高中英语必修一Unit 4知识点

Unit 4 知识点总结

be to your partner what might happen to the objects in the photos.
(1)sth. happen to. sb.某事发生在某人身上
e.g. Did you hear what happened to David last night?
(2)happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
e.g. I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.
(3)It happened that碰巧......
I happened to be out when he called. (= It happened that I was out when he called.)
2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.
shake(v.) (shook, shaken) 1).摇动，震动
e.g. Shake the bottle before taking the medicine.
2). 使受震撼；使（信念等）动摇
e.g. They were badly shaken by the news of her death.
3).（指人）打颤，颤抖 e.g. She was shaking with coldlaughterfearanger.
shake(n.) (C 常用单数） 摇动，震动 a shake of the head 摇头
拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sb's hand 与某人握手
shake one's head 摇头（表示否定、怀疑、悲伤、不赞成）
3. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.
rise(vi.) “升起，升高”，（河水，物价等）上涨；提高；起身
e.g. The sun rose at seven o'clock. The river is rising after the have risen
steadily during the past decade. His voice rose in excitement. The all rose from
their seats to greet us.
raise(vt.) 1)抬起，举起
e.g. If you have any question, please raise your hand.
2)提高；提出；增加 e.g. He raised his voice.
The price of tomatoes has been raised recently.
3)抚养；饲养 e.g. She raised a lot of chickens.
4. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为太...以致于不能e.g. He is too old to work.
但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:
1) “never not too …to” “不太……所以能……”。双重否定表示肯定意义。
e.g. One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。
2) “too…not to …”这一结构表示肯定意义时，意思是“太……不会不……”。e.g.
She is too kind not to help you. 她这么好，不会不帮助你的。
3)当too后的形容词是某种心理活动、情绪状态的形容词，如anxious, easy, eager,
glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，too表示肯定意义，相当于very, extremely。
e.g. She is too easy to get angry.
(4)当too前有only, but, all，just, simple 等词时，“too…to…”表示肯定意义。too
相当于very，意思是“非常；十分”。
e.g. I am only too glad to become a member of you.
(5)与cannot连用表示肯定意义，意思是“越……越好；无论……也都不过分”。
e.g. You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your

homework. 你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).
(6)当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时.
e.g. There are too many problems to be solved.有很多问题有待解决。
5. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
burst(v.) 1)（使）爆炸；胀破，爆破
e.g. Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
2)（仅用于进行时）塞满，几乎要胀破（+with）
e.g. I am bursting with pride. 我自豪极了。
burst(n.) 爆炸，爆破；某事物的突然爆发
e.g. A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束之后响起了
一阵掌声。
▲拓展（:1）burst in 突然进入（房间） e.g. The police burst in and arrested the boy.
（2）burst into sth. 突然或猛烈地发出或产生出某事物
burst into tearslaughter 突然哭起来笑起来 burst into anger 勃然大怒
（3）burst out (+ doing) 突然开始做某事 burst out cryinglaughingsinging
6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were
asleep as usual that night.
think little of 不放在心上；看扁，轻视
e.g. Most people thought little of the 8-year-old boy. In fact, they were wrong.
拓展：think well highly of 高度评价赞扬
think poorly badly of 认为......很差；对......评价很低
think of ... as ... 把...... 认为是......
e.g. I thought of him as my best friend. However, he treated me as an enemy.
7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。
(1) at an end 结束，终结, 在句中常作表语。
e.g. The war was at an end. 战争结束了。
辨析：1) at the end (of) 在......的尽头；在......的结束，可表时间或空间。
e.g. At the end of the street, you'll find a supermarket.
2) in the end 最后，终于 = at last，不能和of连用。
e.g. He tried many times, and in the end he succeeded.
3) by the end of 到......末为止，到......结束时，通常和完成时连用。
e.g. How many words had you learned by the end of last term?
(2) It seemed + that从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象”。
e.g. It seemed that he didn't notice this.
It seemed 后还常跟as if从句, 如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实一
致，则保持正常时态。
e.g. There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if it's going to rain. (事实，不用虚拟)
She is so kind to me. It seems as if she were my mother.（不是事实，与现在事实相
反）
sb. 作主语时，seem后常跟adj. 作表语。 e.g. He seemed a little angry.
8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
ruin(n.) U 毁坏，毁灭；灭亡 e.g. The war brought ruin to the country.
C 废墟；遗迹 ruin表示“废墟；遗迹”常用复数，常构成短语in ruins，
表示“严重受损；破败不堪”。

