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完整高中状语从句讲解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-11-03 16:27
tags:地点状语从句

expander-impending

2020年11月3日发(作者:平显)





状语从句讲解
语法专题复习(四)
状语从句指句子用作状语时,

起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动 词、定语、状语或整个句子。
时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、 一般可分为九大类,分别表示

所以理解尽管种类较多,
但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,比较和方式。

和掌握
它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的
连接词即考点。现分别列举如下(时:.他正作练习时我睡着了。1.I fell asleep when
he was doing his exercises


间状语从句) (时间状语从句) 她总是一边走一边唱。She always sings as she
walks . 3.
(时间状语 我等到他做完活。.I waited until he had finished his work .
4不久,他就告诉我 5.It was not

从句)


long before he told me about this affair .
这件事。(时间状语从句).He has worked very hard since he entered the
factory 自从他进厂, 6工作一直很努力。(时间状语从句)
1. 时间状语从句
常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant,
immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

种类 从属连词





例 句
When I came into the room, he was writing a
there whenever we are free. 我们什么
时间有空,我们就去那里。
说 明
when指的是“某一具< br>whenever指的是“在任
何一个不具体的时
间”。
when
I was walking along the street when suddenly on
the shoulder from someone patted me behind.
我正在街上走着,这时忽然有人从后面拍我的
肩膀。
when意为“这时”或“在可以看作是那个
时候”,的法这种用,并
列句分句一般位于句
when 末。

when

whenever
letter. 当我进屋时,他正在写信。 We shall go
体的时间”。




while
While it was raining, they went out. 天下雨的
他不在的时候我在。
while指“在某一段时
while引导的动作必须
是持续 性的。
时候,他们出去了。I stayed while he was away. 间里”,“在…期间”,


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as



as she walks .She always sings

as引导持续性动作,

before
after
till
她总是一边走一边唱

Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先
做学生,再做先生。
He arrived after the game started.
比赛开始后,他到了。
We waited till (until)he came back . 我们一直
等到他回来。
调主句和从句的动作
同 时发生。
…之前before译为在

如主句动词是持续性
动作,常用肯定式,表
示 为止”“直到…
如主句动词 是瞬间动
词,常用否定式,表示
前以”“在…“直…才
从句放在句首表示”,
不until 强调,一般用




until
时 间





She didn't stop working until eleven o'clock .
她到11点钟才停止工作。stood she Until he
had passed out of sight, there. 她站在那里看
着,直到看不见他的身影。
since
Great changes have taken place in China since
as soon as
1978. 自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变
我一到上海就给你写信。 you.
状语从句在主句之前
时一般用逗号与主句
后则不必用标点符号。
化。 to write in Shanghai, I'll As soon as I arrive 分开,如从句在主句之

hardly…
I had hardly got home when it began to rain. got no hardly…when和的
when no n
I =Hardly had 我刚一到家,就下雨了。home
意义相sooner…than但
sooner…
tha
when it began to rain.
只表soon as,当于as
示过去发生的事情,主
句为过去完成时,从句
或hardly为过去时,如
位于句首时soonerno
语气强,而且主句的谓
语要用部分倒装。

than the to the station No sooner had we got
train left. 我们刚到车站,火车就走了。to
were we begun when we told Hardly had stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。




every
time, by
the the
time,
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick. 我
每次乘船都晕船。 The moment I heard the
song, I felt cheerful. 我一听到这首歌,就感
到很愉快。 Next time you come ,you'll see
在时间状语从句中,不
能用将来时或过去将
来时,而要用现在时或
过去时代替将来时。
moment 等
him. 下次你来的时候,就会见到他。

地点状语从句2.
where
:常用引导词everywhere
anywhere, :wherever, 特殊引导词




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where
wherever
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志where与wherever意
语气较强,多用于书
者,事竟成。Where there is water there is life. 义基本相同,但后者

语从


哪里有水,哪里就有生命。You are free to go
面语。
wherever you like. 你可以随意到你喜欢的
任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must
obey the law. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。

原因状语从句3.since
since, as, 常用引导词:because,
considethat, considering that, given in 特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, that,
that, ring

