成人学士学位英语考试复习资料 (自动保存的)

一、时态和语态

1. 如何解答时态问题
例1：You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You __A____ just last
week.
A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed
例2：Anne asked Tom ___B___ the key.
A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did
take the machine apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking

★过去完成进行时 (had been doing)

★ 将来完成进行时(will have been doing )
例7：By the time you arrive this evening, __D_____for two hours.

he left

考试重点：
2. 与完成时有关的时态
★现在完成时 (have done) since, for in the past few months, up to now
例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly
popular during the past fifty years. A
B C D
例2：English ___A___ in a new way at my college in the past few years.

A. has been taught B. was being taught
C. has been taught D. had been taught.
★过去完成时 (had done)
例3：Anne asked Tom __B____ the key.
A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did
he left
*例4：The chemistry class__A*___ for five minutes when we hurried there.

A. had been on B. had begun C. has been on D.
would began
★将来完成时 (will have done) by
例5：We’re late I expect the film_C____ by the time we get to the cinema.

A. had already started B. have already
C. will already have started D. have already been started.

★现在完成进行时 (have been doing)
例6：It seems oil _____D______ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to
A. I will study B. I will have been studied
C. I had studied D. I will have been studying.
3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态
▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时 散发出
例1：When the mixture____C_, it will give off a powerful force. 力

A. will heat 混合物 B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated
例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you __D____.

A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come
▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时
例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he___B____ military service.
医学、药物 军事
A. will finish B. has finished C. finish D. would finish
注意：
例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or
she__D____ them. 展出 适合
A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. has tried
4. 考试小窍门
◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正
确答案。
二、情态动词

1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义
can’t
may not
mustn’t
need’t

2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法
★must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定”
+do 对现在情况的推测
must
+have done 对过去情况的推测
角落
例1：I ___C____ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what
happened during the night.
A. might fall B. must fall C. must have fallen D. can have
态动词加完成时是正确答案。
× Must do
√ Must have done
三、虚拟语气
赵文通
考试重点：
1. 条件句中的虚拟语气
例１：I would ask George to lend us the money if I __C__ him.

fallen

★ can’tcould’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能”

+do 对现在情况的推测

can’tcouldn’t
+have done 对过去情况的推测


★ maymight not表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许…”

+do 对现在情况的推测

maymight
+have done 对过去情况的推测

3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法

needn’t have done
should have done
should not have done
ought to have done
could have done

4. 考试小窍门
在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情
A. had known B. have known C. knew D. would know

例２：If a better material ___A___, the strength of the part would have been
increased.
A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D.
using
条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：

如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提
前，形成倒装。
例3：__D___ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a
heavy loss in his business.
A. If he took B. if he should take
C. Were he to take D. Had he taken

含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用
三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：
But forwithout…，……
……, otherwiseor…
……, butthough….
*例４：But for your help, I __D___ the work in time.
A. did not finish B. could not finish
A. will not finish D. would not have finished
例５：Without electricity, human life _D____ quite different today.

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
例６：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he__B___ to the meeting.

A. would have come B. would come C. could come D. had come

例７：We would have made a lot of money, but we B halfway

A. gave up B. had given up give up D. were to give
例１：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by.
例２：It is important for you to work hard.
例３：It is kind of you to help me.

不定式的时态和语态
例４：The magnificent museum is said __B___ about a hundred years ago.
up

错综时间条件句
例８：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.


2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用
1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose,
order, command, arrange等动词时,如:
例１：I suggested that we should go there on foot.
注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:

例２：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money

2) It is ordereddesiredd ecidedrequestedstrangeimportantnatural 等后的主
语从句中
例３：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 3) advice,
idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句
和同位语从句中.如:
例４：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening

3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气
4. if only 引导的感叹句中
5. as ifas though引导的状语从句中
6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式
7. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式

四、非谓语动词
1. 不定式
不定式的逻辑主语 荒凉的

A. to be built B. to have been built
C. to have built D. to have being built

使用不带to的不定式
1)why not do表示委婉的建议
例１：Why not_A____Professor Li for help He is kind-hearted and willing to help.

A. ask B. you ask C. to ask D. your asking

2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定
式。
例２：The teacher has the students ___D__ a composition every other week.

A. to write B. written C. writing D. write
例３：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_C____

A. broke B. break C. broken D. breaking
例４：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself__D___

A. hearing B. being told C. to hear D. heard
观察、研究
3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做宾
语补足语时，用省to的不定式。
例５：With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_B____ to a
hospital.
A. send B. to be sent C. being sent D. sending
4)do something butexcept do
例６：There is nothing we can do A_____ wait. 尽管、虽然

A. but B. rather than C. in spite of C. besides.
5)记住下列不带to的短语
can’t but
can’t help but
had better

2. 动名词
1. 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式，但意思有差异

remember
forget
regret
stop
go on
mean
2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式
have troubleproblemsdifficult doing something
feel like
spendwaste…doing something
can’t help
needdeservewant
be worth
what abouthow about
3. 分词

分词作表语
独立主格结构
例1：During the discussion, Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his opinion.

A B C D
例2：Your experiment reports must be checked with care before__D_____
A. handed them in B. them handing in C. being handed in D.
handing them in

例３：_D______ in the air fuels give off heat.
A. T burn B. Burned C. T be burned D. Being burned
五、状语从句
赵文通
考试重点：
1． 时间状语从句
★ while
when
as
until
★ 一…就…
no sooner…than
hardly…when
scarcely…when
★ the moment
the minute
the instant
★ 固定句型
It ishas been ….since…

1. 原因状语从句
now that
in that

2. 条件状语从句
unless
as long as 只要
provided that
3. 让步状语从句
as
though
although
even if
even though
while
whatever

例1：If you read the book a second time, and you will probably have quite a

different
A B C
understanding of the events described in it.
D
例2：Hard as he worked, but Mr. Brown couldn’t keep the shop properly.
A B C D

六、平行结构
and, or, but
比较级

例1：I enjoy eating in good restaurants and to go to the theater afterwards.
A B C D
例２：It usually takes much less time to fly from one country to another than
traveling by train.
A B
C D
例３：The rooms were then empty and most of them have been shut up.
A B C D
Prefer引出的平行结构：
Prefer something to something
Prefer doing something to doing something
Prefer to do something rather than do something
Prefer的特殊用法：
Prefer somebody to do something
e.g : I prefer you to speak English in the class.
1、a number of, the number of
a number of +可数名词，谓语用复数，意为许多，大量的……
the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，意为……的数目

2、able, capable, competent
able为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，搭配是
be able to do 。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. （猫在黑暗中能看见东
西。）
capable 指满足一般要求的能力，搭配是be capable of +doing。
competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能
力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. （医生应该能治
多种病。）
3、above all；after all；at all; in all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插
入语，起强调作用。如：
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么。

after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终 归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位
于句首、句中或句末。如：
After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。
He is，after all，a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all．他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫；根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”，
用于条 件句时，常译为“当真；实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情
绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意 为“竟然”等。如：
He doesn ’t like you at all．他根本不喜欢你。
Are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做这件事？
If you do it at all，do it well．若你真要做这件事，就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然来了，我很惊讶。
in all意为“总共”，既可放在句首，也可放在句末。如：
There are 25,000 Inuit in all．(＝In all, there are 25,000 Inuit．) 这儿共有25,000
因努伊特人。
4、aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船（或飞机，车）上。如：I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副词，在国外或海外。如：He often goes abroad.
board 为动词，上（船，飞机，车）。如：The passengers are boarding the plane
now.
broad 为形容词，宽广的。如：He has very broad shoulders.
5、accept, receive
accept 接受，receive“接到”，“收到”。如：I received an invitation yesterday, but
I didn’t accept it. （昨天我收到了一个请柬，但并没有接受邀请。）
6、accident, incident, event
accident事故。如：a traffic accident （交通事故）
incident“附带事件”，在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件，事变。

event “事件”，指特别重要的事件，通常是由以前的努力而产生的结

果，也指国家和社会的事件。
7-accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate准确的，精确的。如：Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.（火
车站的钟应该是准确的。）
correct“正确的”，指符合一 定的标准或准则，含有“无错误的”意味。它的
反义词是incorrect, wrong.
exact“精确的”，“恰好的”，比“大体上正确”更进一步，表“丝毫不差”。
on us.
13、afford, provide, supply
都有“提供，供给”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide 和supply意思相同，两个词都和with连用，构成provide supply
somebody with something的结构。
14、ago, before
它的反义词是inexact。
precise强调“精确”，“精密”。
8、accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指责，指控，常与of 搭配。如：His boss accused him of carelessness.

charge 常与with搭配。如：The police charged the driver with reckless driving.

sue 常与for 搭配。如：Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
9、acquire, require, inquire
acquire取得，获得，学到。如：acquire knowledge （获得知识）
inquire打听，询问。如：inquire a person’s name（问一个人的姓名）
require需要。如：We require more help. （我们需要更多的帮助。）

