大学英语四级 121

大学英语四级-121

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：4，分数：100.00)

For the employee, being placed in a position that is comfortable and meets expectations will make
the job less stressful and allow a more positive outlook toward responsibilities.
It beats the alternative, as going to a job that you are unhappy with could lead to fatigue, burn
out, depression and stress. This affects more than just your 9-to-5 routine—it can hurt your
family relationships, diminish friendships, and even make you turn to addictive and destructive
behaviors like alcohol or drugs.
The US Department of Labor suggests that jobseekers prepare for an employment search by
understanding themselves and being honest about what they want and expect. Make a list of things
you like to do, examine your history and evaluate the jobs and classes you enjoyed the most and
why, look over your resume and see what duties your past jobs included, and be honest about what
is appealing to you about the particular position you are considering.
I do believe that understanding yourself and your personality type preferences can make all the
difference when it comes to finding a career that you love, says Roberts, a certified career
management coach with CareerMasters in Maine.
The Labor Department offers several simplified recommendations created for high school students:
If you are good at math, then look toward occupations like statistician, engineer, surveyor or
actuary (保险精算师). If you love to read or write, consider becoming a librarian, desktop
publisher, writer or administrative assistant. Music and arts lovers should look into acting,
visual arts, music or design work. Students who enjoyed social studies can become politicians,
urban planners, historians or human resource assistants.
Other considerations that might be significant: Do you enjoy helping people, working with your
hands, or interacting with nature? Is it your preference to work alone or in a group?
Employees who are unhappy with their current positions, don like their work environment, feel
underappreciated, or believe there is no room for advancement, owe it to themselves to consider
whether changing careers is a practical alternative. Looking back and analyzing their current
situation and the career path they have followed is essential to making good career decisions
in the future, Roberts explains.（分数：25.00）
(1).According to the second paragraph, he alternative most probably refers to ______.（分数：5.00）
aging the employee by means of promotion
the employee chances for further studies
g the employee in an unhappy position √
izing the employee without reason
解析：[解析] alternative本意 是“另一个(选择、方法等)”，在本文中alternative应该是指和第2段第1句开头的
It 所指相反的做法，根据上一段的内容可以推断It是指“为雇员安排一个让他们开心的工作岗位”。因此，alt ernative
这里就是指“给雇员安排的工作不能让他们感到开心”，即本句as后所描述的内容， C是对该内容的同义改写，故为本
题答案。
(2).What do we know about Roberts?（分数：5.00）
has got a masters degree in career management.

works for the US Department of Labor.
helps jobseekers with practical guidance. √
has earned a good name for his outstanding work.

解析：[解析] 第4段段末尾的a certified career management c oach表明罗伯茨的工作就是对人们如何选择、管理
自己的职业提供指导，C表达的意思与此最为相近 ，为本题答案。原文该段末尾的CareerMasters并不是一个硕士学位
的名称，而是罗伯茨工 作的公司名称。因此排除A、B。
(3).The Labor Department suggests that, when high school students are looking for a job, they
should first（分数：5.00）
e an impressive resume
e their past occupations
some working experience
er their own preference √
解析：[解析] 在第5段中，劳工部通过 举例的方式对中学生提供了就业建议，把这些例子概括起来就是：做与自己兴
趣爱好相近的工作，也就是 说，在择业时，应首先考虑自己的兴趣爱好，本题应选D。
(4).As it is mentioned in the passage, when one is unhappy with his current position, he had better
______.（分数：5.00）
t a career management coach
over the feasibility of changing career √
to a more promising job immediately
back on the past career path
解析：[解析] 最后一段第1句建议对自己现在的工作不满意的人要考虑转行是否是一个可行的选择， B是对此内容的同
义改写，故为本题答案。
(5).The passage is most probably intended for ______.（分数：5.00）
kers √
ers
graduates
employees
解析：[解析] 作者在第1、2段首先说明了选择喜欢的职业的重要性，然后向想找工作的人提供了一 些建议，由此可见，
全文是针对“想找工作的人”而写的，因此。本题应选A。
As medical evidence mounts that we are indeed what we eat, consuming a healthier diet has become
almost a national passion in the United States. The food-for-fitness phenomenon began in the late
8s when a U.S. Senate committee on nutrition reached grim conclusion that six out of the ten
leading causes of death—such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke—might be linked to diet. The
government issued dietary guidelines advising Americans to eat a variety of foods, maintain proper
weight, and limit intake of fat, salt, sugar, and alcohol.
For most Americans, what to eat is a matter of personal choice, rather than one of supply. An
excellent nationwide food distribution system assures that fresh produce is readily available
in all parts of the country, regardless of the season. Taking advantage of this abundance, many
people are forsaking traditional meat-and- potatoes and in favor of lighter meals of salads, fruits,
and vegetables.
The single most dramatic change in the American diet has been a reduction in consumption of animal
fat, which is thought to increase the risk of heart disease and may contribute to the high U.S.
incidence of breast and colon cancer. Margarine and vegetable oils have replace butter and lard