原 因
because
状 语
从 句
I came back late yesterday because I was on
duty. 昨天我回来晚了,因为我值班。
since
our everyone is here, let's begin Since
why 用来回答because
的问题,语气最强一般
放在主句之后
表示既然或全已知
的理由, ,多放句首明的
原因
meeting. 既然大家都到了,我们开始开会。 since稍加分析即可表


as
looked know much English, he As he didn't up
从句常放在句首,说明
the word in the dictionary . 由于他英语懂得
不多,他在字典中查阅这个 单词。
原因,主句说明结果,
常用于口语中。




now that,
seeing
that
Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can
start our journey. 鉴于天气已经晴朗,我们
可以启程了。 Seeing (that) he was badly ill,
we sent for the doctor. 鉴于他病情严重,我
们派人去请医生去了。
that (that), now seeing
意义相似,和since, as
鉴于某个事他们都有
“可以省that”实的意
思, 去。
目的状语从句4.
that
order so that, in 常用引导词:that, the purpose for in the hope that, for 特殊引导词:
lest, in case, fear that,that the end to






that
telephone your number I shall write down
that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码
that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情
况告诉你,使你能自己作出判 断。
目的状语从句中常用
情may (might) can 态
(could) 动词之前,从
句往往放在主句之后,
主从句之 间不用任何
标点符号
记下来,以免忘记。We'll tell you the truth so 动词等放在,should

so

that


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order
in
They worked harder than usual in order that
they could finish the work ahead of time . 他
工作。) fear that clothes lest (= for Put on
more you should catch cold. 多穿点衣服,
以免患感冒。

that
们比往常更加努力工作,为了能提前完 成

for
lest =
fear
that


结果状语从句5. … that,… that, such 常用引导词:so
degree such a extent that, to that, to the degree that, to the 特殊引导词:such
that,





so
that everyone We turned up the radio, so
that
heard the news. 我们把收音机的音量放
was so excited that He
word. 他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出
来。
such…
that
He gave such important reasons that he was
前有逗号为结果thatso
状语从句。后面跟形
副词。

so…
that




大,大家都听到了新闻。 a say he couldn't
soso…that的 容词或

后面suchsuch…that的
得到大excused.他说出了这么重要的理由, 跟名词,如果名词是单
家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that
a 用such 数就要还可
all of us want to read it. It is so interesting
a novel that all of us want to read it. 这是一
本十分有意思的书,大家都想看。
以转换用an…that
so…that,语气较强
条件状语从句6. unless, if, 常用引导词:cain that, suppose that, asso long as,
only if, providingprovided 特殊引导词: that on condition that, se





if
afraid if we are not Difficulties are nothing
of them. 困难就算不了什么了。如果我们
不怕困难,We shall go there tomorrow
unless it rains.
从句的谓语只能
unless和unless 定
式。用肯是unlessif…
not同义, 是口语,书
面语,if…not 通常二
者可以换用。条件状语
从句中的谓语动词的
时态一般要用现

unless
除非下雨,我们明天就去那里。doesn't if it
there = We shall go tomorrow rain.



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asso
will hard, you long as you work SoAs
succeed.
在时或过去时代替一
般将来时或过去将来
时。

long




as in
只要你努力工作,你就一定能成功。In
case
case I forget, please remind me about it .
so far
as
万一我忘了,请提醒我一下。So far as I
know, the book will be published next
month.
据我所知,那本书下月出版。





让步状语从句7.though
if, even 常用引导词:though, although, even
n),( 一般用在句首 特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while
whwhoever, wherever, that, while, whatever, , in spite of the fact o matter …
whichever
enever, however,







though
Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet)
he began to learn French. 。虽然他六十多岁
了,但仍开始学习法语 We were not tired
though (although) we had
虽“ 在句子中一般用
了”“但是然”就不能
再用或)但可以与yet
(but
。though still连用意义
相同,用although前者
通俗,法基本一 样,口
语化,后者正式多放
主句的前面。

althoug
h
worked all day.
虽然我们干了一天活,但并不累。


even if
I'll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即
even
使明天下雨,我也要去。
though
thougheven even if 和”
纵使“即使”“的意思
为有退一步设想的意
味, 多用于书面语中。






as
Child as he is , he knows a lot . 虽然他是一
个孩子,但他懂得很多。 it is cold,)the it
虽然天气冷,但孩子们仍在户外玩。
引出的状语从句多用
as 于书面语,它比用
的从句,语气强,更有
表现力,从句常放在句
首,语序部分倒装。

