阿斯顿英语-圆形的英语
大学英语 四六级图表作文
图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分
,而当前的图表作文大多还有第三个段落。
图表作文的规律性很强,不像图画式作文那样富于变化。
1.首段的写作
图表作文有表格(table)、柱形图(bar
chart)、饼状图(pie chart)和折线图(diagram)
之分,后三种都是属于图表
的范畴(chart)。不管是chart还是table,都需要进行描述,
一般放在文章的第一部分
,长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量(A),每个
变量有几个数据(B),不妨以A*B
表示。
如果只有一个变量,有三个数据,可以描述如下:
From the chart
we can see clearly that the average number of
hours a student spends on
Internet per week
has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to
nearly four hours in
2000, and then to 20
hours in 2004.
如果是最常见的是2*3的情形,可以描述如下:
From
the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city
in China, state owned houses declined
from 75%
in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000,
while private houses rose from
25% to 40% and
then to 80% during the same period.
这里用了while引起从句来突显对比,是一种非常好的办法,如果用两句话来描述,也
完全可以。
如果是1*n(n>3)的情形,将头与尾描述出来即可,比较好的方法就是在句中描述最
后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。
碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形,大家应首先进行分类,分
成上升、下降两类,或
者上升、下降、不变三类,这样问题就迎刃而解了。
2.
第二段的写作
第二段是解释原因的段落。我们谈谈两个问题。
首先是过渡
句这个问题。这里不大可能放在第一段,因为第一段不可能象有的命题作文
那样简洁(如只有一句)--
例如提纲式作文中的批驳类文章中除二段首句批驳之外还有首段
末句批驳,效果很强烈。
其次就是此段的主题句(topic
sentence)的问题。此句或主观或客观并无拘束,只要上
下文风格统一即可。
主观:We believe that three reasons can account
for this phenomenon.
I believe
that three reasons can account for this
phenomenon.
In my mind, the reasons why the
overseas students are on the rise are as follows.
主观之变体(使用插入语,突显主语):Three reasons, we believe,
can account for this
phenomenon.
Three
reasons, I believe, can account for this
phenomenon.
Three reasons, I firmly believe,
can account for this phenomenon.
注意:插入语的使用属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧,可以达到很好的效果。
主观之变体(使用插入语):Three reasons, in my mind, can
account for this phenomenon.
客观:Several
reasons can account for this phenomenon.
在主题
句之后,可以使用连接词分两个、三个或四个方面来写,其中分三个方面来写最
为常见。这里就与普通的
说明文与议论文一样了--可以由最重要的到最不重要的,也可以由
最不重要的到最重要的,也可能平行
分布,依具体情况而定,不一而足。
3. 第三段的写作
第三段
直接写结论的情况已基本没有了。如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题,那
么这一段写解决办法的可
能性最大。
如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化,那么这一段很可能是两种情况--
可能写负面的影响
或存在的问题,或者写未来趋势或发展方向。
咱们看看很像利弊类的情况,如一篇文章的第三段:
上述情况均是依提纲而定,提纲中如果没有第
三点,那么一般说来,若是问题则写办法,
若是好事则写展望,根据具体情况而定。
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图表作文可综合提供题目、数据、图像、提纲,形式多样,但实际上只涉及5个方面:
描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议。从写作类型来看,基本上属于说
明文。
要求考生围绕题目将有关信息转化为文字形式,考生应该具有一定数据分析和材料归
纳的能力,同时会运
用一定的写作方法。
一般以三段式写作方法来组织文章:
1.
第一段总结归纳信息反映的整体情况,点出主题思想;
2.
第二段回答第一段所得出的问题,对数字、数据等做出有条理的分析比较;
3.
第三段做出总结或给以简单的评论。
表格可以表示多种事物的相互关系,
所以考生要对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比
较分析,从中找出其变化规律。
曲线图常表示
事物的变化趋势,考生应认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息,并且密
切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数
字及单位。
柱形图用来表示各种事物的变化情况及相互关系,要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的
高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势,因此考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度
单位及图表旁边的提
示说明与文字。
饼形图表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系,旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述<
br>一个被分割成大小不等切片的饼形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体,
部分与部分之间
的相互关系,这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。
必背模板句型
As
can be seen fromin the chartdiagramtablegraph...
