初三-慢班-秋季班-9-11-句型巩固和翻译主谓一致

浦济 初三英语加油站 2016-9-11
句子成分复习巩固
英语句子的种类
1.1 句子的种类
句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。
1.2 陈述句
用以陈述事实或观点的句子叫做陈述句。（declarative sentence）。陈述句一般皆用降调，
句末有句号。She does not doesn’t have coffee with breakfast.她早餐不喝咖啡。Have表“有”
时，有两种否定式。如：
We do not don’t have any money.我们没有钱。
We have not haven’t any money.我们没有钱和。
1.3 疑问句
用以提问的句子叫做疑问句（interrogative sentence）。疑问句句末须用问号 。疑问句有
一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、附加疑问句、修辞疑问句、感叹疑问句、反问句七< br>种。
1.4 祈使句
用以表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句（imperative sentence）。 祈使句
的结构与陈述句一样，但主语常省略。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。祈使句的主语常为第二人称you。谓语用动词原形，否定结构用don’t加动词原形。
1.5 感叹句
用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句。
1.6 there be结构
there be结构在英语里是一种常见的句子结构。它以引词there开始，后常接动词be的< br>各种形式，再后才是主语，主语之后又常有表时间和地点的状语。它像是一种倒装句，但它
已变成 为一种自然的词序。

简单句的五种基本成分
简单句
a. 主语+连系动词+表语 (S+ Link-V+P)
翻译：
这个故事听起来挺有意思。
她看起来很着急的样子。她现在变得越来越健忘了。
这种面料摸起来非常柔软。 比较： 这种面料很好洗
他生气地看着我。他看起来不耐烦了。
天气变得越来越干燥，不是吗？
b.主语+不及物动词 (S+V)
他们很努力地学习
第二次世界大战爆发在1937年。 1939年爆发了第二次世界大战。
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浦济 初三英语加油站 2016-9-11
意想不到的事情发生在他的家。
不要大声说话，爸爸正在睡觉。他昨天工作一通宵，很累。
c.主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+V+O)
他迅速地完成了修改报告的任务。
下周我们将讨论谁出国参加会议的事。
他决定放弃参赛。他必须尽快弥补错过的功课。
d.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)
能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：
ask, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay, read, save, send, show, teach,
tell, write等。有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。
把你最近写好的文章通过email形式发送到我的邮箱。
他亲自为自己的老师制作了贺卡。
每逢节假日，爸爸和妈妈总会为我们烹饪一顿大餐，让我们好好享受家的快乐。
与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。
to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。

e. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+V+O+C)
本句型中的宾语 + 宾语补足语也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有 着逻辑上
的主谓关系（elect,choose, appoint, make, call, name等词后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语
时，职位名词前不要冠词）
这个消息使大家异常兴奋。
你不应该允许他一个人外出。
别担心，我明天找人把洗衣机修好。
我感到跟你们一家人在一起合作非常愉快。
请保持环境整洁，城市清洁，思路清晰，身体健康。
让他立刻给我打个电话。
1．后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, make, choose, think，elect, appoint等。例
如：
2．后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, find, get, think等。例如：
3．动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况：
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浦济 初三英语加油站 2016-9-11
(1)后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有ask, tell, teach, wish,tell warn, order, want,
need, would like , advise, require, remind, etc
(2)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为：
感官动词：“一听(_______)”、“二看(_______ ______)”、“三感觉（_____, _______ _____）,
使役动词：______ ______ _______)”
感官动词hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补，也
可用v- ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束，后者表示动作正在发生。试比较：
saw a girl _______ on the bus. 他看见一个女孩上车了（上车的动作已经结束）。
saw a girl ________ on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上车(上车的动作正在进行)。
3. help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to,也可不带to。例如：
My father often helps me__________ English． 我父亲经常帮我学习英语。
4. 后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有feel, hear, see, watch, keep, find等。例如:
We found a drunk man ________ on the ground． 我们发现一个男人躺在地上。
5．后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, take, leave 等。例如：
I’ll keep the words in my ________． 我将记住这些话。
B there be 句型
门外有许多人在等候。_____ _______________________________________________
有不少人提前得到了明天的课被取消的通知。
有许多学生回到他们的母校看望曾经教过他们的老师。
有个小狗蹲在门口，似乎在等待着主人的到来。