Cold as is, (= Though children play outdoors.
引导或althoughthough




no
Do it no matter what others say. 尽管干。
与no matter……引导
的让步状who-ever样,
语从句意义基本一引
导的从matter……no
句可是以位于主句前

matter
不管别人怎么说,studied was, he busy No
(who,
matter how he English every day. 不管他多
what
when,
where



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忙,他都每天坚持学习英语。







which, No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I 主句后。
how…)shall be very grateful.
不管谁为我处理这件事,我都将非常感激。 从

wh-ever Whatever happens may happen , we shall wh-ever从句中的动(whatever not
lose heart. 句 词有时可以和may连
whoever 无论发生什么,我们都不要失去信心。 用。判断wh-ever引导whenever Whoever
comes, he will be welcome. 的是状语从句还是名词whicheve无论谁来,都会受到欢迎。 性从
句的一点是,名词r 性从句,主句中一定有however) 一个成分要在从句担任,一般从句与主
句之间没有逗号。
不可将no matter与wh—ever连用


8. 比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more … the more … just as …, so…; A is to B what as X is to
Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

as…as
Mary is as old as my sister. 玛利和我姐姐

not
一样大。 He doesn't run so (as) fast as Jack



soas
(does). 他不如杰克跑得那样快。His book
is the same as mine. 他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。


asthe
same
such…
as

…as
连词表示同程度级的
比较,肯定句用as…as
否定句可用not as…as
或not so…as

than
She has made greater progress this year than
He bought fewer books than I (did). 他买
的书比我买的少。
表示不同程度之比较,
容词或副词。
she did last year. 她今年比去年进步更大。
主句中用比较级的形





the
more
you better the you The more read,
understand. 你看的书越多,你懂得的就越
意the more more…
the ,通常的…越思为
…the 多。 money more sell, tickets The more you 越…语序为从句在前
more
the you will get. 你卖的票越多,你的收入
主句在都是表the后,
也越多。 harder The progress greater work,
you the
这两个示程度的副词,
用在比较级的形容词
或副词前 面。

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you will make. 你工作越努力,你取得的
进步就越大。The sooner, the better. 越快
越好。The warmer, the better.
越暖和越好。

句子意思明显,句子
的主语和动词都可省
略。



方式状语从句9.
how if, 常用引导词:as, as
way the 特殊引导词:






as

Draw a cat as I taught you . 按照我教你的
画一只猫。Do as you are told. 按照人家告
诉你做的去做。
按照或正as译为,此
处 如as if或as tho ugh
的意义和用法基本一
样。从句中可以用现在
时表示可能符合事实,
也可 以用 虚拟语气。
She looks as if she is ill. 看上去她好象是
生病了。had nothing (though) He acted as if
生。he if (though) the black boy as They treat
were an animal. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛
他是一头牲口。


as if…
as

though
happened. 他的行动就好象什么也没有发

特殊的10









that modernization )the are sure (that four We
will be realized in China . 我们相信四化一
定会在中国实现。
write to time I didn't have I'm sorry (that)
you sooner. 很抱歉,我没有抽出时间早点
给你写信。 I am afraid that I can't go with
you.恐怕我不能同你一起去了。
引导的从句,往往that
跟在 一个做表语的形
容词后面,从句概念上
看是宾语,所以有的语
法从宾语它看做是家把句,但结构上看,也
可 以把它看作是一个
特殊的状语从句,用来
修饰表语的形 容词。这
种从句的连词常常被
省略。

状语从句的简化



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状语从句的省略①主句和从句的主语一 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:
;②从
致,或从句主语为it
可省略。例如:be的 某种形式。从句中的主语和be句主要动词是