in many homes, and half of all milk now drunk in the United States is low-fat. Fish and poultry
are increasingly popular sources of protein as consumption of red meat declines. The food industry
has responded to concern about fat by producing leaner cuts of meat and cholesterol-free
substitutes for eggs.
One of the most significant trends in the American way of eating is the healthful change in
restaurant food. One of every two meals in the United States is eaten outside the home, says
Donna Watson, President of the American Dietetic Association. Restaurants are malting special
efforts to provide low-fat, low-salt, and low-calorie items. Salad bars, loaded with fresh greens
fries
French and burgers the along-side even everywhere, found are vegetables, and fruits raw and
in fast-food restaurants.
Most important, the focus on prudent diet has led to an unprecedented national quest for a healthier
life style. Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and experimenting with new ways to conquer
stress. Eating sensibly, they have discovered, is only one important route to good health.（分数：25.00）
(1).It is suggested in the dietary guidelines that ______.（分数：5.00）
leading causes of death might be linked to diet
and alcohol should be taken as little as possible
diverse foods helps maintain proper weight
and salt should be taken in restricted amount √
解析：[解析] 原文只在第1段最后一句提到关于dietary guidelines的信息，D是对该句句末部分的近义改 写，故为
本题答案。A是第1段倒数第2句中提到的U.S. Senate committee on nutrition的意见，并非dietary guidelines
的内容；B所说的as little as possible与原文第1段最后一句句末提到的limit不符，因此不正确；c的eating diverse
foods和maintain proper weight在该段最后一句都有提及，但它们都是dietary guidelines的建议，属于并列关系，
故不对。
(2).Many Americans no longer maintain the meat-and-potatoes diet because ______.（分数：5.00）
, fruits, and vegetables are more easily prepared
is a rich supply of diverse foods √
diet is not as healthy as salads, fruits and vegetables
e foods vary with seasons
解析：[解析] 第2段最后一句开头的Taking advantage of表明该分同结构和该句的主句形成了因果关系， 这就是本
题考查点，因此本题的答案就是该句分词结构中的this abundance，结合该段第2句可以知道this
abundance的所指与B的内容是一致的。
(3).What can be a way to decrease the consumption of animal fat?（分数：5.00）
less butter when cooking soup. √
ng more milk at breakfast.
more fish or poultry at dinner.
two eggs at most daily.
解析：[解析] 第3段第2句表明要减少动物脂肪的摄取量，可用黄油( butter)和猪油的替代品，或喝低脂奶；A指的就
是前者，因此本题应选A。
(4).What is the authors attitude towards restaurant food?（分数：5.00）
stic. √
onal.
iastic.
s.

解析：[解析] 第4段第1句中的the healthful change表明作者认为餐馆的食物趋向注重健康，再加上该段Donna Watson
所说的，可 以判断作者对餐馆食物的态度是正面的，而因为第1句提到trends一词，由此可推断，作者对餐馆食物充< br>满了信心，相信食物会越来越健康。因此本题应选A。
(5).A nationwide pursuit of a healthier life style began when the American realized ______.（分数：5.00）
disadvantages of smoking
advantages of exercising
advantages of prudent diet √
disadvantages of stress
解析：[解析] 最后一段第1句中的led to... quest for...表明一种因果关系或时间的先后顺序，因此 答案可在该句
中寻找，该句的主语就是造成人们追求更健康的生活方式的原因，也就是表明了人们先关注 了prudent diet，然后决定
要追求更健康的生活方式，由此可见本题答案为C。
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused
their
keep farmers try to and as harmful classified are officially farm animals. They of killing
numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting
consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed
by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox, they kill it or a hunter
shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats
and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly
is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last

brutal
couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is
(残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of

confrontationsaboteurs
(阻拦者). Sometimes hunters and hunt these incidents lead
(冲突) between
to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing
the trail of the foxs smell, which the dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost
as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting
face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party member of the Parliament, Mike Foster,
is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with
dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in
Britain.（分数：25.00）
(1).Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ______.（分数：5.00）
recreation √
the interests of the farmers
limit the fox population
show off their wealth
解析：[解析] 事实细节题。根据第3段第1句的前半部分People who take part in hunting think of it
as a sport可知，参加捕杀的人们把猎杀狐狸当成是一种运动，A与之相符。
(2).What is special about fox hunting in Britain?（分数：5.00）
involves the use of a deadly poison.