10、adopt, adapt
adopt （１）收养。如：Since they have no children of their own, they decided
to adopt a little girl. （他们自己没有孩子，所以决定收养一个小女孩。）（２）
采纳，采用，通过。如：He adopted our suggestion.（他采纳了我们的建议。）
adopt与adapt词形相近，后者的意思是“使适合”，“改编”等。
11、advantage, benefit, profit
advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位，机会或时机。如：
He had the advantage of good education. （受过良好的教育对他十分有利。）

profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year （你去
年赚钱了吗？）
benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如：I get no personal benefit from the
business.（我个人从这家企业中并不获益。）
12、1affect, effect
affect影响（动词）。如Smoking affects health.
effect效果，影响（名词）。如：Government policy will not have any effect
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使
用。
before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，
可以单独使用。
例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。
He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场
电影。
15、agree on；agree to；agree with
agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如：
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month．
上月，就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agree to有两层含义和用法：
其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做
某事”解。
例如： My father agreed to buy a new pen for me． 父亲答应给我买支新
钢笔。
其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划／条件／建议等一类的名词或代
词”。例如：
They have a greed to our plan． 他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟
表示“ 意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如：
He agreed with my opinions． 他同意了我的意见。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting． 我们同意他在会上讲的话。
16、alive, living, live
alive 指虽有死的可能，但仍活着，一般只作表语。
living可用于人或物，作定语时可前可后。
live只做前置定语，用于动物和个别事物前。
17、almost, nearly
一般说来，almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” （目标）

等。
在all, every, always 前，两者都可用。如：He is almost (nearly) smoking.
（他几乎每天抽烟。）
almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用，而nearly却不能。如：
例如：
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes． 尽管你穿
着便衣，我相信你是在值勤。
21、among, between
Almost no one believed her. （几乎没人相信他。）
18、alone, lonely
alone只表 “独自”的客观状态，没有感情色彩，只作表语；lonely表“孤
独”，：“寂寞”，能作定语和表 语。如：When she is left alone, she feels lonely. （剩
下她一人时她就感到寂寞。）
alone, only均可表“只有”，但alone须置于被修饰词之后，only往往置
于被修饰词前。如：He alone (Only he) can remember the story. （只有他才能
记起这段经历。）
19、altogether, all together
altogether总计，总共。如：Altogether there are six of us. （我们总计六人。）
all together 全都在一起。如：We played the game all together. （我们大家
都一起来玩游戏吧。）
20、although; though; as
三者均可表示“尽管；虽然”，引 导让步状语从句。although用法较正式，
语气较强；though较常用；as则主要用于倒装 句。它们的用法有如下几点值
得注意：
状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so,
however等并列连词， 但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。
例如：
Although／Though he believes it, yet he will not act． 他虽然相信它，但却
不肯有所行动。
as表示“尽管；虽然”，只能用于 倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动
词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如：
Young as／though he is, he knows a lot． 他虽然年纪不大，却懂得很多。
注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。例如：
Child as／though he is, he can speak two foreign languages． 虽然他是个孩
子，但他会说两门外语。
though可以放在句末，表示“但是”，although却不能。例如：
They said they would come; they did not, though． 他们说他们会来，可是
他们并没有来。
although只用来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though
“即使”以及as though“好像(＝as if)”，不能说even although或as although。
among 在……中间（三者或三者以上之间）。如：Our house is hidden among
trees.
between在两者之间。如：It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a
Chinese.
22、answer, reply, respond
用作动词，都可表“回答”，“答复”。
answer是常用词，后可接letter（回信），q uestion（回答问题），doorbell
（开门），telephone（接电话），adve rtisement（应征广告）等。
reply较正式，一般只作不及物动词，可与to连用。如：He has replied to
my letter.（他回答了我信中提的问题。）
respond作“回答”解，用得较少，也同to 搭配。如：He quickly responded
to the question. （他很快就回答了问题。）
另外，respond还可表“对……反应”，“响应”。
23、approve, prove
approve（1）赞成，同意。如：I don’t approve of wasting time.（我不赞成浪
费时间。）
（2）批准，通过。如：The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建
筑计划。
prove和approve词形相似，prove是“证明”，“表明是”等。
24、ariseriseraise arouse
arise是一个不及物动词，意思是“起源于（和from连用）和“出现”。
rise是一个不及物动词，意思是“上升”，该词是不及物动词：rise, rose, risen
raise是一个及物动词，意思是“举起”。
arouse的意思是“引起，导致”。
Black smoke rose from the chimney.烟囱
He is too weak to raise that heavy box.
Accidents usually arise from carelessness .
A crisis has arisen in their marriage. 危机
Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.
25、as (so) far as; as (so) long as
as（so）far as的意思是“就……而言（所知）”，as (so) far as sth．is
concerned是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”；as (so) long as意为“只

要”，引导条件状语从句。如：
As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new
jobs．
就我所知，一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
There is nothing that we can’t do so ／ as long as we keep on trying to do
it．
只要我们不断地努力去做，就没有什么事干不成。
in the beginning 相当于at first，表示“起初、开始”时，含“起初是
这种情况 ，而后来却不是这种情况”之意，不与of连用。例如： In the
beginning，some of us took no interest in physics． 起初我们有些人对物理不
感兴趣。

29、at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
at the time通常用于过去时句子中，指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go．
就中国的旅游业而言，需要做的工作还很多。
26、as though；even though；though
as though（＝as if），意为“好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句或表语从
句。如：
He spoke as though（as if）he had been here before．他说话的口气好像他
以前来过这里。
It looks as if（as though）it is going to rain．看起来好像要下雨。
even though（＝even if），意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though
也引 导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；even though有退一步设想的意味，与
though不同。 though引导的句子所说的是事实，even though引导的句子所说
的则不一定是事实。例如：
He will not tell the secret even though（even if）he knows it．即使他知道这
个秘密，他也不肯说出来。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it．他虽然知道这个秘密，但他
不会说出来。
27、assure, ensure, insure
assure的意思是“使（某人）确信”，一般用作：assure sb. of that…，后
面不能直接跟that从句。
ensure的意思是“保证”，后面可以接双宾语，也可以接that从句。
insure的意思是“给…上保险”。例如：
He assured me that it was true.
We can’t ensure you a good post.
My house is insured against fire．

28、at the beginning；in the beginning
at the beginning 在……初；在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如：
Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term． 学生们在开学初制
定学习计划。
例如：
Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time． 当时，许多人都看
到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。
有时，at the time的后面可接“of．．．”短语。这时，它表示“在（某事
态）发生的时候”或“在… …的时代”。例如：
Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖
1989年旧金山发生地震时，你在那里吗？
at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带
“of．．．”短语。例如：
In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan．At that time
(＝At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming
very crowded．
at one time＝during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”，
“曾经”。例如：
They used to be good friends at one time． 他们曾经是好朋友。
at a time则意为“一次”，表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语
连用，表示频率。例如：
Don’t speak all at once．One at a time, please． 不要同时一起说。一次只
一个人说。
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a
time． 这些药每天服三次，每次服三粒。

30、awake, wake, waken
都可作动词。
awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”，多为不及物动词。
waken多用作及物动词，常指“吵醒”，“惊醒”。
31、await, wait
await是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions.

wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物动词，后常接介词for。如：I will wait for you at （不再有）”；besides意为“除……外（还有）”。请比较：
the school gate.
32、award, prize, reward
award, reward作动词。award意为“授予（奖品，奖金等）”，后面可跟双宾
语；reward意为“报酬”，“酬谢”，只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。
award, prize, reward作名词时，award常指奖金，奖品；prize多指在竞赛、竞
争中获 胜所赢得的奖；reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。

33、because／since／as／for
这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连 接词，但是as，because，since是从属
连词，引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，所 引导的不是原因状语从句，而
是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱
依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接
的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why的提问时，
必须用beca use作答。
如：We stayed at home because it rained．因为下雨我们呆在家里。
as与since引导的从句多置于句首，不过as 表示十分明显的原因，只说明
一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”；而since则表示稍加分析、 对方已
知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。如：
As he was not feeling well，I decided to go there alone．由于他身体欠佳，我决
定独自去那里。
Since everyone is here，let's start．既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。
for引导的 从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即
推测性理由，或是对前面叙述的事实或看 法的补充说明。如：
There must be nobody in the classroom，for the light is off．
教室里一定没有人，因为灯灭了。（推测性理由）

