浅谈六级作文评分标准

四、六级作文评分规范
四六级考试作文部分占15分，四级要求写一篇120字的文章 ，六
级为150字，两者难度相差并不大。纵观历次四、六级考试作文阅
卷的情况，普遍存在着 以下几方面的问题，而这些问题正是考生作文
拿不到高分的关键所在。
1、平时缺乏训练 、没有掌握写作能力。许多考生的写作仍停留
在句子水平上，还没有上升到语篇水平上，因此写出的文章 不流畅很
生硬。还有一些学生的语言基础薄弱，中学所学的语言基础知识在大
学里没能够得到巩 固。
2、对四六级作文的答题方法缺乏了解。四六级考试的题型以写
Argument类 型的文章为主，偶尔也会出现图表作文、信或描述性、
说明性的题目。
3、母语干扰的痕迹非常明显。例如，在1998年1月的作文题
目为“Harmfulness of Fake Commodities”。有一位考生要表达
“别人赚钱有人眼红”这样的意思，他不会使 用“envy”或“envious”
等词语，而是直接把眼红翻成了“red eyes”，使人感到 费解。另一
位考生想要讲述自己买了一双假冒皮鞋，不久鞋上开了一个洞这样的
意思，就写出了 “There was a cave in the shoe”这样的句子。这
些虽然都是极端的例子，但也反映了母语干扰的一个方面。

4、对待作文考试的态度不够认真，存有碰运气的侥幸心理。一些
考生认为作文的好坏没有客观 的规范，分数的高低取决于评阅人一时
的好恶。这是对作文批阅的误解。这种心理反映在卷面上就是敷衍 了
事，不加思索，一挥而就。许多考生拿到作文题目以后没有认真审题、
构思，而是提笔就写。 在写作过程中也没有斟词酌句，严密地组织句
子。在阅卷过程中发现许多考生字迹潦草，卷面凌乱，大小 写、标点
符号等都被一概忽略了。

写作步骤和技巧1写好提纲式作文的关
键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后
确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。 2每一个提纲可以作为文章的
一个段落层次，段落的展开围绕提纲的中心和内容，不能偏离，也不
能任意增减。 3提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。这
需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整 的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为
主题句。然后围绕主题句进行扩展。 4收集材料支持主题句。 材
料可以是事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意
的是，所选材料要与文章 的主题相符，即要“扣题”。同时要具有典型
性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各 个例证之
间的连贯性。


四、六级考评卷者的建议

< br>写作是一项主观性测试，这也就是说，它是由阅卷老师而不是由机器
来判分的，所以大家在写作的 时候一定要铭记写作要有写作对象。四
级的写作对象就是阅卷老师。作文共分为14、11、8、5、2 等五个档
次，但每个阅卷老师最为敏感的却是12、9、6这三个分数。如果一
个考生通篇没有 句子结构和用词的错误，也没有什么出彩的地方，就
应该判为及格分9分。如果出现较多严重的语言错误 ，就要看这些错
误从总体上说是不是无法忍受的，也就是到底要判为6分还是5分。
如果通篇没 有错误，又出现了数处闪光点，就可以考虑打到12分。
文章要获得高分，就必须得到阅卷老师的认可 。要得到阅卷老师的认
可，就必须兼顾内容和语言两个方面。首先来看语言方面。由于考生
数量 大，老师的阅卷的速度会很快，因此阅卷时老师对语言关注的程
度会较高，所以大家一定要尽量减少文中 的语言错误，特别是遣词造
句中的严重错误。
另外，在内容方面，首先就是审题的问题。大家 只要扣紧题目来写，
就不会出现大的问题。抓住题目的精髓是最理想的，但是如果没有理
解题目 的核心，就按照确定下来的主题根据提纲来写也未必失分。比
如2002年12月28日的试卷It Pays to Be Honest，有的考生就理
解错误了，没有理解这里pay就是worth the efforts的意思。万一
出现这样的情况，就只能在诚实的主题下，直接扣准中文的提纲来 写。
虽然完全跑题的现象非常之少，但是漏点的情况却很多，这里说的点
就是提纲中的两点或三 点内容。比如2000年1月的试卷How I Finance

My College Education，有一些考生在谈了诸多途径之后，并没有说
适合自己的方法。其 次，有些考生画蛇添足，加上了与主题没有多大
联系甚至毫不相干的内容，结果适得其反。我们应注意审 题既包括看
英文的题目，还包括看中文提纲(有时还有图画和表格等)。在学习写
作模板的时候 ，我们应注意相同的题目根据提纲的不同，在写作的时
候就有差别。例如提问类模板通常是写对立的两方 观点，而后我同意
某个观点，或者综合两方观点，象2000年6月试卷Is a Test of Spoken
English Necessary除了写自己的看法外，还包括打算，这就是很特< br>殊的，写作时一定不要遗漏。再如办法类的模板在写解决办法的同时，
有的包含产生这种现象的原 因，有的则包括该现象所造成的严重后
果。1993年6月的四级题目My Favourite Programme和1994年6
月的四级题目My Ideal Job均属于原因类文章，但是后 者还要写出
我自己将如何做。所有这些都说明我们即使碰到自己写过的题目，也
要根据提纲的不 同要求作出调整。
在写作文章时，自己到底是同意第一种还是第二种观点是不太重
要的， 到底用什么办法来解决问题也没有“规范”答案，只要言之有
理、自圆其说即可。如果既不同意第一种观 点，也不同意第二种观点，
而是站在更高的角度把两方面结合起来，是一种相当不容易的写法。
但写好了后很容易得到高分。
谈到写作模版，它可以帮助同学们在短时间内学会用清晰的结构来表达特定的内容，至于说语言的全面进步不能仅凭背写作模版来提高。

关于写作模板
写作模版
1．辩论式议论文模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think,hold, assume ) that 观点1.
But other people take an opposite sideviewopinionstand. They firmly
believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the formerlatter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 归纳总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表
决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.


