初中英语状语从句

初中英语状语从句
【考点直击】
1. 时间状语从句
2. 条件状语从句
3. 原因状语从句
4. 结果状语从句
5. 比较状语从句
6. 目的状语从句
7. 让步状语从句
8. 地点状语从句
【名师点睛】
用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句 可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，
条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。
1. 时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：
It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.
While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
I will tell him everything when he comes back.
He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主 句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能
用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“ 直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：
The young man read till the light went out.
Let’s wait until the rain stops.
We won’t start until Bob comes.
Don’t get off until the bus stops.
2. 条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：
What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.
(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：
I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.
He won’t be late unless he is ill.
(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam.
=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
3. 原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放 在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。

As和since语气 较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：
------Why aren’t going there?
------Because I don’t want to.
As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.
Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
4. 结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如：
He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.
My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.
(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。
例如：
He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.
在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也 可以是不可数名词；
名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或a n。例如：
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid- term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：
It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.
It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.
=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.
(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：
Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.
5. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如：
Tom runs faster than John does.
This classroom is as big as that one.
6. 目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：
We started early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.
We used the computer in order that we might save time.
(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个： 1)目的状语从句里往往带有情
态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
7. 让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：
Though he is young, he knows a lot.
Although I am tired, I must go on working.
(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：

我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.
应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.
8. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：
Go where you like.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
【实例解析】
1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)
You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking.
A. if B. how C. before D. where
答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从 意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只
有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。
2. (2004年江西省中考试题)
---Shall we go on working?
---Yes, _________ I prefer to have a rest.
A. when B. if C. because D. though
答案：D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。
3. (2004年徐州市中考试题)
None of us knew what had happened _________ they told us about it.
A. when B. until C. after D. though
答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表 达着一
意思应用“not…until” 这一句型。
4. (2004年泉州市中考试题)
---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!
---Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there.
A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till
答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的 意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意
思应选用as soon as。
< br>状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目 的、结果、让
步、方式、比较等意义。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：
时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before
条件 If, unless
原因 As, because, since
地点 Where
目的 So that, in order that
结果 So that, so…that, such…that
让步 though, although, even if, however
方式 As
比较 than, (not)as…as,
时间状语从句：
Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。
条件状语从句：
As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。
原因状语从句：
Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。

地点状语从句：
Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。
目的状语从句：
Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。
结果状语从句：
He was so angry that he couldn't say a word. 他气得说不出话了。
让步状语从句：
Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。
方式状语从句：
Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。
比较状语从句：
The work isn't as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
易混引导词while, when, as的区别：
when既可以指时间点与瞬间动词连用，也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如：
When he came in, his mother was cooking.
When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.
While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有随着……或一边……一边……之意。如：
As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。
2．Because,as,since 的区别：
Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成由于；since
表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成既然。如：
Water is very important because we can't live without it.
He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill.
I'll do it for you since you are busy.
3．such…that, so…that, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：
such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：
1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that……
2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that ……
3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that……。如：
This was such a good film that I went to see it several times.
It was such good books that they sell well.
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.
He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.
He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.
=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.
注：在形容词+可数名词复数不可数名词结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用
so。如：
She made so many mistakes that she didn't pass the exam.
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。
spends a lot of money on books______he is not rich.
fell into sleep ______she was listening to the music.
3.----Is David at school today?
----No. He is at home ______he has a bad cold.
won't have supper ______my mother comes back.

to him slowly ______he may understand you better.
6. ______ she doesn't come on Sunday, I'll go fishing by myself.
is four years ______I had left that small village.
8. ______the air moves, it is called wind.
will go to the park ______it doesn't rain tomorrow.
10.______little boys did ______much work.
are few new words in the passage ______we can't understand it.
back ______you come from.
reached the station ______the train had left.
14.----Do you have a swimming pool?
----No, we don't. At least, not ______big ______yours.
me your paper ______you have finished it.
is raining hard, ______we have to stay at home.
17. ______you work harder, you'll never pass the final exam.
after te children ______I am out.
village is ______far away ______I can't get there on foot.
is ______an interesting book ______I can't stop reading it.



Keys: e 5. so that
if , do
(so), as
, that , that

as,which引导的非限制性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。
As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C。
此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立
的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，
it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B。
as 和which在引导非限制性定语 从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定
语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处 主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动
词， 则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same? as；such?as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和??一样??。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
一、“as which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示 人的身份、
职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系 代词
不能用who whom.
2. 动词短语先行成分。
这种动词短 语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般
有限定或非限定形式的 替代动词do和as which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用
其它动词代替。
3. 句子作先行成分。

这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的 一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是
一个完整的故事。
二、“aswhich”特殊定语从句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“aswhich”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：
1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as
which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分
之 后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。
3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之
后。 但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，
“as ”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句
具有这一 特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以
出现在先 行成分之中。
三、“aswhich”特殊定语从句的语义功能
一般说来，as与 which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功
能则有差异。
1. 表示结果
表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系， 从句中往往使用有结果意
义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful
等。
2. 表示评注
表示评注的特殊定语从句对 其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客
观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成 分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所
周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如na tural, known to all, usual等。
3. 有无状语意义
“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状
语 意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”
特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。
四、关系代词as与which的句法功能
1. as which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。
as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter
of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句 的谓语时一般用于被动语态
（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓 语的极少，常见的有happen
一词。如：
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主语被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。
2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。
3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：
We thought him a gentleman, aswhich he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：
He talked like a native, whichas he hardly was.
4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分
表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如：

I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
（二）关系代词as和whi ch引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处
也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, aswhich was natural.
(2) He was honest, aswhich we can see.
2、as 引导非限 制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which
引导的非限制性定 语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如??，正像??”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3、当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语
从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
注意：定语从句such?as ?与结果状语从句such? that?的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中
作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分
(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.
(7)He has such a good laptop that I want to by one.
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way in which that. he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
There are very few but understand his idea。 ( but= who don’t )
(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句
2、定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；
同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3、 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以发展成
一个完 整的句子，

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
［定语从句］介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和
where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天
吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club？
初中英语――祈使句
祈使 句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或
句号，读降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句
（1）动词原形+其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。
（2）Be + adj.
Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 当心！
（3）Let's + 动词原形
Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。
2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't + 动词原形
Don't stand up. 别站起来。
Don't be careless. 别粗心。
Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
（2）Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形
Let's not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。
Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
3.祈使句的反意疑问句
(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。
Please open the door, will won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？
(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。
Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？
(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。
Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？
<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意
疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如：Let us stay here, will won't you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？
语法练兵场
单项选择
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it

2. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't
4. Please help me carry it, ______?
A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we
5. Don't make so much noise, ______?
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you
6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?
A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood
7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell
9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.
A. Name B. named C. naming D. to name
10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?
A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims
句型转换
11. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）
_____ _____ again more slowly, please.
12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）
_____ _____ me, or I’ll go.
13. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）
Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?
14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）
_____ _____careless, please.
15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）
_____ _____ next to Nancy.
16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）
Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?
17. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）
_____ _____, or you'll die.
18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）
Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?
19. 这是一个坏了的被子。 （翻译句子）
This is a ______ ______.
20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 （翻译句子）
Let’s go and help the _____ _____, please.
参考答案
语法练兵场
1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB
11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Don’t be 15. Don’t sit
16. will you 17. Don’t move 18. will won’t you 19. broken glass cup

20. crying girl