关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

2020年托福阅读官方评分标准

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-11-02 16:56
tags:托福要考多少分

不期而遇什么意思-说话的拼音怎么写

2020年11月2日发(作者:贡师泰)


2020年托福阅读官方评分标准
新托福阅读考试共三篇文章,每篇12-14道 题,如果遇到加试时从考试的
五篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。在这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加
起来就是你的“total points”。除重要观点题和归类题以外,每道题的分值
都是 1分。重要观点题的分值可能是2分。归类题为3或4分。考试所得分
数范围:0-30分。
正确题目个数 得分 正确题目个数 得分 正确题目个数 得分 正确题目个数 得分
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
33

3
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
19

21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3

32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22

18
17
16
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9

45
44
13
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
30
29
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
托福阅读应该计算实际拿到多少原始分“Raw Point Total(0-45)”,再
参照评分 表,计算最后的分数(0-30)。不同版本的试卷因难度不同有不同的
转换标准,所以新托福阅读是没 有固定的评分表的。
每篇文章700个字,对应14道题目。其中,13道题是基础信息和推断< br>题,每道题1分。最后一道题是小结题,俗称大题,满分2分。大题一般情
况下是6选3,3个选 项错一个扣一分,扣完为止,即在答题中错2或3个
选项,这个题目不得分。
因此,每篇 文章对应14个题目,共15分。阅读部分整体42道题,对
应原始分数满分45分。根据如下表格,将 会给出原始分数与最终分数的对应。


托福阅读TPO33第2篇:铁路和商品化农业
Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century
United States
【1】By 1850 the United States possessed roughly 9,000 miles of
railroad track; Ten years later it had over 30,000 miles, more than the
rest of the world combined. Much of the new construction during the
1850s occurred west of the Appalachian Mountains—over 2,000 miles
in the states of Ohio and Illinois alone.
【2】The effect of the new railroad lines rippled outward through
the economy. Farmers along the tracks began to specialize in corps
that they could market in distant locations. With their profits they
purchased manufactured goods that earlier they might have made at
home. Before the railroad reached Tennessee, the state produced
about 25,000 bushels (or 640 tons) of wheat, which sold for less than
50 cents a bushel. Once the railroad came, farmers in the same
counties grew 400,000 bushels (over 10,000 tons) and sold their crop
at a dollar a bushel.
【3】The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western
trade. In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the
Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans. But low water
made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down
traffic in winter. Products such as lard, tallow, and cheese quickly


spoiled if stored in New Orleans’ hot and humid warehouses.
Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, over the
new rail lines. Chicago became the region’s hub, linking the farms of
the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more than
2,000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of goods shipped by
river to New Orleans continued to increase, the South’s overall share
of western trade dropped dramatically.
【4】A sharp rise in demand for grain abroad also encouraged
farmers in the Northeast and Midwest to become more commercially
oriented. Wheat, which in 1845 commanded $$1.08 a bushel in New
York City, fetched $$2.46 in 1855; in similar fashion the price of corn
nearly doubled. Farmers responded by specializing in cash crops,
borrowing to purchase more land, and investing in equipment to
increase productivity.
【5】As railroad lines fanned out from Chicago, farmers began to
acquire open prairie land in Illinois and then Iowa, putting the fertile,
deep black soil into production. Commercial agriculture transformed
this remarkable treeless environment. To settlers accustomed to
eastern woodlands, the thousands of square miles of tall grass were
an awesome sight. Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big
bluestem all grew higher than a person. Because eastern plows could
not penetrate the densely tangled roots of prairie grass, the earliest


settlers erected farms along the boundary separating the forest from
the prairie. In 1837, however, John Deere patented a sharp-cutting
steel plow that sliced through the sod without soil sticking to the
blade. Cyrus McCormick refined a mechanical reaper that harvested
fourteen times more wheat with the same amount of labor. By the
1850s McCormick was selling 1,000 reapers a year and could not keep
up with demand, while Deere turned out 10,000 plows annually.
【6】The new commercial farming fundamentally altered the
Midwestern landscape and the environment. Native Americans had
grown corn in the region for years, but never in such large fields as did
later settlers who became farmers, whose surpluses were shipped east.
Prairie farmers also introduced new crops that were not part of the
earlier ecological system, notably wheat, along with fruits and
vegetables.
【7】Native grasses were replaced by a small number of plants
cultivated as commodities. Corn had the best yields, but it was
primarily used to feed livestock. Because bread played a key role in
the American and European diet, wheat became the major cash crop.
Tame grasses replaced native grasses in pastures for making hay.
【8】Western farmers altered the landscape by reducing the annual
fires that had kept the prairie free from trees. In the absence of these
fires, trees reappeared on land not in cultivation and, if undisturbed,


