原谅用英语怎么说-公共汽车
专题八 状语从句、定语从句
状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1．before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：
It is long before...(过了好久才??)
It is not
long before...(过了不久就??)
2．since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。
?
?
since＋瞬间动词过去式?从该动作发生时算起?
?
?
since＋持续性动词过去式?从动作结束时算起?
?
It
is two years since he joined the army.
It is
two years since he smoked.
二、地点状语从句
多由where和wherever引导。
Where there is a
will，there is a way.
二、原因状语从句
在表示原因时，because语气最重，其次是as，since，now that，故在回答wh
y问句或
者在强调句对原因进行强调时，只能用because。for是并列连词，表示推测的理由或
者进一
步说明，不能放在句首，for前要用逗号。
—Why were you
absent?
—Because I was ill.
三、目的状语从句
1．so thatin order that引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用
can
couldmaymightwillwould＋动词。
Please turn off the
light so that I can go to sleep.
2．for fear
that，in case，lest表示“以防，免得”。
He is working hard
for fear that he should fail.
四、条件状语从句
1．providingprovided (that)假如，假若
Providing
(that) no one has further questions，the meeting
will be over.
2．on the
understanding that＝on condition that在??条件下
I
give you money on the understanding that you
finish your homework.
五、结果状语从句
注意such引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。
试比较：
This is
such an interesting book that everyone likes to
read it.
This is such an interesting book as
everyone likes to read.
六、目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别
in order that可放在句首，只能引导目的状语从句；so
that引导目的或结果状语从句，不
能放在句首。
试比较：
He spoke
so slowly that we all followed him.(结果状语从句)＝He
spoke slowly，so we all
followed him.
He
spoke slowly so (in order) that we could all
understand him.(目的状语从句)
七、让步状语从句
1．as引导让步状
语从句，作“尽管”解，用倒装句，语序为：状语宾语表语动词原
形＋as＋主语＋谓语??。如果句首
是单数可数名词作表语，名词前无冠词。
Clever as you may be，you
can’t do that.
Clever boy as he is，he can’t
solve the problem.
2．while有时引导让步状语从句，作“尽管”、“虽然”讲，多用于句首。
While
I admit the problems are difficult，I don’t agree
that I can’t solve them.
八、地点状语从句
多由where和wherever引导。
Where there is a
will，there is a way.
九、方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as(按照)，just as(正像)，as if＝as
though(仿佛，好像；从句可用虚拟
语气)等引导。
I changed my
mind as you suggested.
定语从句
一、关系代词的用法
1．that和which的用法
(1)限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况：
①当先行词是不定代词all，
much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，
none，the one时。
You should
hand in all that you have.
②当先行词前面被the
only，the very，any，few，little，no，all等词修饰时。
This
is the only thing that has been tried.
③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the
best that has been used against pollution.
④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
This train is the
last that will go to Suzhou.
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they
are talking about?
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the bike that you lost?
⑦有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。
They
secretly built up a small factory，which produced
things that could cause pollution.
⑧当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is
no longer the city that it used to be.
(2)定语从句中必须用which的情况：
①在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。
Helen was much
kinder to her youngest son than to the
others，which，of course，made the
others envy
him.
②当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。
This is
a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
注意：在一些固定搭配
的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于
关系代词之前。
This
is the pen (whichthat) I’m looking for.
不可以说：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
2．who，whom和whose的用法
当先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语时，用who
，不可省略；在定语从句中作宾语时，
用whomthat，可以省略；在定语从句中作定语时，用wh
ose，不可省略。
She is the girl who lives next door.
That’s the girl (whomthat) I teach.
3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能
用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介
词＋whichwhom。
(1)当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
They may start as a group of high-school
students，for whom practising their music in
someone’s
house is the first
step to fame.
(2)在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用tha
twhich(指物)，
thatwhomwho(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可
以省略。
(3)“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常
与先行
词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big
house，in front of which stood a big tall apple
tree.
(4)介词＋whichwhom＋不定式结构。
The poor man
has no house in which to live.
＝The poor man
has no house to live in.
＝The poor man has no
house in which he can live.
4．as和which的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而
whic
h引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内
容，而不是主句中的
某一个词。
The weather turned out to be very
good，which was more than we could expect.
(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。
As is known to
everybody，the moon travels round the earth once
every month.
＝The moon travels round the earth
once every month，aswhich is known to everybody.
＝It is known to everybody that the moon
travels round the earth once every month.