代词
人称代词 I, me,you,your she, her (主宾格)
物主代词 my , your, hers (形容词性名词性)
反身代词 myself, yourselves
相互代词 each other, one another
不定代词 one, both,some ,any ,other, another,each every , all ,either , neither, none , few, littl ,
many, much , someone somebody, something, anything , anyone, everybody, nothing nobody.
指示代词 this, that, those, these such same
疑问代词 who, whom, what (特殊疑问句)
关系代词 which, that, who (定语从句)
连接代词 who, which, what (名词性从句)
it 的用法
1. 我选了一件外套，它大小正合适我。
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浦济 初三英语加油站 2016-9-11
2. 天黑了。现在是晚上九点。明天是星期二、三、四（时间、距离）
3. 多可爱的宝宝！是男孩吗？（不知性别）
4. hello，我是玛丽。（电话）
5. 门口是谁？是吉姆。（不填确定身份的人）
6. 没有人被允许进入这个地方---- 这里局势非常危险。（情况局势）
7. 我发现没有必要再跟他争论下去。（形式主语、宾语）
8. 我觉得你很愚蠢，不去原谅别人的错误。（It、of）
9. 当别人犯错时嘲笑别人是很不礼貌的。（impolite）
10. 正是这次活动让我决心一定要努力练习英语口语。（强调句型）
any和some
11. 你想喝点咖啡吗？我们问几个问题吗？
12. 如果你有时间，请来看我。any
13. 我们班级任何一个学生都能回答这个问题。
few 和little quite a few, only a few, very few
14. 他们中几乎没有人见过这个人，不是吗？很少有人知道他去了哪里。
15. 快点儿，没有时间啦。
16. 她在这里做导游相当多年头了。
anyone nobody=no one none of us
17. 相信你自己，你比其他任何人在计算方面都好。加油，祝你成功。
18. 杯子里有水吗？没有。
19. 我们中没有人知道他的家住在哪里。
everyone = everybody every one of the every each
20. 每个人都有机会得到入场券。
21. 我们班里学生都读过这本书。Every studentsall ...
22. 参观活动后，每个学生都要记录下自己的感受。
23. 每五天来这里检查一次。 每隔一天
24. 几乎每一个人都体验过失败和挫折。
25. 我们班级同学互相帮助（each other）。我和同桌互相合作。（one another）
another， other， others， the other
26. 她买了三本书，一本小说，另一本字典，还有一本语法书。
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浦济 初三英语加油站 2016-9-11
27. 这把伞太大了，再给我看一把。这双鞋太小了，请再给我拿一双。another
28. 我们还需要几天才能完成报告。another few days
29. 他们一个接一个地传球。、他们一个接一个地走出大厅。one after another
30. 操场上，一些孩子们在打球呢，一些在跑步。
31. 班级里40名学生，30 名住宿，其余的每天乘地铁上学。
主谓一致
1. Miss Huang together with her friends ____ shopping every Sunday evening.
A. go B. went C. going D. goes
2. The United Nations ____ in 1945.
A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up
3. Ten kilometers ____ distance.
A. are quite long B. are quite a long C. is quite a long D. is a quite long
4. – How many students are there in your class?
-- ____ the students in our class ____ over fifty.
A. The number of; is B. The number of; are
C. A number of; is D. A number of; are
5. Look! There ____ playing with the children on Dongfeng Square.
A. are a number of deer B. is a number of deer
C. are a number of deers D. is a number of deers
6. Everyone except Tom and John ____ there when the meeting began.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
7. Each of the students ____ a dictionary.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
8.— Will your sister go to visit Dalian during this summer vacation?
— If I don't go,_______ .
r will she r does she will she did she
9. The Greens ____ France since the spring of 1990.
A. have been to B. have been in C. has been to D. had been in
10. – How many teachers are there in your school?
-- About 150. One third of them ____ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is
11. When and where to go for the holiday ____ yet.
A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided
hobby is _____ taking photos ______ collecting stamps. It's growing flowers.
or and only; but also r; nor
13.— Have you ever been to Hangzhou, Lucy? — No, I haven't. What about you?
do I , neither , too have I
14. Your trousers ____ dirty, you must have ____ washed.
A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it
15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smiths ____ tired of having one examination.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest ____ difficult.
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浦济 初三英语加油站 2016-9-11
A. were B. are C. was D. is
17. The poor ____ happy; but the rich ____ sad.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
18. John and his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
19. Either my friends or I ____ going to the library on Monday.
A. is B. be C. am D. are
20. – Why did you choose English instead of Japanese?
-- Because Japanese ____ as popular as English.
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. has been D. have been
21. To save time ____ to lengthen life.
A. are B. was C. were D. is
22. Never in the life_____ of such a thing.
has heard he heard heard he hear
23. The Chinese ____ peace but they aren’t afraid of war.
A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving
24. Not only _______ to speak English ,but also he learns to write in English.
learns he learn he learnt has learnt
25. Nothing ____ difficult in the world, ____ it?
A. are, are B. is, isn’t C. are, aren’t D. is, is
26. On the east of the river ____ three buildings.
A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing
27 Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who ____ by their teacher.
A. praises B. is praised C. praise D. are praised
28. Swimming in the pool with the children ____ very interesting.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
29. ____ politics difficult for you to learn?
A. Are B. Do C. Does D. Is
30. No news ____ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be
31. John with his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
32. Jimmy’s family ____ a large one. The whole family ____ watching TV.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
33. Half of the apple ____ bad. A. are B. is C. were D. has
34. The singer and dancer ____ yet.
A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. haven’t come D. hasn’t come
35. With the help of people the number of pandas ____ more and more.
A. is getting B. are getting C. got D. hasn’t got
36. ____ that pair of new ____ Tony’s?
A. Are; shoes B. Is; shoes C. Are; shoes D. Is; shoe
37. The number of people invited____fifty,but a number of them____ absent for
different reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were
thirds of the work______ been finished. A. have
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