英语音标发音规则表1

英语音标发音规则表
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
a
在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back
在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
e
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
i
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no
o
在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock
在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
u
在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue
ruler super

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
[] China another woman breakfast
a
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
[] hundred student open weekend
e
[i] chicken pocket begin children
[][i] holiday beautiful family animal
i
[ai] exercise satellite
[] second tonight somebody welcome
o
[u] also zero photo
[] autumn diffcult
u
[ju:] popular congratulation January
1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate 2 u
处在开音节位置，
又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February
issue
- 1 -

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
a在[w]音后面
a在f n sk ph sp ss st
th前
i在-nd -ld和gh前
o在-st -ld前
o在m n v th前
读 音 例 词
[] want what watch wash quality
[α:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast
father
[ai] find child light high
[ou] most postcard old cold
[] come monkey love mother

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
ar
ar在[w]音后面
or
or在[w]音后面
er ir ur
读 音 例 词
[α:] car farm dark sharpener
[:] warm quarter towards
[:] forty morning short
[:] word worker worse
[:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成- r音节,而是按重读闭音节
的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget
Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
are
ere
ire
ore
ure
读 音
[ε] care dare hare
here mere
fire hire wire
more score before
pure cure
例 词
[i]
[ai]
[:]
[ju]
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，
例如：picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按- re音节拼
读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：par
e
nt zer
o
stor
y
dur
i
ng inspir
i
ng
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very
American paragraph
- 2 -

元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
aiay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air [ε] air hair chair pair repair
al
[] small ball talk wall all
[:l] always also salt almost
al在f m前
[α:] half calm
auaw [:] autumn daughter draw
[i:] teach easy cheap please
ea [e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
[i] hear dear near clear year
ear [ε] bear pear wear swear
[:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [i] pioneer deer beer
[ei] eight neighbour they
eiey
[i:] either key
euew在
[ju:] new few newspaper
j l r s后
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ieei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oaroor [:] roar board door floor
oioy [i] noise point boy toilet
[u:] broom food tooth school
oo
[u] book look cook foot good
[au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
ouow
[] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
[:] course your four
our [au] our hour ours
[:] journey
- 3 -

六、

ui
[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
在j l r s后
[u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
aiay eiey [i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous
biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [n] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [n] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [] pleasure measure
-ture [] picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合 词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组
仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如： everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[:]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，
融合成为一个词。其中的非 重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[:] ＞ cupboard[] 碗柜

九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词
[b] bike bus bag
b
[] bomb tomb
c
[k] cake picture coat music
c在e前或在iy前
[s] face decide cinema
ch [] much chick rich teacher
- 4 -

[k] school headache chemistry
[] machine Chicago
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
g
[] bag gardon go
g在e iy前
[] orange large German
[f] cough enough
gh
[] light daughter high
gu- -gue
[] guess league dialogue
gu在非重读音节中
[w] language anguish
[h] hot head house hand
h
[] hour honest
j [] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
n
[n] not shine ten note
n在[k] [g]音前
[] uncle thank hungry
-ng [] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前
[s] sit sleep desk
元音字母间或浊辅音前
[z] music husband
[sk] scarlet
sc-
[s] muscle science
sh [] she fish shirt wash
- 5 -

t在通常情况下
[t] ten letter meet
在弱读字母ia ie io前
[] patient nation
tch [] watch
th在通常情况下
[θ] thin thirty method
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 [] the these with than
在词尾-the -ther中
[] clothe father weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
[w] week win wake sweet wait
w
[] answer two
wh-
[w] what when white why
wh-在字母o前
[h] who whose whole
x
[ks] box text exercise
在重读元音前
[gz] examle exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo

十、英语语音名词解释
1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发 音响亮，可以构成音
节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）。从单词拼
写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。
2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面
的音节，一个属于后面的音节。
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两 个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅
字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面 一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前
面一个音节。
例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er
3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读
音时，应使用重 读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重
读符号。
4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：
no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构
- 6 -

成的重读音节。例如：nam
e
thes
e
bik
e
hom
e
ex- cus
e
.
5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读
音节。例如：ba
g
e
gg
fi
sh
no
t
cu
p

6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如：?stu-dent ?Chi-na ?sec-ond ?au-tumn in-?deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上
重读。双音节词的重读位置 不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：
a?bout be?fore ex?cuse re?pair for-?get-ful in-?ven-tor
7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如：?el-e-phant con- grat-u-?la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或- sion,-tion前的一个音节
上重读。例如：scien?tific im?pression ?nation
- 7 -