e.g. the ruins of ancient Rome 古罗马遗迹 His career lies in ruins. 他已事业尽毁。
ruin(v.) 毁坏，毁灭；使破产 有一般“弄坏了”之意，也有比喻的意思。
e.g. He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。
9. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.
instead of “代替，而不是” (后接名词，代词，动名词，介词短语等，但不能接句
子）
e.g. Give me the red one instead of the green one. We walked down the stairs instead
of taking the lift. He came by train instead of by bus.
instead 是副词，在句子单独作状语，置于句首时，意为“相反地”。
10. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
（1）wonder(vt. vi) “感到惊奇，感到好奇”；“不知道，想知道”
to do
疑问词 + to do
wonder + 宾语从句
at about 介词短语
e.g. I wondered to hear her voice in the next room. I was wondering where to spend
the is always wondering about others' secrets. I wonder who he is,
where he comes from and why he comes.
wonder可构成句型：I wonder if ...是一种用来委婉客气地提出请求或征求对方许
可的表达方式。e.g. I wonder if you could show us how to get to the station.
wonder(n.) U 惊奇，惊叹，惊异
e.g. They were filled with wonder at the sight. 他们见此情景惊叹不已。
C 令人感到惊叹的事物；奇观奇迹 the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇迹
拓展: It is a wonder that ... 令人惊奇的是......；莫名其妙的是......
No wonder that ... 难怪......；......不足为奇
11. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
该句为部分否定。all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名词都表
示全部肯定；但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。
no one, none nobody, nothing, not, any, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否定。
1) Both of them haven’t read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。
2)All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这些男孩
都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。
3)All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都长的
高。
12. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the
dead.
(1) be trapped in 陷入困境 They were trapped in the burning building.
(2) bury 埋葬，掩埋 be buried in bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于
（3）the dead 死者，表示一类人。形容词前加the常用来表示一类人或一类东西。
e.g. the rich 富人 the young 年轻人 the injured 受伤的人
注意：+ 形容词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由上下文的意思而定。
如表示一类 人，作复数看待；如表示抽象概念或具体的某个人时，谓语动词用
单数。
e.g. All the injured have been sent to hospital. 所有受伤的人都已送往医院。

The new in our class comes from London. 我们班新来的那个同学来自伦敦。
The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是令人畏惧的东
西。
s built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
shelter(n.) 1) 遮蔽；庇护，常与from搭配使用。
e.g. They took shelter from the rain under a big tree. 他们在一棵大树下避雨。
2) 遮蔽物；避难所，收容所 a bus shelter 候车亭
e.g. Many of the children in the shelter are orphans.收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。
shelter(vt.) shelter sbsth from sbsth 给某人某物提供庇护处；保护
e.g. The wall sheltered us from the wind. 墙壁遮挡着，使我们免遭风吹。
shelter(vi.) 躲避；避难
e.g. Where can we shelter from the rain? 我们到哪儿避雨呢？
14. 表示“许多，大量的”的短语归纳：
只能修饰可数名词的短语
a largegreatgood number of
a greatgood many + 复数名词
a good fewquite a few
many a + 单数名词（作主语时，谓语动词用单数）
只能修饰不可数名词的短语
1)a greatgood deal of 2)a largegreat amount of 3)largegreat amounts of
4) quite a little
既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的短语
1)a lot oflots of 2)a largegreat quantity of 3)large quantities of 4)plenty of
注意:quantity修饰名词时，谓语动词不是根据名词判断，而是看quantity的形式，
如果是a quantity of ,动词就用第三人称单数；如果是quantities of, 动词就用复数
的形式。
e.g. A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature is high.
15. This frightened boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 vi. 惊吓；害怕
e.g. The noise frightened me.(vt) You’ll find that I don’t frighten easily.(vi)
frightened adj. 受惊吓的；受恐吓的 frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
be frightened at 受
…
惊吓
frighten sb. intoout of doing sth. 恐吓某人使其做不做某事
16. congratulation(n.)“祝贺”，一般要用复数形式，常与on连用。
e.g. Let's offer our congratulations on her success.
注意：表示向某人祝贺，接介词to。 e.g. Congratulations to you.
Let's send our congratulations to him on winning the Nobel Prize.
congratulate(v.) “祝贺，恭喜；道贺，向......致词”，其后只接表示人的 名词作宾
语，表示祝贺的原因时用介词on upon。
e.g. We congratulated him on having passed the examination.
17. judge(n.) 法官；裁判
e.g. Do you know who will be the judge of the speaking competition?
judge(v.) 裁决，判断，评判
e.g. Don’t judge by appearance. 不要以貌取人。

拓展：judging byfrom “根据......来判断”。
e.g. Judging by his clothes, he must be a common worker.
18. proud(adj.) “骄傲的，自豪的；自尊的，自重的；自负的”
短语：be proud oftake pride in 以…为傲
pride(n.) “骄傲，自豪，得意；自尊心”
e.g. She showed us her new house with great pride.
19. honor(v.) “使......感到荣幸；尊敬，对......表示尊敬”
e.g. I'm honored to be here with you.
honor(n.) U 荣誉，光荣，信誉
e.g. We should win honor for our country. 我们应该为国争光。
C（多用单数）使感到光荣的事或人；荣幸
e.g. It is an honor to meet you.
拓展：1) do sb. honor do honor to sb. “对某人表示敬意；给某人带来荣誉”
e.g. They did honor to the dead. 他们向死者致敬。
2)have the honor of doing sth. to do sth. “有幸做某事；荣幸地做某事”
e.g. That year I had the honor of being admitted by the Party.
3) in honor of “为了向......表示敬意；为纪念......，为祝贺......”
e.g. This is a ceremony in honor of those killed in battle.