＝What is known to everybody is that the moon
travels round the earth once every
month.(后两句
属名词性从句范畴。)
另外，as多用于下列习惯用语中：
as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样
as we had
expected正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before如上所述
as is
mentioned above正如上面提到的
(3)当定语从句放在主句后面时，也并不是as就永远等于which。
①当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which。
He came here
very late，which was unexpected(not expected)．
usually praises his student Rose in public，which
she doesn’t like at all.
②当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如：be known，be
said等。如果从
句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。
③as常用在as
often happens，as was said earlier，as I
understand，as appears等结构中。
Jack has won the first prize，as often happens.
④as仍然保持作连词时常有的某种含义。
David is tall，as are
my brothers.
⑤当非限制性定语从句的谓语后跟一个复合结构时，只能用which引导定语从句。
Betty always tells a lie，which her parents
feel strange.
二、关系副词的用法
1．当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。
I still remember
the day when I first came to Beijing.(when＝on
which)
Can you tell me the office where he
works？(where＝in which)
2．介词＋关系代词(which)＝wherew
hen。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词wherewhen
前加介词from，to等。
China is the birthplace of kites，from where
kites spread to Japan and Korea.
3．高考对关系副词where的考查。
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行
词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊
化”。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点
。当先行词表示某人物的
situation，或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都
可用where这个关系副词。
The accident has reached to a
point where both their parents are to be called
in.
三、定语从句用法其他要点
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。
2．定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中
作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数的方面，
应该与先行词保持一致。
I，who
am your teacher，will try my best to help you.
(1)one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词。
The Great Wall
is one of the world-famous buildings that draw
lots of visitors.
(2)the only one
of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词。
The Great Wall is the only
one of the buildings on the earth that is seen
from the moon.
注意：not the only one of...＝one
of...
(3)当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与w
hich作
主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have
taken place in China，as is known to all.
He
has passed the College Entrance Examinations，which
makes his parents quite happy.
状语从句答题技巧
技巧1 掌握连词意义，判断从句类型
从句类型不同
，引导从句的连词也不同。选择连词的前提是确定从句的类型。要确定从句类
型，就要正确翻译句子。翻
译正确就能够判断出该从句是状语从句中的哪一种，选择也就很
容易了。
[考题印证]
Tim is in good shape physically________he
doesn’t get much exercise.(2010·湖南，32)
A．if
B．even though C．unless D．as long as
答案 B
解析 句意为：Tim尽管不怎么锻炼，但体型很好。if如果；even
though即使，尽管；unless
如果不，除非；as long as只要。
技巧2
区分常用句型结构
英语中有些固定句型，需要用不同的连词来引导，熟记这些句型，有时起到事半功倍
的作用。
如It ishas been ＋ 一段时间＋ since...；It iswas
＋具体时间点＋when...；It will bewas
＋
一段时间＋before...；It iswas
＋时间状语＋that...等。还要区分把两种从句结合在一起的情
形。
[考题印证]
I will put the book________you placed it and
make a mark at the place________I put it.
A．where；at which
C．where；which
答案
A
解析 前后两个从句都表示地点的含义。是定语从句还是地点状语从句，做题的关键是看有
没有表示地点的名词作先行词。如果有表示地点的名词，就是定语从句；如果没有便是地点
状语从句。该
题中第一个从句为地点状语从句，第二个从句为定语从句，因此答案为A项。
定语从句答题技巧
技巧1 从句成分分析法
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在
从句中作主语、宾语、
表语或定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。解题时先对从句进行分析，确定从句中所
缺的成分，
然后根据所缺成分选择关系代词或关系副词。
[考题印证]
The
girl arranged to have piano lessons at the
training centre with her sister________she would
B．at which；at which
D．at which；where
stay for an hour．
(2010·江西，31)
A．where B．who
C．which
D．what
答案 A
解析 句意为：这个女孩安排在培训中心和她的妹妹上钢琴课，在那
儿她要待上一个小时。
where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the training
centre。
技巧2 特殊先行词记忆法
当先行词是case，point，
situation，condition等且从句中不缺少主要成分时，从句用where
引导；先行
词是occasion时，从句常用when引导；先行词是the
way且从句不缺少主要成
分时，用that或in which引导(或省略关系词)；先行词是re
ason且从句中缺状语时，用why
引导定语从句；当主句中出现as，so，such，the
same时，限制性定语从句用as引导。
[考题印证]
She’ll never
forget her stay there ________ she found her son
who had gone missing two years
before.
A．that B．which
D．when C．where
答案
D
解析 stay在此处的意义与a period of
staying相同，故用when引导定语从句，且when在
从句中作时间状语。
技巧3
先行词还原法
在解答有关“介词＋关系代词”类试题时，可把先行词代替关系词放到从句中，如果此句
意
思通顺，则为正确答案。
[考题印证]
Wind power is an
ancient source of energy________we may return in
the near future.