is a costly event which rarely occurs.
hunters have set rules to follow. √
hunters have to go through strict training.
解析：[解析] 事实细节题。根据第3段首句末尾说，凡是参加的人都要遵循严格的行为准则，C“猎 手已建立起需要遵
循的规则”与之相符，故选C。
(3).Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ______.（分数：5.00）
resorting to violence
confusing the fox hunters √
taking legal action
demonstrating on the scene
解析：[解析] 事实细节题。第4段末句提到，在大部分情况下，阻拦者利用为骑马的人引错路和进行 气味干扰来干涉
捕猎，B与之相符，故选B。
(4).A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ______.（分数：5.00）
it farmers from hunting foxes
hunting foxes with dogs √
hunting wild animals in the countryside
t large-scale fox hunting
解析：[解析] 事实细节题。文章倒数第2句 提及，督促议会通过一项新法案，将带狗猎杀野生动物列为非法。而狐狸
是野生动物的一种，故选B。
）5.00（分数：(5).It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
g foxes with poison is illegal
ng the fox population is unnecessary
g foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent √
-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich
解析：[解析] 推断题。根据第4段第2句后半部分可知，反对捕猎狐狸的人数在上升是因为他们认为 捕猎狐狸是残酷
的，故选C。
A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch television, the more likely they are to develop
depression as young adults. But the extent to which TV may or may not be to blame is a question
that the study leaves unanswered.
The researchers used a national long-term survey of adolescent health to investigate the
relationship between media use and depression. They based their findings on more than 4,000
adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in 1995.
As part of the survey, the young people were asked how many hours of television or Videos they
watched daily. They were also asked how often they played computer games and listened to the radio.
Media use totaled an average of 5 and one-half hours a day. More than 2 hours of that was spent
watching TV.
7 years later, in 2002, more than 7 percent of the young people had signs of depression. The average
age at that time was 21.
Brian Primack at the University of Pittsburgh medical school was the lead author of the new study.
He says every extra hour of television meant an 8 percent increase in the chances of developing
signs of depression.
The researchers say they did not find any such relationship with the use of other media such as
movies, Video games or radio. But the study did find that young men were more likely than young
women to develop depression given the same amount of media use.

Doctor Primack says the study did not explore why watching TV causes depression. But one
possibility, he says, is that it may take time away from activities that could help prevent
depression, like sports and socializing. It might also interfere with sleep, he says, and that
could have an influence.

Archives of General Psychiatry.
The study was just published in the

Indicators Research
published a study of activities that help In December, the journal Social
lead to happy lives. Sociologists from the University of Maryland found that people who describe
themselves as happy spend less time watching television than unhappy people. The study found that
happy people are more likely to be socially active, to read, attend religious services and to
vote.（分数：25.00）
(1).According to the first paragraph, what remains unsolved in the new study?（分数：5.00）
is more likely to be influenced by TV.
teenagers are depressed by TV. √
r teenagers are influenced by TV.
should be done to help the teenagers.
解析：[解析] 第1段最后一句开头的the ext ent表明电视在“多大程度上”导致青少年患上抑郁症这一问题上答案尚
未明朗，也就是说，电视“如 何”使青少年患上抑郁症这一问题尚需进一步的研究，因此，本题应选B。
(2).The more than 4,000 adolescents were chosen as the subjects of the study because they ______.（分数：
5.00）
free from depression √
keen on using the media
ed much importance to their health
afford the time for the long-term survey

解析：[解析] 第2段最后一 句中的定语从句表明这些年轻人成为调查对象时都没有抑郁症，而这也是本文中唯一一处
提到选择受试者 标准的地方，因此，本题应选A。
(3).What can be inferred from the seventh paragraph?（分数：5.00）
sion is not related to the use of other media than TV.
extra hour of media uses increases the chance of depression.
use of media other than TV doesn increase the chance of depression. √
influence of movies, video games and radio on depression varies respectively.
解析：[解析] 第7段第1句中的such relationship指的是第6段最后一句提到的看电视的时间和患抑郁症的 概率之
间的关系，由此看来，第7段第1句应暗示使用电视以外的媒体的时间长短与患抑郁症的概率不形 成同样的正比关系，
C说的正是这个内容，因此本题应选C。
(4).In the last sentence of the eighth paragraph, It refers to ______.（分数：5.00）
sion
ng TV √
of activities
result of the study
解析：[解析] 第8段最后一句中的also表明该句中的代词It和上一句中的代词it所指相同， 而根据该段的第1句可
以推断第2句中的it应指watching TV，由此可见，本题应选B。
(5).The study done by the sociologists from the University of Maryland was mainly intended to
______.（分数：5.00）
the difference between happy and unhappy people

the relationship between TV and depression
the importance of being socially active
e a happy recipe for all people √
解析：[解析] 最后一段第1句中的a study指的就是下一句提到的Sociologists from the University of
Maryland所做的研究，第1句末尾的定语从句表明了该研究的 目的是为了帮助人们更快乐地生活，对比之下可见D表达
了与该定语从句意思相近的内容，因此本题应选 D。