34、beat, win
beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手，后接对手作宾语。
Win作及物动词时，其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如：He has won
the race.（他赢得了赛跑的胜利。）
35、beside, besides
beside在……旁边。如：Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
36、besides；except；but
三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时，except／but意为“除……外
All of them have seen the film except／but Wu Dong． 除了吴东外，他们
都看过了那部影片。
All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong． 除了吴东看过那部影片
外，他们也都看过了。
except后接名词、代词、－ing或不定式时，可以与but互换；except
后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为but所替换。如：
I’ll do everything except／but cook． 除了做饭，我什么事情都干。
This window is never opened except in summer． 除了在夏天，这个窗子从
不打开。
用在否定句中，三者可以互换。如：
There aren’t any other people to do the work except／but／besides you．
除了你，没人能做这工作。
37、be known as； be known for； be known to； be known in
be known as 意为“作为……而著名”，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、
职业等。如：
Liu Huan is known as a singer．刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist．我们相信你会成为一位著
名的画家。
be known for 意为“因……而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特
点、特长等。如：
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers．桂林因其美丽的山
水而闻名。
Mr Geldof is well- known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same
day．
盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。
be known to “为……所了解／知道”，其后接表示人的词语。“（人们
都）知道”，其后接动词原形。如：
He is known to all in our village．村子里的人都了解他。
He was known to have invented many things．＝It was known that he had
invented many things．
人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。

38、borrow, lend
borrow借入。如：Can I borrow your pen for a moment
lend把……借给。如：Can you lend me your bike

39、bringtakefetchcarry
bring (vt.)带来：表示从别处把某人或某物拿到说话者处。
take (vt.) 取走：表示将某物从讲话者处带走
them．
把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较，你就会发现它们之间的区别。
compare…to…意为“把……比作……”，着重注意两者间的相似点。如：
fetch (vt.) 去取：表示到某地将某物或某人拿到讲话者处。
carry (vt.) 携带：表示用人力或交通工具把某物或某人，从一地带到另一
地。该动词不含方向意味。
The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.
The city’s underground carries more people than the buses.
You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please.
40、cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth. the reason
for being late
41、chance, opportunity, occasion
chance多指偶然的机会，意外的机会，带有侥幸的意味。如：Even so, it was
a lucky chance that he could do it.（即使如此，那也是他凭着侥幸才做到这点。）

opportunity主要指能够 去做某事，尤其是达到自己目的，实现某种愿望的好
机会。如：You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country
and learning the language.（你应该尽量利用你的机会去看看这个国家，学习
它的语言。）
occasion主要指“时机”，“场合”，也含有“机会”的意思。如：The flags
are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.（每逢国庆节，国旗都悬持出
来了。）
42、childish, childlike
childish幼稚的。如：It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something
so unimportant.
childlike孩子般天真的。如：When she won the gold medal, there was childlike
smile on her face.
43、cloth, clothing
cloth布。如：I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.
clothing衣服（总称）。如：You’d better give all the old clothing away.
44、compare…with; compar…to; compared with／to
compare…with意为“把……与……相比”，侧重指两者间的区别。
如：Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between
This song compares our country to a big family．这首歌把我们的国家比作
一个大家庭。
compare既可以单独用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物
动词时，以compare with…形式出现，表示“与……相比”。如：
Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai．在这儿生活不能和在
上海（生活）相比。
If you compare the two words， you can tell the difference between them．
如果你比较这两个单词，你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。
compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语，意义基本相同，可互
换。如：
Compared to／with him， you are lucky． 与他相比，你是
幸运的。
It was a small town then， compared to／with what it is now． 和现在比起
来，那时它还是个小镇。

45、compose, consist, constitute 组
成、构成、创作
compose为常用词，常用被动语态，如用主动语态，主语应用复数形 式。如：
Twelve men compose a jury.（十二人组成陪审团。）
consist表一个整体由几个部分组成（只能用主动语态）。如：The United
Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.（联合王国是由大不列颠
及北爱尔兰组 成。）
constitute为正式用词，与consist相反，表由哪些部分构成整体。如：Twelve
months constitute a year.（一年有十二个月。）
46、 considerable, considerate
considerable相当多的，可观的。如：He met a considerable amount of trouble.
（他遇到了许多麻烦。）
considerate 考虑周到的，体谅的。如：It was considerate of you not to trouble us.
（你真体贴人，不打扰我们。）
47、 consistent, constant, continual, continuous
consistent一致的，符合的。如：His action is always consistent with his
words.
constant不断的，表示持续和惯常的重现，往往没有变化。如：He attributes his

health to his constant exercise.
continual频频的，不停的，时断时续，中间可有间歇。如：Continual smoking
is bad for health.
continuous不断延伸的，连续不断的，强调中间无间断。如：Everything in the
What’s your present address（你现住址是哪里？）
52、 custom, habit
均可表习惯。
custom为正式用词，多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。 bite:
universe undergoes continuous development and change.

48、costtakespendpay
cost (vt.)花费：指花费金钱、劳力和时间。主语通常是事或物，可跟双
宾语。
take (vt.) 花费：指花费时间。主语通常是一件事，也可以跟双宾语。

spend (vt.) 花费：指花费时间和金钱，主语总是人。可以形成spend…on
doing sth. 结构。
pay (vt.&vi.) 付钱，后面可以跟双宾语，也可以当不及物动词使用，形
成pay for sth.结构。比较：
Electricity will cost more than it did last year.
It will take me two days to finish the work.
In the past few years the factory spent a lot of money improving its working
conditions.
Dick’s uncle has to pay for his education as his father has come down in the
world. 落魄、败落

49、 crack, crash
crack（使）破裂，砸开。如：I can crack it, but I can’t break it. （我能把它
弄裂，但不能把它弄破。）
crash摔坏，坠毁。如：The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.（飞机起飞
不久就坠毁了。）
50、 cure, treat
cure治愈，医治。如：The medicine will cure of your disease.（这药能治好你
的病。）
cure表示治好，treat只表示“给……治病”。
51、 current, present
均可表“现在”，“目前”。
current强调在现阶段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。如：current English
(当代英语)
present为常用词，指现在正在通用的，在时间上比current的范围更窄。如：
咬
habit为常用词，多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如：He has
the bad habit of biting his nails.（他有咬手指的坏习惯。）指甲
53、 damage; destroy; ruin

这三个词都有“破坏；损坏”的意思，区别如下：
dama ge意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品，一般
暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这 种损坏是部分性的，通常指损坏的程度不
那么严重，还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有 时该词也用于
借喻。如：
The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously
hurt．
汽车在事故中损坏不严重，但却有五个人受了重伤。
Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness．长期生病使她的心
脏受到轻度损伤。
What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries．
他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。
Smoking has damaged his health badly． 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。

damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如：
The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city．这场地震给这座城市带来了巨
大的破坏。
destroy意为“破坏；摧 毁；消灭；毁灭”，通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”，
一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外，它既可表示毁 坏具体的物品，也可表示
毁坏抽象的东西。如：
The big fire destroyed the whole house． 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。

The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed
was the Nazi's dream by the power of people． 纳粹想摧毁人民的希
望，最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
ruin多用于借喻之中，有时泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再
使用的程度。如：

My new coat is ruined．我的外套不能再穿了。
The rain will ruin the crops．这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。
I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man
了。
54、dependent, independent
dependent依赖的，依靠的（on, upon）。如：Success is dependent on your hard
work.
Independent 不依靠的，独立的（of）。如：John was independent of his parents
when he was still a child.


59、 electric, electrical, electronic
三词都与电有关
electric着重于发电的，电动的或导电的。如：electric generator（发电机）；
electric light（电灯）
electrical多指本身不产生电，但是与电有关的。如：electrical engineering（电
机工程）；an electrical transcription（广播唱片） 录音、翻译
electronic 电子的，电子操作的。如：electronic engineering（电子工程学）
55、discover, invent
discover发现。如：A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent发明，创造。如：A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve
toothache.
56、doubtsuspect
doubt意为怀疑某事是不可能或不真实的， 肯定句中常跟whether或if
引出的宾语从句，否定句和疑问句常跟that引出的宾语从句。翻 译成“不相
信”比较恰当。而suspect意为怀疑或认为某件事是真的。常跟that引起的宾语从句。翻译成“猜想…是真的”比较恰当。试比较：
I doubt whether he is a genius.
我看他未必是个天才。
Do you doubt that he is a genius
你怀疑他是个天才吗
I suspect that he is a genius.
我猜想他是个天才。

