expect
)
85. 汉语是世界上最难的语言之一，学习这种语言的人就会很快发现自己遇到了挑战。
(c
hallenge)
86. 直到真要出国了，这个年轻人才意识到自立的重要性。
(Not)
注：春考 the Spring College Entrance
Examination
3
III. Reading
Comprehension
Are you a graduate trying
to plan out the best career path for yourself?
Here, some tips are
given on how to go about
it.
A university degree is no __51___ of a
job, and job hunting in itself requires a whole
set of
skills. if you find you are not getting
past the first interview, ask yourself what is
happening. Is it
a(n) __52__ to communicate or
are there some skills you lack? And find out what
you need t do to
bring yourself up to the
level of __53__ that would make you more
attractive to them.
Do not be too
discouraged if you are __54__ for a job, but think
about the reasons the
employers give. Those
who made the second interview might have been
studying the same subject
as you and be of
__55__ ability level, but they had something which
made them a __56___ match
to the selector’s
ideal. That could be experience gained through
projects or vacation work, or it
might be that
they were better at communicating what they could
offer. Do not take the
comments at __57__
value: think back to the interviews that generated
them and make a list of
where you think the
shortfall in your performance lies. With this sort
of analytical approach you
will eventually get
your foot in the door.
Deciding how long
you should stay in your first job is a tough call.
Stay too long and
future employers may
question your ___58__ and ambition. Of course, it
depends on where you
are aiming. If you are a
graduate, spending five or six years in the same
job is not too long
provided that you take
full advantage of the __59__. However, do not use
this as a(n) __60__
for lacking interest or
enthusiasm. Graduates sometimes fail to take
ownership of their careers
and take the
initiative. It is up to you to make the most of
what’s available within a company,
and to
monitor progress in case you need to__61__. This
applies particularly if you are still not
sure
where your career path lies.
It is helpful
to think through what kind of experience you need
to get your __62__ job and it
is not a problem
to move around to a certain extent. But in the
__63__ stages of your career you
need a
definite strategy for reaching your goal, so think
about that carefully before deciding to
step
forward from your first job. You must cultivate
__64__ to be competent for any role. There
is
no guarantee that you will get adequate training,
and research has shown that if you do not
receive proper help in a new role, it can take
18 months to __65__ it.
51. A. input B.
cause C. guarantee D. preparation
52. A.
failure B. key C. introduction D.
contribution
53. A. highlight B. comment C.
fluency D. qualification
54. A. asked B.
refused C. headed D. helped
55. A.
different B. high C. similar D. low
56.
A. closer B. better C. stronger D. poorer
57. A. depth B. face C. data D. test
58. A. character B. personality C. behavior
D. drive
59. A. knowledge B. experience C.
skill D. loyalty
60. A. substitute B.
equivalent C. excuse D. requirement
61.
A. pass by B. switch on C. move on D. stick
to
62. A. part-time B. dream C. secure
D. well-paid
63. A. critical B. last C.
middle D. early
64. A. patience B. love
C. habits D. friendship
65. A. know B.
prohibit C. master D. select
4
Section B
(A).
Iceland,
an island just south of the Arctic Circle, has
fairly mild winters, thanks to warm
ocean
currents. Time your vacation here during the
winter months to take advantage of
off-season
deals.
Off-season means good deals on
flights, hotels and tours. You may also find that
the locals
are a bit friendlier and more
welcoming when tourists aren’t arriving in crowds.
In the winter months, there are less than
seven hours of daylight; thus, chances are good
you’ll catch sight of the northern lights.
Sunsets are also beautiful at this time, making
for some
great photo opportunities.
In
Iceland, winter is the perfect time to hike
glaciers, go ice climbing, explore caves made
out of hardened lava(岩浆) and much more. One of
the most popular activities is off-
roading(越野
比赛) in a specially-equipped “super
jeep”.
Before booking your trip, be sure to
check for volcano alerts. There are about 130
volcanoes
on or around Iceland. Thirty-five of
them are active. In 2010, a volcano named
Eyjaallajokull
exploded, sending clouds of ash
up to four kilometers into the atmosphere. The ash
drifted toward
the UK and Europe. Because the
ash could damage aircraft engines, airlines
operating in the
region were forced to cancel
flights for six days. As a result, thousands of
people were stuck in
airports.