模版2

People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that
观点1, whilewhereas others point out that 观点2. As far as I am
concerned, the formerlatter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not least, 论据3.
To conclude, 归纳总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表
决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。
Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite
side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the
formerlatter notion is preferable in many sensesaspectsrespects. The
reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore, 论据2。

{What’s more Above all} Among all of the supporting evidence, one is
the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that归纳总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.

1对立观点式A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成
X，为什么？B．有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？C．我的看
法。Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the
fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一
个原因。Other people, however, stand on a different ground. They
consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个
理由。 An example can illustrate[ give the details of] this argument
(better): 一个例子。There is some truthsomething in both arguments.
But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition
to the above-mentioned negativeside effects it might bring about, X also
may X 的有一个坏处。2．批驳观点式A．一个错误观点。
B． 我不同意。

Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个
观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。

（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of
them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if
we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错
误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以
下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。3． 社会问题（现象）式
A．一个社会问题或者现象。
B． 产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
E． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious
socialeconomicenvironmental problem. (X has increasingly become a
common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这
种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problemphenomenon. 下
面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has causedhadexerted substantial impact on the society and our
daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论
式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing

us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, (it can be easily predictedseen) I can
easily forecastpredict that more and more people will …
2．图表式作文
It is obvious in the graphictable that the ratenumberamount of Y
has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone upgrownfallendropped
considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches
its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少)
reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphictable. First of
all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important
of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what
will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphictable
will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括
号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).


四六级写作常见句型
（1）用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型 ①As the graph depicts , …
②From the cartoon picturecaricature , we can see that …

③According to the statistics shown in the first second graph ,
④The table shows indicates revealssuggestsdepicts that …
⑤It can be seen concluded from the picture table figures that …

（2）用于句首提出论题或现象的句型 ①Recently , …has become
the focus of the society .
②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our
day-to-day life .
③Nowadays there is a growing concern for …
④Nowadays it is common to hear see …
⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life .
⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the
seriousness of …
⑦It is only during the last past few years that man has become
generally aware that …
⑧There is an old popular saying proverb which says goes …
⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency …
⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face .

（3）用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型 ①Some people like
prefer …, while others are feel inclined to …
②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe

that … ,while others hold that…
③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others , however ,
disagree with it .
④Some people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim …
⑤Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite
opinionviewbelief .
⑥On the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they
feel …
⑦Some people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that …
⑧Although more and more people come to believe … there are still
others who insist that …
⑨On the contrary , there are people in favor of …
⑩There are some people who hold different opinions aboutofon …

（4）用于陈述个人观点想法的常用句型 ①My own experience
tells me that …
②In my opinionto my mind , we should attach more importance
to …
③As for my own idea about … I believe …
④As far as I am concerned , I plan to …
⑤Personally , I prefer …
⑥In my view , both sides are partly right in that …

⑦But for me , I would rather …
⑧My own point of view is that …
⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that …
⑩As regards me , I tend to choose …

（5）用于书信写作的常用句型 ①Thank you for your letter of …
②It is a pleasure for me to invite you on behalf of … to accept …
③Thanks (so much) for your letter , which arrived …
④I am writing to you with reference to …
⑤I am writing to you in connection with …
⑥I would be grateful if you could would …
⑦I would like to know some information on …
⑧It will be appreciated if you could would …
⑨I would also like to know if you can could …
⑩I look forward to hearing from you soon.

（6）用于结尾的常用句型 ①From what has been discussed
mentioned above , we may conclude that …
②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw come to the conclusion
that …
③It is high time that something was done about …
④From all the reasons consideration above , it is evident clear

obvious that …
⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the
conclusion that …
⑥Given the reasons consideration I have just outlined discussed
presented , I strongly recommend that …
⑦It is clear , therefore , that …
⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …
⑨It is essential that effective measures be taken to …
⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive
at the conclusion that …
⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …
⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one …
⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …
⒁ Judging by the figures statistics , it is not difficult to see that …
⒂ Only in this way in so doing , can sth be really …

四六级作文常用句型
一）比较
1．The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2．The advantages of A
are much greater than those of B.3．A may be preferable to B, but A
suffers from the disadvantages that...

4．It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5．For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6．Like
anything else, it has its faults.7．A and B has several points in
common.8．A bears some resemblances to B.9．However, the same is not
applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
二）原因1．A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the
phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...

Perhaps the primary factor is that …
But the fundamental cause is that ...
三）后果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...
四）批驳1）It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more
important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
五）举例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.

六）证明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
七）开篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
8) According to a recent survey, ...
9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
八）结尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion
that ...
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ..

4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
6) To solve the above- mentioned problem, we must ...
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more
problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved
thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause 。 it is important to take
actions to ...
10) Taking all these into account, we ...
11) Whether it is good or not positive or negative, one thing is
certainclear...