高考英语一轮复习语法：时间状语从句精华知识点复习

时间状语从句
知识讲解
常见的从属连词有：
when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till) once as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly,
eachevery time, the first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等。例如：
EveryEach time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
一、when, while, as的区别：
（一）when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行, 从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是
短暂的。如：
When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性）
When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时) （持续性）
When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后）
（二）while侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如：
While we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall．
（三）as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可 以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的，
译为“一边..一边..”“随着”。如：
Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast．
（四）when和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”，“然而”。如：
I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rang．
They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldn’t .
注：并列连词when常用与以下句型中：
①…waswere doing…when…（正在做…突然）
②…waswere about to do…when…（刚要做…突然）
③…waswere on the point of doing…when…(刚要做…突然)
④…had just done…when….(刚一…就)
⑤HardlyScarcely had…done…when…(刚一…就)
二、before引导从句
Before引导的话，词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：
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常用句式：
It was +一段时间+before+从句 “过了多久才…… ”
It wasn’t +一段时间+before+从句 “没过多久就…… ”
It will be +一段时间+before+从句 “要过多久才……”
It won’t be +一段时间+before+从句 “不用过多久就会…”
Eg. It was two years before we met again. 又过了两年我们才再次相见。
It wasn’t two years before we met again. 相隔没到两年我们就又见面了。
It will be long before we meet again. 要过很长时间我们才能再见面。
It won’t be long before we meet again. 不用过很长时间我们就又能见面了。

I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及…就)
hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.(还没…就)
had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(…才…)
write it down before you forget it.(趁还…没就)
三、till和until
（一）用于肯定句作“直到??为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延 续到tilluntil所表示的时间为止。例如：
1. He waits tilluntil the children are asleep. 他等着直到孩子们睡熟。
2. I shall stay here tilluntil twelve o'clock. 我将留在这里一直到十二点钟。
（二）用于否定句作“在??以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一 般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到tilluntil
所表示的时间才发生。例如：
1. He didn't come tilluntil late in the morning. 他直到早上很迟才来。
2. He didn't arrive tilluntil the game had begun. 直到比赛开始他才到。
注意：主句为一般将来时，tilluntil引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：
The bus will not go tilluntil all the people get on it. 直到所有的人都上了车，车才开走。
（三）用于延续性动词的肯定或否定句中，tilluntil和not... tilluntil...其含义不同。例如：
1. The meeting continued until till 7:00. 会议一直开到七点。
2. We didn't have the meeting until till 7:00. 直到七点我们才开始会议。
（四）用于“It is was not until+ (被强调部分) + that+(其它成分) ”或含有“not...until...”的强
调 结构中，其中的until不能改为till。例如：
1. It was not until the film had begun that he arrived. 直到电影开始他才到。
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2. It is not until 8:00 that we begin our class every day. 我们每天八点开始上课。
（五）Not until放在句首时，句子要倒装，其中的until不能改为
1. Not until the last moment did he change his mind. 直到最后一刻他才改变主意。
2. Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到午夜雨才停。
四、since 常用句式
It is has been +一段时间+since+从句（谓语一般过去时）
（一）从句谓语是延续性动词，则译为“自从不做某事已经多 长时间了”
It is has been two years since he smoked. 他已有两年不抽烟了
（二）从句谓语是非延续性动词，则译为“自从做某事已经多长时间了”
It is has been two years since he died. 他去世已有两年了。
五、特殊句式
It ThisThat is + the+序数词+time+(that)+sb. have done…
It ThisThat was +the+序数词+time+(that)+sb. had done… 某人第几次做某事
Eg.这是我第一次读这个故事。
It is the first time that I have read this story.
?the first time 和for the first time的区别
He met with her for the first time. (在句中只做时间状语) 他第一次遇见她。
He fell in love with her the first time he met with her. (起到连词的作用，引导从句)
他第一次遇见她就爱上了她。
The first time I saw him, he was repairing his car.
六、引导时间状语从句的名词性短语
引导时间状语从句的短语连词 英语中引导时间从句的连 词有一类是由名词短语转化而来的，由这类连词引
导的时间状语从句，一般表示主句的动作与从句的动作 立即相随而发生。使用这些短语连词时，一般不再
加其他的连接词。
（一） by the time 到……的时间
By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned math all by himself.
到14岁的时候，他已经自学了数学。
The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up.
等你们把所有这些东西包装完毕时，卡车将已经抵达。
（二） each timeevery time 每次……
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Each time I meet an Englishman, he starts off the conversation with some comment on the weather.
每当我遇到英国人时，他的谈话总是以议论天气开始。
Every time I call on him ,he is out. 每次我去拜访他，他总是不在。
（三）the first time 第一次……
He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.
我第一次碰到他时他就给我这个印象。
（四）next time 下一次……
Next time you come in, please close the door.
下一次你进来时，请关上门。
（五）all the time 一直；始终 He sat quietly all the time she sang.
她唱歌时，他一直静静地坐着。
（六）the moment (or the minute, the instant)一……就
The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.
我一见到他就知道没有希望了。
I recognized you the minute I saw you. 我一看见你就认出你来了。
I sent you the news the instant I heard it .
七、一.....就句型
as soon as, hardlyscarcely…when, no sooner…than
用法区别
这三个短语都有“一……就”、“刚刚……就”的意思，它们的意思非常相近，因此有时可以互换。
例如：
“我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。”一句，就可以有如下几句译法：
As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.
Hardlyscarcely had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
但他们之间也有一些差异，例如，如果从两件事情的间隔时间来说，as soon as 较长，no sooner...than 居中，
hardlyscarcely...when 间隔时间最短。其它的一些区别见下面，请大家在运用的时候要留意。
（一）A（主句） as soon as B（从句）
它的意思相当于“从句B一发生以后，主句A就发生”。
我一听到这个消息就让人给你送去了。
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发生顺序B 在A之前。这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较
灵活，而且 可以用于各种时态。例如：
I’ll write you as soon as I get there.
我一到那儿就给你来信。（一般现在时）
As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.
我一进门，Katherine 就高兴的叫起来。（一般过去时）
I’ll return the book as soon as I have read it.
我一读完就把书还回去。（现在完成时）
Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee.
Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。（过去完成时）
（二）no sooner A（主句）…than B（从句）
它的意思相当于“主句A一发生，从句B就发生”。
发生顺序A在B之前。例如：
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
他一回来就买了一套房子。
如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒装结构。例如：
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
运动会刚开始，天就下起了大雨。
有一点要注意，no sooner…than 一般用来描述做过的事情，它不能用于表示将来的事。
Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee.
= No sooner had Andrew drunk his coffee than he left.
Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。（过去完成时）
No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.
=The work began as soon as the frost off the ground.
地上的霜一消散，人们就开始工作了.
（三）hardlyscarcely A（主句部分倒装）…whenbefore B（从句） 它的意思是“几乎未来得及做完A这件
事，紧接着就开始B这件事。” 使用这个短语时，一般用于过去完成时；并且when有时可改用before。
例如：
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He had hardlyscarcely finished the article when the light went out.
他刚写完文，灯就熄了。
He had hardlyscarcely had time to settle down when he sold the house.
他还未安顿下来，就卖掉了那所房子。
另外，如果把hardlyscarcely放于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构即谓语动词要提前。
如：Hardlyscarcely had I finished eating when he came in.
我刚吃完他就进来了。
Hardlyscarcely had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
她还没走出家门，就有一个学生来看望她。
as soon as=the instant (when)= instantly=the moment (that)=immediately after=directly after=right after
B（主句）（一般过去） as soon as A（从句）（过完） “equals to” = no sooner A（主句部分倒装）（过完）…than
B（从句）（一般过去） = hardlyscarcely A（主句部分倒装）（过完）…whenbefore B（从句）（一般过去）
下面几个个句子说明关系:
Hardly had the thief seen the policeman when he ran away.
= Scarcely had the thief seen the policeman beforewhen he ran away. =No sooner had the thief seen the policeman
than he ran away. =As soon as the thief saw the policeman, he ran away.
=Upon seeing the policeman, the thief ran away.