57、effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物，强调能产生某种预期的效果。如：effective medicine,
effective method等。
efficient“效率 高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，着重有效地利用时间、
精力并取得预期效果。如：The German telephone system is highly efficient. （德
国的电话系统效率很高。）
58、economic, economical 学说、教义、教条
economic经济（学）的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo（李嘉图的经
济学说）
economical节约的，节俭的。如：He is economical of money and time.
60、emergence, emergency
emergence是emerge的名词形式。
Emergency意为“紧急情况”，“突然事件”。
61、everyday, every day
everyday每日的，日常的（作定语）。如：This morning exercise has become my
everyday routine.例行程序
every day每天（作状语）。如：She gets up early every day.
62、 endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand
都表忍受，忍耐。
bear忍受，容忍，指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如：It is hard to bear
to be laughed at.（被人取笑是难以忍受的。）
耐心、耐力
endure忍耐，书面语，指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如：It takes patience to
endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。）
stand忍受，与bear同义，但较口语化。如：She can’t stand having nothing to
do.（没事干，她受不了。）
tolerate容忍，容许，指自我克制的态度，对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。
如：I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. （他如果继续这样下去的话，
我决不会容忍他。）
withstand经受，承受，指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如：They have withstood all
test.（他们经受了一切考验。）
63、error, mistake, fault, shortcoming
均表“缺点”，“错误”。
error是通用词，指任何错误，“犯错误”可以说commit make an error。
mistake指判断或理解方面，或指因考虑不周而造成的错误，搭配是make
a mistake。
fault表示“过失”，可与error通用，现多用来指缺点，特指缺乏某要素 因而

不完美。如：There is a fault in this machine.（这台机器有一处毛病。）构成短
语 find fault with挑剔，找毛病。
shortcoming 缺点，可指人或事物的本质上不足之处（常用复数）。如：In spite
of his shortcomings, I still like him.（尽管他缺点多，我仍然喜欢他。）
64、especially, particularly, specially
均可表“特别地”。
especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。如：I love
Italy, especially in summer.（我喜欢意大利，尤其在夏天。）
particularly往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。如：The visitors
hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如：He hanged himself when he failed.
Hang, hung, hung悬挂。如：His pictures were hung in the museum.
70、hard, hardly 别紧张
hard努力地。如：Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard.
hardly几乎不，简直不。如：The children can hardly wait to hear the news
71、home, house
home家。如：East or west, home is best.
House房子，住宅。如：Our new house is quite near the station.
72、equal, equivalent, identical, same
admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.（来访者赞赏他
所有的绘画，特别是他女儿的画像。）
specially 多表示“专门地”，“为特别目的的地”，如表“不寻常”，“过分”
等 ，可与especially通用。如：I made chocolate cake specially for you.（我特
地为你做了巧克力蛋糕。）
65、fast, quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或
发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly
||66、fitsuit
两者都是及物动词，表示“适合”。他们的区别在于，前者指 的是尺寸大
小的适合；而后者表示的是样式、风格、程度的适合。例如：
This straw hat does not fit me; it’s too big.
Her blue coat suits her fair skin.

67、formally, formerly
formally正式地。如：We were required to dress formally for the party.
formerly从前。如：Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.
68、gaze, stare, glance, glimpse
都与“看”有关。
gaze“凝视”，强调由于惊奇、兴趣，目不转睛地注视。
Stare强调由于好奇、害怕或无意地睁大眼睛盯着看看。
glare“怒视”，是凶狠地含有威胁地盯着看。
glimpse“一瞥”，是短暂而急促地看，含有意地匆匆地看一眼，现多用作
名词。
[注意]一般表示“看”的单词大多同at搭配构成短，但glimpse却有catch (have)
a glimpse of这一搭配。
69、hanged, hung
皆含相同，相等之意。
equal相同的，相等的，特指“数量，价值等”相同。如：Their ages are equal.
equivalent相等的，特指“价值，效力，意义”等相同的。如：This sentence is
equivalent to that.
identical相同的，相等的，侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如：She wore the
identical dress on both occasions.
identical相同的，相等的，侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如：She wore the
identical dress on both occasion.（她在两种场合穿同样的衣服。）
same相同的，表示在质量、类型、外表或意义上相同，而实际上有差异。如：
He is of about the same age as you.
73、for a moment, for the moment
for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a
moment, he agreed.
74、imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
都是与想象有关的形容词。
imaginable可以想象得到的。如：This is the only solution imaginable.（这是惟
一想得出的解决办法。）
imaginary假想的，虚构的。如：an imaginary character in a story（故事里的虚
构人物）
imaginative富于想象力力的。如：an imaginative artist（想像力丰定的艺
术家）
75、in the way； in a way； in no way； on the way
in the way 意为“挡道；妨碍（某人）”。如：
Tell the boy not to stand in the way．叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。
in a way 意为“用某种方法（做某事）”。名词way前面常有形容词或
this／that修饰。如：
He worked out the problem in a simple way．他用简单的方法算出了这道

题。
In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends．
就这样一连过了好几天，艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
注意：如果in a way单独使用，way前不加任何修饰语，意为“在某种
程度上；在某些方面（某一点上）”。如： The article is well written in a way．从
某种程度上来说，这篇文章写得不错。 in no way 意为“决不；一点也不”，
后果。）
80、late; lately; later; latest
late可作形容词或副词，意为“迟（的）；晚（的）”。如： He often comes late
for school．他上学常迟到。 They were late for the film．他们看电影迟到了。

lately是副词， 意为“最近；近来”相当于recently，常与现在完成时连用。
常用来加强语气。如：
They are in no way similar to each other．他们毫无相似之处。
on the way 意为“在途中”，其后常接to，表示“在去某地或做某事的
路上”。如：
He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema．他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢
了。
76、indifferent, different
indifferent冷漠的，不关心的，同to搭配。如：He was indifferent to his personal
appearance.（他从前不注意自己的外表。）
different跟……不一样，同from搭配。如：This book is different from that one.
（这本书跟那本不一样。）
77、industrial, industrious
industrial工业的，产业的。如：Italy is becoming an industrial nation.（意大利
逐步成为工业国。）
industrious勤劳的，勤奋的。如：He is an industrious student.（他是个用功的
学生。）
78、influence, effect
都有“影响”之意。
influence可作动词、名词，指对某人的思想行为、性格等产生影响。如：She
was influenced by her middle school teachers.（她受中学时的老师影响。）
effect用作动词意为“造成”，“产生”， 用作名词强调由于影响而产生特殊效
果。如：The effects of the medicine are very good.（药效很好。）
79、last, latest, final, ultimate
last最后的，与first相对，还可指“上一次的”。如：My seat is in the last
row.
latest最近的，指时间上。如：the latest news（最新消息）
final最后的，指在一系列的事物中是最后的，而且是结论性的，决定性的。
如：The judgment has become final.（这已是最后的判断。）
ultimate 最终的，最后的，用于正式场合，含有最高的和最有权威的结果。
如：He never considered the ultimate result of his action.（他从未考虑其行为的
如： I haven’t heard from him lately．我最近没收到他的来信。
later为late的比较级，意为“较迟的（地）”。另外，还可用作副词，意为
“后来”。如： He goes home later than anybody．他回家比谁都晚。 See you
later．回头见。
latest为late的最高级，意为“最迟的（地）”； 也相当于newest，意为“最
新的”。如： I go to bed latest in the family．我是家里睡觉最迟的。 Here is the
latest news from a broad．下面是来自国外的最新消息。
81、lie, lay
lie (vi.躺，说谎)和lay (放置)两者无论在意义上还是在词性上都有很大的差
别。值得注意的是他们常常由于过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式的异同而
引起误用。试比较：
原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie（躺） lay lain lying
lie（说谎） lied, lied lying
lay (放置) laid laid laying
例如：
Mr. Brown lay down to take a rest.
He laid his hand on my shoulder.

82、literal, literary, literate
literal文字上的，字面的。如：a literal interpretation of a passage（对一段文章
的字面解释）
literary文学的。如：literary works（文学作品）
literary有文化的（反义词是illiterate）,如：people applying for the job should be
computer literate.（申请这份工作的人应会使用电脑。）
83、much, very
都可表示“很”。
much用来修饰动词意义很强的过去分词；very一般修饰形容词或 已失去动作
意义的过去分词。
一些只作表语的形容词，一般多用much修饰。

