英语音标发音规则大全

英语音标的发间规则：

1．开音节
1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例：be，he。
2）以辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例：make，like。
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
2．闭音节
以一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，
称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。
字母a，e，i，o，u 在重读音节中的读法
1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher
team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling
2) [i] 发音字母 i y e

sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy
dictionary defect decide delicious
3) [?] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed
desk hotel yes many any
5) [?:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday
burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world
6) [?] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor
author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together
tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago
elephant manta banana Canada Japan China men listen famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [?] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above
rouble rough flourish blood flood
9) [?:]字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door
floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel
quarter
10) [?] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue
full

12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book should could put full bull pull push women whose
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down
now cow how town
16) [?u] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat
coat goal
17) [?i] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joyoil soil voice choice
18) [i?] 字母组合 eer
beer deer ear idea near here fierce
19) [??] 字母组合ear air
pear bear chair air fair care there where
20) [
u?
] hour tour poor flower shower
2 容易混淆的元音
[
?
] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[
au
] [
?:
]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn

[aU] [
?
]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [
?
] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [
θ
] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [
?
] that this those these though
18) [
?
] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush washnation attention station social
special sure
19) [
l
] pleasure

20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [
t?
] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [
d?
] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June
junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [
θ
] sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [
θ
] close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [
?
] thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
添加一点:
9) [
?:
]字母组合 al or au our ar aw
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door
floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel
quarter draw saw flaw
23) [
t?
] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）
catch watch match （字母组合tch)
5 字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [?] [
?
] [a:] [
?
]
late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent
family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass
class past father wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [i] [不发音]

appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai] [i]
high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [
?u
] [
u:
] [
?
] [
?
] [
?
]
host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other
mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock
office soft honest
5）u [ju] [u] [
?
] [
?
]
University refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket
duck bubble support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [
d?
] [
?
]
girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long
song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [
?
]
moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young

10) r [r]
right read write grade progress
11）y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy
by my
12）ar [a:] [
?
] [
?:
]
farm card garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]

cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow
weather great break idea realize
14) ear [?:] [i?]
learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear
15) er [?:] [?] [i?]
deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience
mysterious fierce
16） ere [i?] [??] here mere fere sere there
17) ir [?:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [?] [?:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood
book blood flood door floor
19) or [?:] [
w?:
] [
?
]
short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor
sector senior senator
20) oor [?:] [
u?
]
door floor moor poor boor
21) our [
u?
] [?:]
hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [
?
] [
?
]
house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious gracious
prosperous
23) ow [
?u
] [au]
window meadow know show low now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house
25) th [
θ
] [
?
]
thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than
26) sion [
??n
] [
??n
]

propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion
television
27) tion [
??n
] [
t??n
](不常见)
station nation translation attention question
6关于语音的几个概念:

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有
20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组
成部分,英语中有28个辅音.
开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home
plane shine
2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant
名词复数的规则变化
一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读s; map-maps
2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags 读 z; car-cars
以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 iz bus- buses watch-watches
以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 iz license-licenses
以辅音字母+y 变y 为i 结尾的词 再加es 读 z baby---babies
名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men
woman---women 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是
-men 和-women。 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合
成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two
li，three mu，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数
形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如： people police cattle 等本
身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a
policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，
the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 如： The
Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two
pairs of trousers
6） 另外还有一些名 词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，
waters水域，fishes（各种） 鱼
名词的格
在英语中有些名词可以加来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名
词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加，如the boy's bag 男
孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3） 凡不能加的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：
the title of the song 歌的名字。

4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所
修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示分别有；只有一个's，则表示'
共有'。 如：John's and Mary's room（两间） John and Mary's room（一间）
6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or two's absence
动词第三人称单数
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同。
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。
如： ①stop－stops [s] make－makes [s] ②read－reads [z] play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z] study－studies [z]; worry－worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如： teach－teaches [iz];
watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如： go－goes [z] do－does [z]
下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记
忆。 如： 1、do [du:]－does [dz] 2、say [sei]－says [sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，
与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]。 如： close－closes [iz]
二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现
象 例词： ①baby－babies ②carry－carries ③study－studying
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
①一般在动词原形后加-ed look call open need looked called opened needed
called opened needed 但fix的过去式和过去 分词x不双写，为fixed.
②以-e结尾的动词加-d move phone hope agree moved phoned hoped agreed
hoped
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i， 再加-ed study carry try studied studied
carried studied carried tried [traid]

④以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed play enjoy stay played enjoyed stayed
played [pleid] enjoyed [in5dVCid] stayed [steid]
⑤末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop plan
fit stopped planned fitted
⑥以- r音节结尾的词，双写r字母， 再加-ed prefer refer preferred referred
preferred
2) 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。
1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例： 原形 过去式 过去分词
cut（切） hit（打） cast（扔） hurt（伤害） put（放） let（让） shut（关）
cost（花费） set（放） rid（清除） cut hit cast hurt put let shut cost set rid cut
hit cast hurt put let shut cost set rid
2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。
例： 原形 过去式 过去分词
find（找到） found found pay（支付） paid leave（离开） left lend（借
出） lent meet（遇见） met keep（保持）kept lose（丢失）lost teach（教）
taught sit（坐）sat lead（引导）led win（赢）won paid left lent met
kept lost taught sat led won
3．动词原形与过去分词同形
例： 原形 过去式 过去分词
come run（跑） become（成为） came ran became come run become
4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例： 原形 过去式 过去分词
give（给） fly（飞） drink（喝） see（看见） go（去） know wear（穿） speak
（说） gave flew drank saw went knew wore spoke given flown
drunk seen gone known worn spoken
5．过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例： 原形 过去式 过去分词

burn（燃烧） burned burnt burned burnt learn（学习） learned learnt learned
learnt smell（闻） smelled smelt smelled smelt spell （拼写） spelled spelt
spelled spelt shine （照射） shined shone shined shone leap （跳）
leaped leapt leaped leapt
提示
a. beat的过去式与原形同形：
比：beat（打击） beat（过去式） beaten（过去分词）
b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同
比：lie lied, lied（说谎） lay, lain（躺，位于）
c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同
比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑） hung, hung(挂，吊)
d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词
比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正） welcome, welcome（误）
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比：hit（打） hit, hit（正） hitted, hitted（误）