从表格图形中我们可以看到……
The table shows a three
times increase over that of last year.
表格显示比去年上升了3倍。
According to As is shown in
the Table FigureChart...
如表格图表中显示……
The number is 5 times as much as that of...
此数字是……的5倍。
It has increased by three times
as compared with that of ...
同……相比,增长了3倍。
It can be seen from the
chartdiagramtablegraphfiguresstatistics that...
从表格图表数据中我们可以看到……
From the
tablefiguresdataresultsinformation above, it
canmay be
seenconcludedshownestimatedcalculatedinferred
that...
从以上的表格图表数据结果信息中,我们可以看到总结预测计算得出……
A has the highest sales figure in the three
departments, followed by B and C.
在3个部门中,A的销售额最高,其次是B和C。
The figure of A is
about twice as much as that of B.
A的数字是B的两倍。
The rise lasted for two weeks and then began
to level off in August.
上升两个星期后,8月份开始平稳。
It accounts for 30% of the total population.
占到总人口的30%。
The number of students has
reached 500, indicating a rise of 20%, compared to
last
semester.
学生人数达到500人,与上个学期相比上升了20%。
It picked up speed at the end of this month.
这个月底加快了速度。
The pie charts show the
changes on... in some place in 2000.
此饼形图显示了2000年一些地方……的变化。
from this year
on,there was a gradual declined reduction in
the..., reaching a figure
of...
从这年起,……逐渐下降至……
There are a lot of
similaritiesdifferences between...and...
……与……之间有许多相似(不同)之处
It can be drawn from the
chart that the proportions of A and B are going
down, though
the falling level of the latter
is a lot lowerhigher than that of the former.
尽管B的下降速度比A要慢快,从表中我们可以看到A和B的比例都在下降。
The
increasedecrease is more noticeable during the
second half of the 5 year period.
在5年期限的后半段,增长降低比较明显。
It falls from 50% in
2000 to 30% in 2004, and then the trend reverse,
finishing at 58%
in 2005.
从2000年的50%降到2004年的30%,然后形势逆转,2005年达到了58%。
The table shows the changes in the number
of...over the period from...to...
该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
As can be seen from
the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation
of...
如图所示,两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
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常用句型
? 表示说明的句子
1.
As we can see from the chart graph
tablediagram,…从图表中我们可以看出…
2. The
charttablediagram showsdisplays that…如图所示
3.
As (can be) shown inAccording to the chart
graphtablediagram…如图所示…
4. The figures
statistics in the chart reflectstowreveal (that)
…图中的数据表明…
5. The chart graphtable diagram
illustrates describes…图中描述了…
6. It’s clear
from the chart that…从图表中我们可以清楚地看到…
? 表示数据的常用格式
1. …had the largest percentageproportion of
…在…方面具有很大的百分比
2. …account(s) for take(s) up
10%.…占有10%
3. …Compared with A,B has a higher
percentage. 与A相比,B有更高的比例。
4. On the top of the
list is …, which accounts for 60%. 占比重高的是…,占…60%。
5. At the bottom is …,which takes up 20%.
占最低比重的是…,占20%
6. A is second to B. A仅次于B
7. A is rankedrated first, followed by B at
30% and C at 25%. A占的比重最高,紧随
其后的是占30%的B和占25%的C。
? 表示数据变化的常用句式
a.
表示增加、减少和波动的常用结构
1. The number of (private
cars) increased rose
suddenlyrapidlydramatica
llysubstantiallyconsiderablysharplyrapidly
from …to…从…到…期间(私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。
2. There was a sudden
rapiddramaticsubstantialconsiderablesharpsteep
increaserise in the number of (private cars)
from…to…从…到…期间,私家车的
数量有了急剧的增长。
3. There was
a boom in the number of (private cars)
from…to…从…到…期间(私家
车)的数量有了急剧的增长.
4. The
number of (private cars)climbed jumpedrose
suddenlywent sharply
upsoared
to…in…在…(时间),(私家车)的数量猛增到…辆。
5. There was an
evidentapparentobvious increase in…from…to
…从…到…期间,
在…方面有明显的增长。
6. The number of
(private cars)increasedrose steadilygradually
from…to…从…
到…期间,(私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。
7. There
was a steady gradual increaserise in the number
of(private
cars)from
…to…从…到…期间,(私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。
8. There was a
slightslow increaserise in the number of(private
cars)from …to…
从…到…期间(私家车)的数量有了稍微缓慢的增长。
9.