very much是much的加强语，因此，能用much的地方，都能用very much。
修饰形容词原级用very，修饰比较级用much。
much可修饰名词，very不能。
84、occurhappentake placebreak out
均表示“发生”。
以上各词均是不及物动词，因此不可接宾语。但可以用作：sth. occur to sb.
或者sth .happen to sb。但两者的意思有所不同，sth occur to sb. 或者it occurs
persuade sb．to do sth．意为“说服某人干某事”，其结果是成功的（即成
功地说服某人干某事）。如：
Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last．汤姆终于说服他父亲戒烟
了。
advise sb．to do sth．意为“劝说某人干某事”，其结果可能是劳而无功（即
“说”而未“服”）。如：
She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen． 她劝她
to sb that…的意思是“某人想到了…例如：
The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to him.
Didn’t it occur to you that your husband might be late
happen to的意思是“某人遇到被卷入…”例如：
A traffic accident happened to Tom last night.
A strange thing happened to me on my way home yesterday.
注意：英语中表示出现的词，如：appear, emerge, turn up, show up等也都是
不及物动词，而在汉语中，表示上述两种意思的词有时候可 以跟宾语，而英
语中是不可以的。例如：
我的家乡发生了很大变化。
译文：Many changes have taken place in my hometown.
on the way, in the way
on the way在前往…的路上，in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.
85、one another；each other
两者均表示“互相；彼此 ”，为代词，仅作动词或介词的宾语，不作其
它成分。两者虽可换用，但each other多用于两者之间的关系，one another
多用于三者或三者以上之间的情况。例如： We both see each other at the office
every day．我们俩每天在办公室碰面。 The six blind men couldn’t agree with
one another．这六个瞎子各执己见。 They hate each other／one another．他们
互相憎恨。
86、out of question, out of the question
out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的
66
87、persist, insist
persist坚持，后面常接介词in。如：He persisted in carrying on his work in spite
of great fatigue.（他虽然疲倦极了，可仍坚持工作。）
insist坚持，后面接介词on，也可直接连用that引导的名词从句。如：He insisted
on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.)
88、persuade do sth.； advise do sth.； try to persuade sb．to do sth．
的父母戒烟，但他们不愿听。
try to persuade sb．to do sth．意为“尽力说服某人干某事”，相当于advise
sb．to do sth。如：
I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed． 我尽力劝他继续学习，
但没有成功。
89、prefer…to…；prefer to… rather than…
两个动词短语均可作“喜欢……而不喜欢……”或“宁愿……而不愿……”
解，其后均可接名词。例如： I prefer volleyball to basketball（＝I prefer to
volleyball rather than basketball）． 我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。
主要区别在于：prefer…to…之后接动词时，均用- ing形式。例如： He prefers
walking to cycling． 他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。
而prefer to…rather than…之后接动词时，均要用动词原形。例如： Liu Hulan
preferred to die rather than surrender(投降、屈服) before the enemy． 刘胡兰在
敌人面前宁死不屈。 Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle． 小吴喜欢工
作而不喜欢闲坐。 空闲的
90、preserve, conserve, reserve
Preserve保存，后面常接介词in。如：The ship is equipped with special
refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.（船上设有特殊冷藏
设备，在整个航程中保存食物。）
conserve保存 ，储藏，强调采取措施精心保护某物，防止不必要的浪费，损
失或变化。如：He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.（他
正在为最后２０米冲刺保存实力。）
reserve留存（在资金，人力，原料等），保留（权力等）。如：Reserve enough
money for your home fare.（留足你回家的路费。）
91、probable, possible, likely
probable很可能的，大概的，语气较possible强。如：It is probable that the cost
will be greater than we think.（花费很可能比我们料想的要多。）
possible强调客观上可能性，但常带有“实际可能性很小”的暗示。如：It’
s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms. (他有可能接受这

些条件，但希望很小。)
likely暗示从表面迹象来判断“有可能的”。如：It is likely that he will come.
（他多半会来。）

92、realizerecognizeidentify
realize的意思是“ 认识到，实现”。recognize的意思是“认出”。identify
的意思是“辨认”。例如：
Does he realize his error yet
We must work hard to realize the plan.
He recognized his long lost brother at a glance.
I recognized his voice through telephone though we have not seen for many
years.
Can you identify your own baggage among the hundreds of others

93、respectable, respected, respectful, respective
都是形容词。
respectable可尊敬的，值得尊重的。如：His parents were poor but respectable.
（他父母虽穷却令人尊敬。）
respected表示受人尊敬的，可用于对年长的人，权威性的意见等。
respectful指“充满敬意的”，是主动性的尊重他人。如：The students were very
respectful towards the great man.（这些学生对这位伟人十分敬仰。）
respective表“各自分别的”，修饰名词时，名词一般用复数。如：They went
back to their respective houses.（他们回了各自的家。）


94、say, speak, talk, tell
say着重所说的话，可用作及物动词，带宾语从句。
Speak着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容， 一般作不及物动词，用作及物动
词，宾语只能是某种语言等少数几个名词，不能接that从句。
Talk表示通过谈话方式交换意见、思想、消息等，一般只作不及物动词。
Tell表示告诉，有时兼含“嘱咐”，“命令”等。Tell the truth说真话，tell a lie
说谎，tell a story讲故事等为固定搭配。Tell是及物动词，但其后不跟that从
句。
||95、senseless, sensible, sensitive
senseless愚蠢的（常作定语）；无知觉的（常作表语）。
Sensible懂事的，明智的。如：He is a sensible child.（他是个懂事的孩子。）
Sensitive有感觉的，敏感的。如：Eyes are very sensitive to light.（眼睛对光敏
感。）
96、so，such

(1)so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词，
例如，My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么
快以至于我跟不上他。
He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。
(2)so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构 是“so+形容词
+aan+可数名词单数”.
such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不 可数名词，名词前可以有形容词
作定语，其结构是“such+aan+形容词+可数名词单数”，“s uch+形容词+可数
名词复数不可数名词”，
.例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪
明的孩子。
It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)
It is so cold weather.(误)
They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正)
They are so good students. (误)
(3)如果可数名词复数前有many，few或不可数名词前有mu ch，little修
饰，用so不用such.
例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数
so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词

97、sometime，sometimes，some time, some times
sometime：某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时
sometimes：有时，不时的
some time：一段时间
some times：几次，几倍
.例如，We’ll have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间，我
们要进行一次测试。
Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时
不忙。
He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时
间。
I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。

98、sometimes, some time, sometime, some times
词形相近，但意义和用法不同。
sometimes有时。如：I sometimes play tennis.（我有时打网球。）
some times有几次。如：I have been to the Great Wall for some times.（我去长
城有好几次了。）
sometime某个时候，指过去或将来的不确定时间。如：I will buy a car sometime
Wage工资，指定期支付给体力劳动者或临时工的工资，常用复数。如：He
works at wages of ten dollars a week.（他每周工资１０美元。）
102、sitseatset
sit是不及物动词，意思是“坐”，又是不规则动词，变化形式为：sit, sat,
sat.
seat是及物动词，意思是“使…坐”。例如：
The baby sits at the table.
in the future.（将来我会买车的。）
some time一段时间。如：I have been a teacher for some time.（我当老师已有
些年头了。）
99、submit, surrender, yield
都有“让步，屈服”之意。
submit表示“甘心忍受”，作及物动词时 ，宾语为反身代词，但一般为不及物
动词，后接介词to 。
surrender“投降” ，强调“被迫投降，压力很大”，是不及物动词，后接介词
to；用作及物动词时，表因战败或被迫“交 出”，“放弃”某些事物。
yield“投降”，与surrender 大致同义，但是指“温和的让步”。

100、free, vacant, empty
free空的，指清除了或缺少了某物，与of 或from连用。如：She is free from
anxiety.（她无忧无虑。）She is free of him.（她摆脱了他。）
empty空的，指里面什么东西都没有。如：The case is empty.（这是个空
箱子。）
vacant空闲的，指地方没有被占用。如：One day, man can make full use of vacant
space.（将来，人们会充分利用浩瀚的天空。）
empty，vacant和相同的名词连用时，含义不同。如an empty house指房子里
既无家具也无人，空荡荡的。而a vacant house指房子没有被人占用，里面可
有家具，也可无家具。
2009年成人学位英语考试同义词近义词辨析108题（11）
英语词汇 2009-03-19 22:30:39 阅读1069 评论0 字号：大中小
101、pay, salary, wage
pay薪金，泛指对付出劳动给予的报酬， 不分发放对象，只用单数，尤指军
队的军饷。如：They are asking for equal pay for equal work.他们要求同工同酬。

Salary工资，指按月或年支付给脑力劳动者的工资。如：The family lives on his
salary.（全家人靠他的工资生活。）
The baby is seated at the table.
103、warn sb. of, warn sb. against
warn sb. of提醒某人注意某事，warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事
warm him against swimming in that part of the river
104、weather, climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is
not good for you.
105、work, job
二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job
106、wear, put on, dress
wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in,
put on表动作 It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
107、worth, worthless, worthwhile, worthy
worth值……钱，值得……的。如：This house is worth a lot of money.（这房
值很多钱。）The radio program is worth listening to. （这广播节目值得听。）
worthless无价值的，无用的(可作定语和表语，无比较级)。如：These stamps
are worthless.（这些邮票无价值。）Don’t read worthless books.（不要读些没
用的书。）
worthwhile值得的（可作定语和表语）。如：That is a worthwhile program.（那
是一个值得听的节目。）So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.（当今有价值
的电影很少。）
worthy（１）有价值的，可尊敬的（常作定语）。如：The teacher was a worthy
man.（那位老师是可尊敬的人。（）２）值得的（常作表语）。如：The man is worthy
of praise.（这人值得称赞。）它的动词句式是be worthy to be done (be worth
doing).
108、zone, district, area, region, belt
zone地带，地区，区域，指某一特定的地方或区域。如：Most of China is in the
temperate zone.（中国的大部分地区在温带。）
district区，行政区，指一国家或城市按行政区的划分。如：the economic