Recently,
another volcano named Bardarbunga has become
active, erupting ash into the air.
Such
events, if large enough, could prevent your trip
from going ahead. So check the latest
volcano
news prior to making your reservations.
66.
According to this article, why are you more likely
to see the northern lights in the winter?
A. They move from rural areas to cities. B.
The weather is more stable at that time.
C.
They’re a special feature of many festivals. D.
The sky is dark for longer periods then.
67.
According to the article, how do visitors to
Iceland have fun in the winter?
A. They learn
how to ski down the mountains. B. They photograph
famous historic sites..
C. They explore the
countryside in well made vehicles..
D. They
spend a week at one of the seaside resorts.
68. What is true about the volcanoes of
Iceland?
A. The majority of them are quiet.
B. Their age hasn’t been determined.
C. All
but one of them are extinct. D. Citizens aren’t
affected by them.
does this article explain?.
A. Some of Iceland’s urban cultural
attractions B. A way to reduce the cost of a trip
to Iceland.
C. Reasons for visiting Iceland
in June and July. D. The average price for a short
tour of Iceland.
(B).
SELF-
REFLECTION OF TEACHING PRACTICES READING,
WRITING,TALKING
School:
Grade(s) presently
teaching:
Please do not sign your name. Mark
the responses that most nearly reflect your
teaching
practices. This is one way to reflect
your practices and how much you got out of it.
Keep one copy and give one to your tutors.
5
Date:
HOW OFTEN:
0=never
3=moderately(3xweek)
1=rarely
4=often(4xweek)
2=sometimes (1-2x week)
5=daily
0 1 2
3 4 5 DEVELOPMENT APPROPRIATENESS:I provide
opportunities for
students to use literacy for
their own purposes using previous knowledge,
developmentally appropriate strategies and
world experiences
EVIRONMENT: I use flexible
grouping, e.g. pairs, small groups of
different levels, small needs-based groups,
and working alone.
KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION: I
provide opportunities for students to
interpret literary and informational texts
before, during and after reading or
listening
by talking, writing, enacting, drawing, etc.
ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING: I assess students’ use
of literacy
strategies using this information
to measure student progress and refocus
my own
teaching.
DEMONSTRATION OF STRATEGIES: I read
aloud to students and write
in front of them,
using literary and informational texts.
READING STRATEGIES: I instruct students to
read strategically, e.g. to
reflect, predict,
decode, question, connect, retell, summarize, map,
etc.
WRITING STRATEGIES: I provide
opportunities for students to work
through the
writing processes alone and with others, e.g.
thinking about
purposes and audiences,
prewriting, drafting, revising, editing and
publishing.
SELF-SELECTION: I provide time
for the self-selection of books for
independent reading in the classroom, and for
book sharing.
DEVELOPING MEANING: I provide
clear targets to students to develop
higher
levels of learning, e.g. What does it mean? Why do
I need to know
it? How will I use it?
EXTENTION OF LEARNING: I provide opportunities
and activities for
students to learn more
about topics of their choice through problem-based
learning assignments, etc.
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
BUILDING
SUCCESS: I structure lessonsactivities that
provide 0 1 2 3 4 5
opportunities for all
students to experience success.
70. According
to the passage, who most probably mark the
responses in the form?
A. Professional
tutors. B. Language teachers. C. Personal
physician. D. Psychological therapist.
71.
According to the passage, which frequency degree
would you choose if you carry out the
practice
in the form not at all often?
A. 0 B. 1
C. 2 D. 3
72. Mr. Kent bears EXTENTION OF
LEARNING idea in mind, he quite often tends to
_______.
A. always set groups to encourage
students to work out something by putting heads
together
B. prepare grade-level materials for
teaching
C. develop students reading skills
during pre- while-and- post-reading stage
D.
provide students with extra learning materials to
further their study
73. Mrs. Grace likes to
share her version of tasks outcome in class, which
could be labeled _____.
A. ASSESSMENT OF
LEARNING B. KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION
C.
DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES D. SELF-SELECTION
6
(C)
A rapidly
advancing contemporary science that is highly
dependent on new tools is Earth
system
science. Earth system science involves observation
and measurements on the Earth at all
scales
from the largest to the smallest. The huge amounts
of data that are gathered come from
many
different locations and require special techniques
for handling data. Important new tools that
facilitate Earth system science include
satellite remote sensing, small deep-sea
submarines, and
geographic information
systems.
More than any other way of
gathering evidence, satellite observations
continually remind us
that each part of the
Earth interacts with and is dependent on all other
parts.
Earth system science was born from
the realization of that interdependence. Satellite
remote
sensing makes possible observations at
large scales, and in many cases, measurements of
factors
that could not otherwise be measured.
For example, the ozone hole over Antarctica--the
decrease
in the concentration of ozone high in
the atmosphere--is measured by remote sensing, as
are
changes in deserts, forests, and farmlands
around the world. Such measurements can be used in
many areas of specialization besides Earth
system science. Archaeology, for example, has
benefited from satellite observations that
reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across
the
Arabian Desert.
New tools for
exploring previously inaccessible areas of the
Earth have also added greatly
to our knowledge
of the Earth system. Small deep-sea submarines
allow scientists to travel to the
depths of
the ocean. There they have discovered new species
and ecosystems thriving near
deep-sea vents
that emit heat, sasses, and mineral-rich water.
Just as important as new methods of
measurement and exploration are new ways to store
and analyze data about the Earth system.
Computer-based software programs known as
geographic information systems, or GIS, allow
a large number of data points to be stored along
with their locations. These can be used to
produce maps and to compare different sets of
information gathered at different times. For
example, satellite remote sensing images of a
forest
can be converted to represent stages in
the forest's growth. Two such images, made at
different
times can be overlaid and compared,
and the changes that have taken place can be
represented in a
new image.
74. The word
A. enable B. require C. organize D.
examine
75. The author of the passage mentions
that satellite observations are especially
effective in
________.
A. conducting
scientific studies of life on the ocean floor
B. predicting future climate changes C.
providing data to determine Earth's age
D.
demonstrating interactions among all of Earth's
parts
76. According to the passage, satellite
observations of the Arabian Desert allow
archaeologists to
know ________.
A).
indications of ancient routes B. evidence
of former lakes
C. traces of early farms
D. remains of ancient forests
is the main
idea of the passage?
A. special techniques
are needed to classify the huge amounts of data
about Earth.
B. New tools provide
information about Earth that was once impossible
to obtain.
C. Advances in Earth system
science have resolved many environmental problems.
7
D. Satellite remote sensing
can show changes between two images taken years
apart.
Section C
Directions: Read the
passage carefully. Then answer the questions or
complete the statements in
the fewest possible
words.
For a sight of an
evolving technology that promises to shake video
gaming to its foundation,
Unlike most video
games, it doesn't rely solely on a mouse. Instead,
its players also put on a
And that's just for
starters. Advocates of so-called
neurogaming（交感神经游戏）say the
check out “Throw
Trucks With Your Mind”.
headset that enables
them to throw trucks or other virtual objects
simply by thinking.
concept in a few years
will combine a wide variety of physiological
factors, from a player's heart
rate and hand
gestures to pupil dilation(瞳孔扩张) and emotions.
Moreover, they imagine many
such games being
developed to improve the health, brainpower and
skills of those playing them.
The
electroencephalography(脑电波仪), or EEG, headset used
to throw trucks and other
objects onto enemies
was made by San Jose, California.-based NeuroSky.
It measures separate
brainwave frequencies
that reflect how focused the player is and how
calm they are, according to
Lat Ware of
Emeryville, California., who developed the game.
The game, which can be purchased
at , costs
$$25, or $$99 with the headset.
Ware, 29, said
it's possible to move a pear or other small
virtual object if the player is calm,
but not
focused, or vice versa. But he said both mental
states are essential to flatten an enemy with
a huge truck, which takes considerable
concentration.
Although only a few neurogames
have been introduced so far and their action tends
to be
fairly limited, the games are expected
to become far more challenging - and multipurpose
- as the
software and related technology
improves.
One concept being explored is to
develop games that adjust their action according
to the
player's changing emotions. These are
measured by such factors as their facial
expressions, eye
movement and skin-
conductance(皮肤导电) levels. Another approach is to
make games that
influence how the player
thinks and feels.