The number of(private cars)increasedrose
slightlyslowly from
…to…从…到……
期间,私家车的数量有了稍微缓慢的增长。
10. The
number of (private cars)decreasedfelldropped
s
uddenlyrapidlydramaticallysubstantiallysharplystee
ply from…to…从…到…期
间(私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。
11.
There was a
suddenrapiddramaticsubstantialsharpsteep
decreasedropreductiondecline in the number
of(private cars)from
…to…从…
到…期间(私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。
12. There was
a(n) evidentapparentobvious reductiondecline in
…from…to…从…
到…期间, 在…方面有了急剧的下降。
13. The
number of (private cars) dropped sharplywent
sharply down to…in…在…(时
间),(私家车)的数量急剧下降到…(辆)。
14. The number of(private cars) felldropped
declined by…% from…to…在…(时间),
(私家车)的数量下降了百分之…
15. The number of (private cars)increased rose
by…% from …to…在…(时间),(私
家车)的数量增加了百分之…
16.
There was a slight fluctuation in the number
of(private cars)from…to…从…到…
期间,(私家车)的数量有轻微的波动。
b. 表示变化不大或没有变化的常用结构
1. The number of
(private cars )remained steadystableconstant
between……and……从……到……期间,(私家车)的数量保持稳定!
1.
描述图表总趋势的常用句型
1) The linebarcharttable shows
revealsreflectsillustratedisplays that …
2) As
can be seen from the linebarcharttable that …
3) It can be seen concluded from the
linebarcharttable that …
2.用于二者比较对比的常用句型
1) A is twice three times
as much as B
2) A is thirty percent higher
than B
3) The number of A is five times as
much as that of B
4) The number figure
percentage has doubled tripled quadrupled ,
compared with ….
4) A increased from …., while
whereas B….
3.表示“上升下降 增加减少”的常用句型
1) A
increasedrosegrew from….
2) There is an
increased a rise an upward trend of Athat….
3) There is a decreased a reduction decline
a drop a downward trend of A that ….
4.表示“最高点”的常用句型
1) A reached a peak of ….
2) A increased steadily, reaching a peak of ….
5.表示“最低点”的常用句型
1) The percentage figure of
A reached the bottom of ….
2) The percentage
figure of A reached the bottom of …., B reached
the bottom of ….
6.表示“波动”的常用句型
1) There is
a minor fluctuation during The percentage figure
of A reached the bottom of ….
Sample:
Directions: For this part, you
are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on
the topic
How People Spend Their Holidays. You
should write at least 120 words, and base your
composition on the table and the outline given
below:
Year
Traveling
Staying at home
1990
37%
63%
1995
51%
49%
2000
76%
24%
1.根据上表,简要描述1990年,1995年,2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况及其变化。
2.请说明说这些变化的原因。
3.得出结论。
How People
Spend Their Holidays
As is clearly shown in
the table that there was a dramatic change in the
way people
spent their holidays between 1990
and 2000. Especially, in 1990, 63% of people spent
their holidays at home, while the figure
decreased considerably to 24% in 2000. There are
three reasons for this phenomenon.
To
begin with, with the development of the market-
oriented economy, people earn by far
more
money than they used to, making it possible for
them to afford traveling expenses. In
addition, people realize the importance of
getting well-informed about the outside world in
this modern era to develop their potential.
For example, a traveler may encounter or talk
with someone of a different cultural
background so as to broaden his vision. Last but
not
least, by traveling outside, people are
close to nature, which is not only beneficial to
both
their health and peace of mind. In short,
more and more people take the occasion of
holiday to travel outside and relax
themselves.
As far as I am concerned, I prefer
to go traveling instead of staying at home during
holidays. On the one hand, I love meeting
different people and take in some fresh ideas.
On the other hand, it is agreed that the world
is becoming a global village. No one could
confine himself within his small circle of
families and relatives. In brief, I have benefited
a
lot and will benefit more from traveling
during the holidays.