development district（经济开放区）
area面积，范围，一般用语，没有明确的外围界限，也可指占地面积。如：
The factory covers an area of 500 mu.（这工厂占地５０亩。）
region地区，指较大范围内的区域，一般按自然条件和自身特点划分。如：
an autonomous region（自治区）
belt地带，通常指狭长的地带。如：The northern part of the country is usually
regarded as the wheat belt.（这国家的北部通常被看作小麦种植地带。）
passenger n. 乘客
injury vt 损害，毁坏；伤害
trend n 趋势
lowest adj 最低的，最小的
appear v 出现，看来
affect vt 影响
base vt 以……为基础
n 基础
increase v 增加，增长
decrease v 减少，降低
village n 村庄
seatbelt
at a speed of
vehicle
responsibility
reverse
collection
valid
certificate

circumstance
court
legal
document
local
deliver
invitation
intelligence
vary
sharper
conclude
climate
definite
effect
mental
favorable
creative
tend
n 安全带
以……的速度
n 交通工具，车辆
n 责任
vt 倒车
n 收藏，征收
adj 有效的，正当的
n 证书，证明书
vt 发给证明书
n 境况
n 法庭，庭院
adj 法律的，合法的
n 文件
adj 当地的，地方的
vt 递送；演讲
n 邀请
n 智力
vt 改变，变化
n 磨具
vt 做出结论
n 气候
adj 明确的，一定的
n 效果，影响
adj 智力的，精神的
adj 成的
adj 创造性的
vi 趋向，往往是
set down 放下，制定
community n 团体，社区
typical adj 典型的
exist vi 存在，生存
condition n 条件，情形
common adj 普通的，共同的
poverty n 贫穷
ignorance n 无知
puzzle vt （使）迷惑
n 迷，难题
suspicious(of) adj 怀疑的，可疑的
political adj 政治的
journalist n 记者
share n&vt 分享，参与
plain n 平原，草原
adj 简单的，普通的
bumpy adj （道路）颠簸的
rough adj 粗糙的
climb vt 攀登，攀爬
magnificent adj 华丽的，宏伟的
suitable adj 适当的，合适的
search v&n 搜寻，查究
for prep 为了，因为，对于，适合于
conj 因为
confuse vt 使糊涂
dismiss vt 解散，开除
publication n 出版，出版物

peaceful adj 和平的，平静的
situate vt使位于，使处于（常用于被动）
reward n 报酬，酬劳
scale n 比例，范围
create vt 创造
prospect n 前景
provide vt 提供
finance n 财政，金融
vt 筹措资金，供给……的费用
permanent adj 永久的，持久的
exchange vt 交换，交易
issue n 问题
vt 发行
circulation n 循环，流通
individual n 个人，个体
adj 个别的，单独的
institution n 制度，协会
overseas adj&adv 海外
originally adv 最初，原先
stockbroker n 证券经纪人
seek v 寻找，探索
invest v 投资
industry n 工业，产业
function n 功能，作用
authority n 权威，权力
continuous adj 连续的，持续的
national adj 国家的，国立（有）的
properly adv 适当地，完全地
frequently adv 频繁地
involve vt 包括，潜心于
rely v 依靠，信赖
financial adj 财政的，金融的
resources n 资源，财力，智谋
depend on 依靠，依赖
obtain vt 获得，得到
transfer vt 转移
essential adj 实质的，基本的，必须的
arise vi 出现，发生
audience n 观众，听众
constant adj 不变的，恒常的
characteristic adj 典型的
n 特征
assume vt 假定
take … for granted 认为……理所当然
schedule n 进度表
v 确定时间
substance n 物质，实质
mass n 大众，大量
swiftly adv 很快地，即刻
rapidly adv 迅速地
steadily adv 稳定地，有规则地
hesitatingly adv 支支吾吾地，踌躇地
boldly adv 大胆地
humble adj 卑微的，谦卑的
establish vt 建立
congress n （代表）大会
flight n 飞行，飞机航班
artificial adj 人造的
dove n 鸽子
lifetime n 一生，寿命
inborn adj 天生的
guidance n 指导，指南
direction n 方向
apparently adv 显然地
principal adj 主要的，首要的
navigation n 航行
navigate v 航行
landmark n 地标，陆标
range n 山脉，范围
course n 过程
recently adv 最近
brood n (动物中鸟或家禽的)一窝, 一伙

unworthy adj 不值得的，不足取的
respect n&vt 尊敬，尊重
detail n 细节，详情
action n 动作，行为，作用
private adj 私人的，隐私的
incident n （小）事件
treasure n 珍宝
vt 珍视
silence n 寂静，沉默
opportunity n 机会，机遇
participate vt 参与
disregard n&v 漠视，不理
conversation n 交谈
former adj 先前的
brilliant adj 有才气的，闪耀的
charm n 魅力
unproductive adj 徒然的，不起作用的
annoyance n 厌烦，讨厌之事
terribly adv 可怕地，十分
bore vt 使厌烦
outstand v 突出
take delight in 从……获得乐趣
enthusiasm n 热情
bet n&v 打赌
rough adj 粗糙的
pay attention to 注意……
skill n 技巧，技能
plate n 盘子
humor n 幽默，诙谐
temper n 脾气，性情
canned adj 罐装的
bake v 烘焙，烤
doorstep n 门阶
canteen n 食堂
pursue vt 追求，继续，从事
trade n 贸易，行业
employment n 雇佣，职业
rarely adv 很少地，罕有地
train vt 培训
n 火车
occupation n 职业，占有
choice n 选择
acquire vt 获得，学到
economic adj 经济的，经济学的
independence n 独立，自主
textile n 纺织品
customary adj 习惯的，惯例的
widespread adj 普遍的，分布广泛的
double adj 双倍的，双重的
v （使）加倍
substantial adj 实质的，真实的
wage n 工资
dominant adj 占优势的
advantage n 有利条件，优势
accrue vi 自然增加，产生
necessity n 必要性
dominant adj 占优势的
profound adj 深刻的，意义深远的
enormous adj 巨大的，庞大的
unfit adj 不适宜的，不适当的
research n&v 研究，调查
relate vt 讲述，使联系
liable adj 有责任的，有义务的
contract n 合同
characteristic adj 典型的
n 特征
nitrate n 硝酸盐
commonly adj 普通地，一般地
preserve vt 保护，保持
additive adj 附加的
n 添加剂
carcinogenic adj 致癌物（质）的

package n 包裹，包
label n 标签
vt 贴标签，分类
process n 过程
vt 处理，加工
penicillin n 青霉素
domestic adj 家庭的，驯养的
penicillin n 青霉素
medicinal adj 医学的，医药的
purpose n 目的，意图
drug n 药，毒品
procedure n 程序，手续
virtually adv 事实上，实际上
treatment n 待遇，处理，治疗
potentially adv 潜在地
substance n 物质，实质，主旨
vegetable n 蔬菜
statement n 声明，陈述
consist由……组成，在于（in）
glimpse n 一瞥
v 瞥见
expansion n 扩充，膨胀
theory n 理论
memorize vt 记住
teapot n 茶壶
acupuncture n 针灸（疗法）
justify vt 证明……是正当的
creativity n 创造力
retain vt 保持，保留
rock n 岩石
v 摇摆
vine n 藤蔓
ancient adj 远古的，旧的
pitching n 铺底石
sew v 缝制，缝合
feather n 羽毛
hay n 干草
warlike 好战的
instruction n 指导，说明书
title n 头衔，标题
energy n 精力，活力；能量
creature n 人，动物，创造物
grain n 谷物
coal n 煤
fuel n 燃料
carbon n 碳
compound n 化合物，混合物
waterpower n 水力
vapor n 水蒸气
convert vt 转变……，使……转变信仰
transmit v 传输(信号) ，传送
absorb vt 吸收，吸引
atmosphere n 大气，气氛
entire adj 全部的，整个的
radiant adj 发光的，辐射的
gasoline n 汽油
atomic adj 原子的，原子能的
psychologist n 心理学家
maintain vt 维持，维修
perform vt 表演，执行，表现
muscle n 肌肉
participate vt 参与
symphonic adj 交响乐的，和声的
attractor n 引起注意的人
orchestra n 管弦乐队
conductor n 指挥
behavior n 行为，举止
derive v 得自，起源
performance n 表演，执行
noticeable adj 显而易见的，值得注意的
actually adv 实际上
rate n 比率