eventually formed woodlots. The earlier unbroken landscape gave
way to independent farms, each fenced off in a precise checkerboard
pattern. It was an artificial ecosystem of animals, woodlots, and crops,
whose large, uniform layout made western farms more efficient than
the more-irregular farms in the East.
托福阅读TPO33题目第2篇:铁路和商品化农业
ing to paragraph 1, each of the following is true about
railroad track in the United States EXCEPT:
1850 the United States had less than 10,000 miles of railroad
track.
the end of the 1850s, Ohio and Illinois contained more
railroad track than any other state in the country.
of the railroad track built in the United States during the
1850s was located west of the Appalachian Mountain.
1860 there were more miles of railroad track in the United
States than in any other country.
can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the new railroads had
which of the following effects on farm communities?
new farms were located along the tracks.
s began to grow wheat as a commercial corp.
farmers decided to grow a wider variety of crops.
for manufactured goods increased among farmers.


word in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in
meaning to
.
ant.
g.
.
ing to paragraph 3, in what way did the new rail networks
change western trade?
estern farmers almost completely stopped shipping
goods by steamboat.
western goods began to be shipped east by way of
Chicago rather than south to New Orleans.
o largely replaced New York and other eastern cities as
the final market for goods for the West.
value of goods shipped west soon became greater than the
value of goods shipped east.
ing to paragraph 3, what was a disadvantage of shipping
goods from northwestern areas to New Orleans?
was no reliable way to get goods from New Orleans to
eastern cities.
cost of shipping goods by river to New Orleans continued
to increase.


shipped from New Orleans' neighboring areas had a
significant competitive advantage because of their lower
transportation costs.
temperatures and humidity.
aph 4 supports the idea that the price of wheat more than
doubled between 1845 and 1855 because
price of corn nearly doubled during that same period.
for grain increased sharply outside the United States.
s in the Northeast and Midwest began to specialize in
cash crops.
farmers had borrowed heavily to purchase land and
equipment for raising wheat.
word
in meaning to
ted.
d.
ed.
d.
word in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in
meaning to
for.
on.


red.
.
does author point out that
and native big bluestem all grew higher than a person
provide a reason why people from the eastern woodlands of
the United States were impressed when they saw the prairie.
identify an obstacles to the development of the railroad lines
fanning out from Chicago.
explain why the transformation of the prairies by commercial
agriculture was so remarkable.
provide evidence supporting the claim that the prairies had
fertile, deep black soil.
ing to paragraph 5, the first settlers generally did not
farm open prairie land because
could not plow it effectively with the tools that were
available.
e land was usually very expensive to buy.
soil along boundaries between the forest and the prairie was
more fertile than the soil of the open prairie.
railroad lines had not yet reached the open prairie when the
first settlers arrived.


word
meaning to
goods
cial goods
essed goods
ortable goods
ing to paragraph 8, prairie farmers changed the
landscape by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
ng annual fires.
ng the land into large, regularly-shaped lots.
ng trees that eventually formed woodlots.
g off their farms.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following
sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence
best fit? The problems were not limited to routes of transport.
The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade.
■【A】In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the
Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans. ■【B】But low
water made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut
down traffic in winter. ■【C】Products such as lard, tallow, and cheese
quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans' hot and humid warehouses.
■【D】Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, over


the new rail lines. Chicago became the region's hub, linking the farms
of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more
than 2,000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of goods
shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increase, the South's
overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.
14. Prose Summary
The huge expansion of rail lines in Midwestern United States
during the 1850s had major economic and environmental effects.
uction of new rail lines into the Midwest had been
effectively stopped by the Appalachian Mountains, but by 1850
improved construction technology had made further advances
possible.
lines to Chicago and on to the East made it easier to get
Midwestern goods to distant markets, while growing demand
encouraged crop specialization and led to higher crop prices.
e of the growing volume of traffic coming by rail from
the Northeast and Midwest, the value of goods arriving in New
Orleans for shipment to markets abroad increased dramatically.
to rail lines combined with the development of
more-efficient farming equipment allowed e fertile land of the open
prairies to be used for large-scale commercial agriculture.