(2010·上海，38)
A．on which
C．to which
答案 C
解析
句意为：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。此句可还原为
Wind
power is an ancient source of energy whichthat we
may return to in the near
future.
B．by
which
D. from which
1．At 13，Samuel received a training course in
drawing for three years，________ he got a good
opportunity for further development.
A．after that
C．after it
答案 B
解析 after which意为after he received a training
course in drawing for three years。句中没
有并列连词，故不能
选C、D两项；that不引导非限制性定语从句，故A项也不符合。
2．There are
species living in the depths of the oceans
________ we still know little.
A．for which
C．of what
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。此处考查介词前
置的定语从句。句意为：在我们知之甚少
的大洋深处有许多种生物。
3．—Have you
made any plan for the coming Spring Festival?
—I don’t mind what to do________there’s less
homework from the teachers and more
pocket
money from my parents.
A．as long as
C．now that
答案 A
解析 考查连词辨析。答句句意为：我不介
意做什么，只要是老师少留点作业，爸妈多给
些零花钱就可以了。as long
as只要，符合句意。
4．________，his idea was accepted by
all the people at the meeting.
A．Strange as
might it sound
B．As it might sound strange
C．As strange it might sound
D．Strange as
it might sound
答案 D
解析 句意为：尽管他的想法听起来有些奇怪，但
与会的所有人都接受了。as引导让步
状语从句时，作表语的形容词要前置，但as后仍为陈述语序。
5．________is announced in today’s paper，they
have succeeded in solving many problems in
accordance with the new theory.
A．It
B．That
D．What
B．as far
as
D．in order that
B．in
which
D．of which
B．after which
D．after this
C．As
答案 C
解析 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句
，as替代后
面整个句子的内容。句意为：正如今天的报纸所宣称的：他们根据新的理论成功地解决了<
br>许多问题。
6．Taobao is Asia’s largest
retail(零售的) network platform，________people can
buy and sell
many kinds of things.
A．where
C．that
答案 A
解析 考查定语从句。根据先行词platform
在定语从句中作地点状语可知应该用
where(＝on which)。
7．I can
not understand why Libya will become so
complicated ________ I understand more from
the medium.
A．after
C．while
答案 B
解析 考查时间状语从句中的连词辨析。句意为：在我从媒体了解更多的信息之前，
我不
明白为什么利比亚的形势会变得如此复杂。也就是说，他是在通过媒体了解了更多的信息
之
后才理解的。before在??之前，符合句意。
8．I would accept that
if I were you，________we’ll have to cancel it.
A．and B．or C．while D．so
答案 B
解析 考查连
词辨析。句意为：我要是你我就会接受，要不然的话我们得取消它。表示与
前面相反的动作，所以用or
。
9．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere
for her students，________ allows them to
communicate freely with each other.
A．which
C．what
答案 A
解析
考查定语从句的连接词，此处which 作从句的主语，指代前面的整个部分“She has
a
gift for creating an atmosphere for her students”。
10．You will succeed in the end ________ you
give up halfway.
A．even if
C．as long as
答案 D
B．as though
D．unless
B．where
D．who
B．before
D．when
B．when
D．whose
解析
考查状语从句连词。 句意为：你一定会成功的，除非半途而废。unless除非，
符合句意。
11．In some cultures it is traditional for boys
to attend school ________ girls stay at home and
do
housework.
A．anyhow
C．while
答案 C
解析
考查连词辨析。这里男孩子上学和女孩子在家做家务是一种对比关系，所以选
while(然而，却)。
12．She may have been caught in the heavy
traffic，________ she won’t arrive here by five
o’clock.
A．in case B．in case of
B．however
D．as
C．in that case D．in
which case
答案 D
解析 句意为：她可能遇上交通堵塞了，那样的话，她就不
能5点到达了。本题考查定
语从句，故D项正确。如果变为并列句，则C项正确。
13．To
show our respect，we usually have to take our
gloves off ________we are to shake hands
with.
A．whichever B．whenever
C．whoever
答案 C
解析 这里whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于no matter
who。句意为：为了表
达我们的尊敬，无论和谁握手，我们都得摘掉手套。
14．Is
this the reason________he gave us for the delay of
the project?
A．how
C．why
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。此处reason作gave的宾语，故选D。
15．I
hate to say this，________you forgot to shut the
door when you left the office yesterday.
A．and
B．but C．so D．or
答案 B
解析 考查but的用法。用来引出一个不
得不说的话题，用but。句意为：我不想说的，
但是你昨天离开办公室的时候忘了关门。
B．what
D．that
D．wherever