waterway n 水路
transportation n 运输
safety n 安全
conclude v 做出结论
factor n 因素
occur vi 发生，出现
license n 许可，执照
v 许可
universally adv 普遍地
drunken adj 喝醉的
boat n 船
lane n 巷子，航线
restriction n 限制，约束
harbor n 海港
brake n 闸，刹车
v 刹车
combine v （使）联合
wave n 波浪
tiredness n 疲倦，疲劳
moderate adj 适度的，适中的
an amount of 相当(数量) 的
alcohol n 酒精
boater n 乘船者
judgment n 判断
worsen v （使）变得更坏，恶化
increasingly adv 日益，愈加
crow n 乌鸦
grant vt 授予，同意，拨款
n 拨款
operator n 操作员，接线员
strengthen v 加强，巩固
offender n 冒犯者
lack n&v 缺乏
equip vt 装备，配备
offender n 冒犯者
idle adj 懒惰的，游手好闲的
v 游手好闲 ，虚度
reliable adj 可靠的，可信赖的
source n 来源
origin n 起源
basis n 基础，基本原理
critical adj 批评的
utter adi 全然的，绝对的
vt 说，讲，发生
prevail vi 流行，盛行
vague adj 含糊的，不清楚
dull adj 无趣的，呆滞的
pessimistic adj 悲观的
nourish vt 滋养，使健壮
starve v 饿死
embarrass vt 使困窘，使尴尬
concept n 观念，概念
steelworker n 钢铁工厂的工人
grocer n 杂货店
delivery n 递送，传输
abstract n 摘要，抽象
adj 抽象的
v 抽象化，提炼
resource n 资源，财力，智谋
except n 除了……之外
seaside n 海滨，海边
paragraph n 段落
concrete adj 具体的
retire vi 退休，隐退
mild adj 温和的
Atlantic n 大西洋
Adj 大西洋的
ocean n 大洋，海洋
coastal adj 海岸的，沿海的
region n 区域，地方
bamboo n 竹子
semi-tropical adj 亚热带的

ripen v （使）成熟
popular adj 通俗的，流行的
a variety of 多种多样的
crime n 犯罪，犯罪行为
possession n 拥有，占有
suffer v 遭受，经历
tremendous adj 极大的，巨大的
burglary n 入室行窃
assault n&vt 攻击，袭击
figure n 数字，体形
indicate vt 指出，显示
fortunately adv 幸运地
statistics n 统计学，统计数字
really adv 真正得，实在地
victim n 受害人，牺牲者（品）
fortunately adv 幸运地
definite adj 明确的，一定的
burglar n 夜贼
alarm n 警报
vt 警告
system n 系统，体制
effective adj 有效的
simple adj 简单的
operate v 操作，运作；动手术
affordable adj 可以承受的
leaflet n 传单
tear off 撕掉
ship n 船只
postage n 邮资
alternatively adv 二者择一地，作为选择地
aware adj 意识到的，明白的
impression n 印象
elementary adj 初步的，基本的
everlasting adj 永恒的，持久的
experimental adj 实验的，根据实验的
economical adj 节约的
claim n&v 要求，主张
complicate v （使）复杂
discourage vt 使气馁
prehistoric adj 史前的
post-war adj 战后的
era n 时代
widespread adj 分布广泛的，普遍的
relieve v 减轻，解除
routine n 日常事务，例行公事
dramatic adj 戏剧性的，生动的
foresee vt 预见，预知
over-trusting adj 过分信任的
reluctant adj 勉强的
challenge v&n 挑战
button n 纽扣
malfunction n 故障
v 不正常发挥作用
obviously adv 明显地
invest v 投资，购买
internal adj 内在的
substitute vt 代替
n 替代品
fundamental adj 根本的，基本的
investment n 投资
shortcoming n 缺点，短处
recommend vt 推荐
exclusively adv 排外地，专有地
knowledge n 知识
present-day adj 现在
challenging adj 有挑战性的
psychological adj 心理（上）的
infer v 推断
disapprove v 不赞成
maintenance n 维护，维持
entirely adv 完全地
decision-making adj 作决定的

decorate vt 装饰
be composed of 由……组成
opponent adj 对立的，对抗的
n 对手，敌手
chief adj 主要的，首席的
n 首领
scarcely adv 几乎不，简直没有
yield vt 出产，生产
vi （to）屈服于
n 产量，收益
exhaust v 耗尽，筋疲力尽
respective adj 分别的，各自的
responsible adj 有责任感的，可靠的
be satisfied with 对……满意
insurance 保险
policy n 保险单
envelope n 信封
candy n 糖果
philosopher n 哲学家
psychologist n 心理学家
psychology n 心理学
praise n& vt 赞扬，称赞
fatherhood n 父亲身份，父权
volume n 卷、册，音量
household n 一家人，家庭
reflect v 反映，表现；反省
exactly adv 正确地，确切地
in the habit of 有……的习惯
liar n 说谎者
particularly adv 独特地，显著地
intention n 意图
fulfill vt 实现，完成
politician n 政治家，政客
profit n 利润，得益
behavior n 行为，举止
apparently adv 显然地
tend to 倾向于
observer n 观察者，观测者
evil adj 邪恶的
advantage n 优势，有利条件
relationship n 关系
emotions n 情绪，情感
journey n 旅行，旅程
wealth n 财产，财富
influence n 影响
prospect n 前景,前途
quality n 质量
kid n 小孩
v 开玩笑，取笑
confuse vt 使糊涂
indulgence n 放任
spoil v 毁坏；溺爱
privilege n 特权
self- assured adj 有自信的
inherit v 继承
property n 财产，所有物（权）
isolation n 隔离，孤立
tremendous adj 极大的，巨大的
moral adj 道德上的
n 道德
worm n 虫
interfere vi 干涉，妨碍，打扰
insist v 坚持，强调
relative n 亲戚
adj 有关系的，相对的，比较而言的
mechanical adj 机械的
maintenance n 维护，维持
cease v 停止，终了
provision n. 条款
n. 准备,食物,供应
v. 供以...食物及必需品
drug n 药，毒品

opportunity n 机会，机遇
principle n 法则，原则，原理
imply vt 暗示，意味
emphasis n 强调，重点
conceit n 自负，自大
confident adj 自信的，确信的
spoil vt 损坏，溺爱
cautiously adv 慎重地
delight n 快乐，高兴
vt 使快乐
solution n 解决，解决办法，解决方案
overnight n. 前晚
adj 通宵的,晚上的,前夜的
adv 在前一夜,整夜,昨晚一晚上
be associated with 与……联合
grammar n 语法
slogan n 口号，标语
retire vi 退休，隐退
supplementary n 增补物
adj 辅助的
auxiliary adj 辅助的
responsibility n 责任，职责
look after 照料，照看
comparatively adv 比较地，相当地
criticize vt 批评，责备
inhabitant n 居民，居住者
dull adj 无趣的，呆滞的
reveal vt 展现，揭示
gradually adv 逐渐地
cooperation n 合作
hitch n 猛拉,急止
v 猛拉,系住
minor adj 较小的，次要的
n 未成年人
arrangement n 安排
entertainment n 娱乐，娱乐表演
secrecy n 秘密，保密
facility n 设备，便利
maintain 维持，维修
mission n 使命，任务
cable n 电报，电缆
negotiation n 谈判
extremely adv 极端地，非常地
view n 景色，观点
quote vt 引用
distinguish v 区别，辨别
press v 压， 按
n 新闻
range n 山脉，范围
sensational adj 使人感动的
feature n 特色
crime n 犯罪，犯罪行为
rumor n 谣言
focus on 集中于，聚焦于
factual adv 事实的，实际的
analysis n 分析
entertain v 娱乐，招待，款待
taste v 品尝
n 味道
persuasion n 说服，说服力
extremist adj 极端主义的
n 极端主义者
essentially adv 本质上
moderate adj 中等的，适中的
democratic adj 民主的
responsible adj 有责任感的，可靠的
irresponsible adj 不负责任的，不可靠的
for instance 例如
scandal n 丑闻，流言蜚语
tendency n 趋向，趋势
characteristic adj 典型的
n 特征

shortcoming n 缺点，短处
take one’s time doing 花时间做……
account for 解释
tolerate vt 忍受，容忍
convince vt 使确信，使信服
personalize vt 个人化，使成为个人的
illustrate v 举例说明，图解
personalization n 个人化，人格化
measurement n 度量，测量
subscribe v 捐赠，订阅，签署，赞成
battle n 战役
ruler n 统治者
overthrown 被推翻的
accurate 正确的，精确的
fashion n 流行，风尚
section n 部分，断片
cartoon n 卡通，漫画
slip v 滑到
tidy adj 整齐的
indeed adv 真正地
narrow adj 狭窄的
prepare v 准备
lane n 巷子，航线
explosion n 爆发
mark n 标志，分数
v 做标记(于)
actually adv 实际上，事实上
capable adj 有能力的，有才干的
lead to 导致
predict v 预知，预言
consumer n 顾客
data n 数据
economist n 经济学家
traditional adj 传统的
assumption n 假设
reliable adj 可信的，可靠的
hasten v 催促，加速，促进
survey n&v 调查
expectation n 期望
stimulate n&v 激励，刺激
typical adj 典型的
mechanic n 技工
purchase vt 购买
furthermore adv 此外，而且
resistance n 反抗，抵抗
investigation n 调查、研究
carry out 执行，实现
stable adj 稳定的
sensitive adj 敏感的
conclusion n 结论
despite of 不顾
investigation n 调查、研究
sack vt 解雇
presently adv 目前
generally adv 一般地，通常
expression n 表达，表情
describe vt 描述
device n 装置
discovery n 发现，发明之物
engineer n 工程师
satellite n 卫星
manufacture vt&n 制造，加工
improvement n 改进，进步
electronic adj 电子的
revolution n 革命
infer v 推断
plough n 犁
oxen ox的复数 n 水牛
rapid adj 迅速的
cheat v 欺骗，作弊
n 欺骗，骗子
deadline n 最终期限