ion of annual prairie fires allowed trees to reappear, and
native grasses were replaced by a few commercially grown plants as
previously unbroken grasslands were divided into large fenced fields.
Americans had grown corn on the prairies for years but
had not produced large surpluses because the varieties they planted
had far poorer yields than those introduced by commercial farmers.
托福阅读TPO33第2篇答案:铁路和商品化农业
1.否定细节题:定位句 By 1850 the United States possessed roughly
9,000 miles of railroad track;对应 A 选项。定位句 Much of the new
construction during the 1850s occurred west of the Appalachian
Mountains E over 2.000 miles in the states of Ohio and Illinois alone.
对应C选项,同时由于该句子中没有出 现有关Ohio and Illinois比较的相
关信息.因此B选项错误。定位句then years later it had over 30,000 miles,
more than the rest of the world combined. 对应D选项。
2.推断题:定位句The effect of the new railroad lines rippled
outward through the economy. Farmers along the tracks began to
specialize in corps that they could market in distant locations. With
their profits they purchased manufactured goods that earlier they
might have made at home.意思是说因为铁路建 设带动了经济,农民开始
有钱了,于是就开始买手工制品了。因此就可以推断出,农民有钱了就有了买东西的欲望和需求。
ng, 繁忙的,对应D。


4.细节题:定位句 The new railroad networks shifted the direction
of western trade. Chicago became the legion's hub, linking the farms
of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more
than 2.000 miles of track in 1855.意思是铁路的建 设转移了西方贸易的方
向,芝加哥成为了贸易中心,取代了原先的新奥尔良。因此答案是B。
5.细节题:Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New
Orleans continued to increase, the South's overall share of western
trade dropped dramatically.意思是说因为虽然货物本身的价值在增加,但
是南部的市 场份额却在下降,就暗示了越来越少人的人愿意通过该途径运货,
即要么速度太慢要么成本太高。因此这 道题的答案是B。
6.细节题:定位句A sharp rise in demand for grain abroad also
encouraged farmers in the Northeast and Midwest to become more
commercially oriented.国外的粮食需求猛增,然后该段最后出现的结果就
是价格上升。
orm,变形,对应B。
,建立,对应D。
9.修辞目的题:定位句As railroad lilies fanned out from Chicago,
farmers began to acquire open prairie land in Illinois and then Iowa,
putting the fertile, deep black soil into production.该段的主旨:农民将
肥沃的黑土 投入生产中,题干中的信息是一个具体的例子,表明的是具体的
产物。


10.细节题:定位句 Because eastern plows could not penetrate the
densely tangled roots of prairie grass, the earliest settlers erected
farms along the boundary separating the forest from the prairie.原因是
梨不能穿透草地,因此答案只可能是A。
ses,剩余,多余的东西,选A。
12.否定细节题:定位句 Western farmers altered the landscape by
reducing the annual fires that had kept the prairie free from trees.对应
A选项。定位句The earlier unbroken landscape gave to independent
farms, each fenced off in a precise checkerboard pattern.对应D选项。
定位句 The earlier unbroken landscape gave to independent farms.
each fenced off in a precise checkerboard pattern. It was an artificial
ecosystem of animals, woodlots. and crops, whose large, uniform
layout made western farms more efficient than the more -irregular
farms in the East, checkerboard pattern 棋盘格样式,对应B选项。C选
项错在没有提到planting trees。
13.句子插入题:原句的意思是问题不仅局限在道路运输上,因此我们可
以推 断出该句子的下一句应 该会提到其他的问题,因此第三个方框满足要
求。前面再讲水路问题,后面讲到了天气和湿度问题。插入 的句子正好起到
了承上启下的作用。
to rail lilies combined with the development of more -
efficient fanning equipment allowed fertile land of the open prairies of
the open prairies to be used for large - scale commercial agricultur e.


正确。对应第二、五段,铁路的发展带动经济,农民获得土地,改进农作用
具,提高农作物的产量。
Reduction of annual prairie fires allowed trees to reappear, and
native grasses were replaced by a few commercially grown plants as
previously unbroken grasslands were decided into large fenced fields.
正确。对应第八段主旨,农民通过各式各样的方法改变地貌,发展农业。
E正确。对应第三段主要内容 The new railroad networks shifted the
direction of western trade. Chicago became the region's hub,linking
the farms of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities
by more than 2.000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of
goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increase, the
South's overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.水利交通
的没落和铁路运输的兴起。

烟熏火燎-明媚的拼音


厦门日语培训-日中在线翻译


脊背拼音-die过去式


先天性风疹综合征-arm单词


西安新东方英语学校-decease


transition什么意思-液体分装机


爱心词典-1118是什么意思你懂吗


petition-动的词语



本文更新与2020-11-02 16:56,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/436389.html

2020年托福阅读官方评分标准的相关文章