八、几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：
（一） It was +时间点+when…（当的时候时间是）
It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.
（二） It waswill be+时间段+before…(没过…就／过了…才)
It waswill be two weeks before we metmeet again.
（三）It is has been +时间段+since…（自从…以来有…）
It ishas been 3 years since we last met.

作业：
单选：
1. I learnt her hard-working and kind _______ I got to know her in the bookstore.
A. first time B. for the first time
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C. the first time D. by the first time
2. It was not _______ he took off his dark glass ____I realise who he was.
A. when; that B. until; when
C. when; then D. until; that
3. It was 19 years _______ Mandela, the former president of South Africa, was set free from prison.
A. before B. since C. until D. that
4. _______ had the bell rung _______ the students took their seats.
A. Hardly; when B. No sooner; when
C. Hardly; than D. No sooner; then
walked along the beach for nearly three hours _______ we saw a boat on the sea.
A. when B. before C. unless D. until
two brothers quarreled and quarreled _______ they felt sleepy and went to bed.
A. when B. before C. unless D. until
7. It was quite a long time _______ I made it out what had happened.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
8. We sent the injured to the First-aid Centre_______ the accident happened.
A. immediately B. hurriedly C. quickly D. shortly
二、
填空：
1. _______ she got the pay, she put it away in the bank.
2. I was wandering through the street _______ I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
3. He was drinking juice _______ the rest of us drank whisky.
4 _______ you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer
to you.
5. We walked along the seaside about two hours _______ we came to a fisherman’s village.
6. The sailor stayed on the lonely island ____ a ship passed there and saved him.
7. It was eight years_______ the Chinese people drove off the Japanese aggressors.



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参考答案:
1—5 CDAAB 6—8 DBA 2. As soon as 3 when 4. while
5 When 6 before 7 until 8 b

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