Consider Los Angeles-based
Melon, which, like Trucks With Your Mind,was
recently launched via the online fundraising
site Kickstarter. Melon officials say their first
game--
which challenges players to fold
origami（折纸） with their mind, using NeuroSky's EEG
headset
-- helps people
78. According to
this article, what is the purpose of developing
the new kind of games?
79. The function of
brainwave frequencies measured by EEG made by San
Jose is to _________.
80. According to Ware,
if you want to throw something such as a truck,
you must be __________.
is the new idea being
studied to develop more challenging and
multipurpose games?
(Note: Answer the
questions or complete the statements in NO MORE
THAN ELEVEN
WORDS)
8
11月78高考英语模拟卷对应重要语法讲解
不定式和分词作状语的区别
不定式作状语可以作
1） 目的状语He sat down to have
a rest.他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn
French。 他去法国学习法语。
They stopped to ask the
way.他们停下来问路。
2）作结果状语
He work up to find
everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了to find everyb
ody
gone作work up的结果状语。
3）表示喜怒哀乐的形容词作表语其后的不定式作原因状语
I am very glad to see you.。（to see you
作glad的原因状语）
4）在带有enough或too的句子里，不定式作程度状语
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
5）动词不定式可以作目的状语常用in order to (为了)或so as to
(以便)+do。
（so as to 不用于居首）
He got up early
in order to catch the first bus.。
分词作状语
1） 作时间状语
Hearing the noise, I
turned round. 听见响声我转过身去。
Having done my
shopping , I returned home. 买完东西，我就回家了。
2）
表示原因
Being League members , we are ready to
help others.
Not knowing his address, I can’t
write to him
3)表示条件
Working hard, you
will surely succeed. (=If you work hard, you…)
Given more time, we could have done it
better. （If we had been given
more time, …）
4）表示伴随或方式
The boy sat in front of the farm
house cutting the branch.。（伴随）
He came running
back to tell me the news.（方式）
5）表示结果
The
child slipped and fell, hitting his head against
the door.
分词和不定式作状语一般是不可以换的
动词不定式作结果状语，表示
出乎意料的结果，而用现在分词作结果状语表
示自然的结果。并且，
充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的
主语，而是句子的内容或部分内容。
He hurried to the station only to find the
train gone.
A lot of good land has gone with
them , leaving only sand.
不定式表示原因时，往往置于形容词之后，
表示引起某种情绪变化的原因。
分词表示原因时，往往位于句首，表示发生某一行为的原因。
I’m sorry not to have come on Tuesday.
很抱歉没有在星期二来。
Not having received a reply, he
decided to write again.
9
二.with 复合结构做状语
with 的复合结构做状语：
With＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构作状语,
“with ＋复合宾语”结构中的宾语补足语通常由介
词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、
形容词、副词或名词充当.现将其构成与句法作用归纳如下：
例如：
with ＋宾语＋名词
In the centre of
London there is a tall white building with the
name“Bush House”．
with ＋宾语＋形容词
He usually
sleeps with the windows open even in winter．
with ＋宾语＋副词
One family lived in a house
with very tall trees all round．
with ＋宾语＋介词短语
The teacher came in ,with a book in his hand .
with ＋宾语＋现在分词
In parts of Asia you must
not sit with your feet pointing at another person．
with ＋宾语＋过去分词
He stood for an instant
with his hand raised．.
with ＋宾语＋不定式
With
so much homework to do, I can't go to the party
tonight．
三． 现在完成时常见的标志：
already , ever
,never , for , since, yet , recently , lately , so
far , up to now, till to now ,
until to now
,to date , over time ,over the years , in the
pastlast +段时间,
It is the first time that
从句为现在完成时
四．情态动词（can , may, must, should）
：
词形 肯定式 否定式
must
一定必需
不允许
will
大概；会 不会
shouldought
to表示根
据常规、事理、经验作
should
ought
出的对现在或未来比较
不应该
to
有把握的判断，意为
“应该，理应”。应当
can
表示能力 不能不可能
could
may
might
10
疑问式
可疑的可能
“或许，也许”；也未
可知，也说不定
比may还弱
不可能
可能不；
或许不
比may
not还弱
有可能吗？
语气比
can弱
表征求意见