动词常

public the be open to ) completed , the museum will When ( the museum is


. next year
possible. ) (it is e for his holiday if He'll go to the seasid

。例如:另外,比较状语从句经常省略
(is ). the (is), greater the pressure The higher the temperature

:
现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中状语从句的简化
;

). (is tall I'm taller than he
if, unless等引导的条件状语从句由

;
although, though, even if though等引导的让步状语从句②由
when,

;
while, as, before, after, until till等引导的时间状语从句③由

;
as, as if等引导的方式状语从句④由
下面针对这

等引导的比较状语从句。
五种情形作一归纳。⑤由as, than


他会帮你摆,If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可
能的话


脱困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.
除非情况对你来
说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行
车。


Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
While (he was) a you ng boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐



于助人。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。d.连词+过去分词
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得
了巨大成功。
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也
解决不了这个问题。f. 连词+介词短语


8
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好像遇到了麻,trouble.她看上去很焦急anxious as though (she was) in She looked
烦。他到美国之前就He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the
USA. 懂英语了。

tips:


只用as不用when或while的情况
1、用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指“一边…一边…”,
如: The girl sings as she goes to school.
2、表示两个同步发生的动作或行为
如: As time went by,she became more and more beautiful.
3、表示两个动作紧跟着发生,
如: As he was going out,it began to rain,


4、接在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时。如: As a young man, he was active in
sports.

连接词when,while,as的用法区别


1、while引导的 时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可持续的,而when引导的时间
状语从句的谓语动词既可以可持续的, 也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。
WhenWhile he was eating his breakfast,he heard the door bell rang.
When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.(while不可用)

2、从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,只能用when 引导,不可用whileas,
如: When you have finished your work,you may have a rest

3、表示“随着……”,连词用as,不用whenwhile,
如: As the election approached,the violenve got worse.

4、如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作,从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示一段时



间内正在进行的动作时,三者可互相交换使用
。如: WhenWhileAs I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of
mine.

till,until和not…until用法


1、untilti ll引导时间状语从句用于肯定句中时,主句的动词时延续性动词,表示
动作或状态一直持续到unti ltill所表示的时间,意为“某动作一直持续到某时间
点才停止”,译为“直到…为止”。
You may stay here until the rain stops.
2、用于否定句时,主句谓语动词时非延续性动词,从句为肯定,意为“直到…
才”,如: He wouldn't go to bed tilluntil he had finished the work.


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不行。until 可以置于句首,till3、 Until you told me , I had no idea for it. 如:
从句Not until+… …untill句型中的强调和倒装说法: It iswas not until thatnot4、
主句。助动词++ was not until you told me that I had some idea for it. 例:
Not until you told me did I hace any idea for it.

的用法连接词since

,二是表示“既然”的用法主要
有两点:一是表示“自从…以来”。注:since Since意思是“从那一刻开始”1、
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
如:
We have been missing them since they left here.
“从持续动作或状态结束时算起”。since 引导的状语从句表示 、2 若的动为持
续性动词,sleepI haven't heard any noise since I slept. Sleep如:
”作结束时,即“醒来”时,译为“我醒后还未听到任何声响。John is now with
his parents in New York .It is already 3 years since he was a
teacher.
其表示的时间的起点应从动作之时算起。 若since3、表示has livedheard from him
since he has lived there.这里的 如:I haven't
“自从他(开始)住在那动作的持续性,时间的起点应从“开始居住”时算起,
儿,我就一直没有收到他的来信” Since we have owned a car,we have gone
camping every year.
…意思相同,时一段时间+since一段时间+since…与it has been +4、 句型it is +
since从句的动作完成或状态结束结束结束结束时算起。间的计算从It is 2 years
since he left the country.

Before

1、it+(willwould)be +时间段+before… “过了(多长时间)才…”
It will be sometime before we know whether the drug takes effect or not.
2、it+(willwould)be not +时间段+before… “过不了多久就…


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大象的眼泪读后感-请贴


敛声息语的同义词-弧度单位


有板有眼-植的拼音


zei-局气什么意思


tidy的反义词-韩国的英语


蓰-rains是什么意思


nose什么意思-深邃是什么意思


风笛手-解码板



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