regardless adj 不顾，不管
professor n 教授
define n 定义，详细说明
breakdown n 崩溃，衰弱
term n 学期；术语
permanently 永存地；不变的
flunk （使）失败，（使）不及格
vital 生死攸关的，重大的
convince 使确信，使信服
forgivable 可宽恕的
widespread 普遍流行的，分布广泛的
tolerant 容忍的，宽恕的
civilization n 文明
nonsense n 胡说，废话
decline v 下降；拒绝
coal n 煤
attitude n 态度
occupation n 职业，占有
establish v 建立
welfare n 福利
homeward adj 在归途上的，向家的
adv 在归途上
generation n 一代人，一代
sharp adj 锐利的
positive adj 肯定的，积极的
negative adj 否定的，消极的
neutral adj 中立的
ordinary adj 平常的，普通的
equator n 赤道
wheel n 轮子
region n 区域
delight n 快乐，高兴
vt 使快乐
aero plane n 飞机
in practice 实际上
atmosphere n 大气，氛围
frequently adv 频繁地
substitute v 代替
n 代替品
imagination n 想象
obstacle n 障碍，障碍物
sensitive adj 敏感的
magnificent adj 华丽的，宏大的
spectacle n 景观，奇观
microscope n 显微镜
telescope n 望远镜
constituent n 成份,选民,构成物
adj构成的,组织的,有提名权的
set aside把……放在一边
awareness n 知道，晓得，意识
arouse v 引起，唤醒，睡醒
media n 媒体
commercial adj 商业的，贸易的
permanent adj 永久的，持久的
attraction n 吸引，吸引物
no doubt 毫无疑问
strike n 罢工
v 打击，殴打，罢工
scale n 比例，范围
prevent v 阻止，预防
convince vt 使确信，使信服
suspicion n 猜疑，怀疑
circumstance n 境况
origin n 起源
represent v 表现，象征
bring up 把……抚养大
recall vt 回想，回忆
peal n 钟声
v (使)鸣响
charming adj 迷人的
above all 首要地
poet n 诗人

convey vt 传达，转让
association n 协会，联想，结交，联合
literary adj 文学上的
prehistoric adj 史前的
accuracy n 准确性，精确性
slave n 奴隶
v 辛勤努力
surrounding n 环境
adj 周围的
specialist n 专家，专业人士
Originally adv 最初，原先
Specific adj 具体的，详尽的
task n 任务
protect vt 保护
characteristic adj 典型的
n 特征
secure adj 安全的，可靠的
v 保护
loyal adj 忠诚的，忠心的
consequently adv 因此
affection n 爱，影响
establish v 建立
transfer vt 转移，转调
mention vt 提及，说到
particular adj 特殊的，特别的
cope vi 应付，处理
guy n 家伙，人
inspire v 鼓舞，激发
heroic adj 英雄的，英勇的
scenery n 风景，景色
voter n 投票者，选民
demonstrator n 示威者
distinguish v 区分，辨别
minister n 部长，大臣
solemn adj 庄严的，严肃的
expertise n 专家意见，专门技术
mosquito n 蚊子
spring up vi 跳起(发生,萌芽,出现)
resource n 资源，财力，智谋
argue v 说服，争论
civilization n 文明
multiply v 乘，增加
concentrate on 集中精神于
fear n&v 害怕，恐惧
primary adj 初级的，主要的，首要的
ignore vt 忽视
trial n 试验，审讯
error n 错误，过失
take advantage of 利用
acupuncture n 针灸治疗法
patient n 病人
flexible adj 灵活的
available adj 可利用的
skillful adj 灵巧的，熟练的
theory n 理论
estimate n&v 估计，评估
complex adj 复杂的
n 联合体
division n 分开，区分
salary n 薪水
play an important role 发挥重要作用
reject vt 拒绝，否决
public n 公众
adj 公众的，公共的
opinion n 意见，看法，主张
poll n 民意测验
delay n&v 耽误，延迟
productivity n 生产力
retain vt 保持，保留
phase n 阶段
definitely adv 明确地
pregnant adj 怀孕的

definitely adv 明确地
participation n 分享，参与
subsequent adj 后来的
beneficial adj 受益的
sufficient adj 充分的，足够的
comprehension n 理解 ，包括
compound n 混合物
adj 复合的
complicated adj 复杂的
competent adj 能胜任的
slender adj 苗条的
convey vt 传达，转让
contribute v 贡献，捐献
conquer vt 征服，克服
significance n 意义，重要性
plastics n 整形外科，外科修补术
relay n 中继，接替
v (信息，货物等)分程传递
region n 区域，地方
satellite n 卫星
equator n 赤道
press agency n 通讯社
prohibit vt 禁止，阻止
bound n. 跃,回跳,范围
adj 约束的,装订的,有义务的
v 跳跃
shift n. 变化,移动,接班
v 改变,移转
revolve v 使旋转
spin v 旋转
circle n 圆周
盘旋，围绕
spot n 斑点，污点；现场，场所
permanently adv 永存地，不变地
periodically adv 周期性地
suppress vt 镇压，抑制
distribute v 分发，分配
slam n 砰然声,猛然
v 猛然关上,砰地关上
acquaintance n 相识，熟人
examination n 考试，检查
candidate n 候选人
resemble vt 相似，像
automobile n 汽车
investigation n 调查，研究
indispensable adj 不可缺少的
promotion n 促进，提升
competition n 竞争，竞赛
familiarize v 熟悉
numerous adj 众多的，无数的
criticism n 批评，批判
oratory n 讲演术
applause n 鼓掌欢迎
disappoint v 使失望
appreciate v 赏识，鉴赏，感激
simplicity n 简单
courteous adj 有礼貌的，恭谦的
style n 风格
demonstrate v 证明 ；示威
fragrant adj 芬芳的，香的
switch n 开关，转换
vt 转换
classic adj 经典的
apparently adv 明显地
wisdom n 智慧
resist vt 抵抗，反抗
temptation n 诱惑，诱惑物
delicious adj 美味的
flavor n 风味，滋味
perceive v 觉察到，感知到
neglect vt&n 忽略，疏忽
assignment n 分配，委任，任务

in spite of 尽管
in honor of adj为纪念(为向...表示敬意,为庆祝)
in favor of adj赞成(支持,有利于,较大)
criminal n 罪犯
adj 犯罪的，犯法的
ideology n 意识形态
endure v 忍耐 ，耐久
reject vt 拒绝，抵制
survive v 幸免于，幸存
sentimental a. 感伤性的,感情脆弱的
nationwide adj 全国性的
diligent adj 勤勉的，用功的
display v 展现，陈列
arrange v 安排，排列
recall v 回想，回忆
application n 请求，申请
register v 登记，注册
n 注册，注册表
guess v&n 猜测
inch n 英寸
assume v 假设，设想，采用，呈现
make use of 利用
capacity n 容量，才能
forehead n 前额
ugly adj 丑陋的
limb n 肢，分支
release vt 释放
artificial adj 人造的
environment n 环境
tanker n 油轮
underlying 在下面的，潜在的，根本的
individual n 个人，个体
adj 个别的，单独的
wrap v&n 包装
dispose v 处理，部署
combine v （使）联合，（使）结合
cut out 删掉
excess n 过度，超额
过度的，超额的
receipt n 收条，收据
v 收到
volcano n 火山
liquid n 液体
dash n. 冲撞,破折号
v. 猛掷,泼溅,冲撞
naked adj 裸的，无遮盖的
spider n 蜘蛛
center n 中心
v 集中
mysterious adj 神秘的
bare adj 赤裸的，无遮蔽的
vt 使赤裸，露出
insect n 昆虫
muscle n 肌肉
tennis n 网球运动
complicate v （使）变复杂
chain n 链，一连串，一系列
virtue n 美德，优点
unselfishness n 不自私，慷慨
discipline n 纪律，学科
v 训练
instead of 代替
coordinate n 同等的人物,同位格
adj 同等的,等位的
v 协调,整合,综合
challenge vt&n 挑战
explanation n 解释
amaze vt 使吃惊
conserve vt 保存，保藏
flu n 流感
be bound to 必然（不得不，必须）
abandoned adj 被抛弃的

career n 事业，生涯
suspicion n 猜疑，怀疑
eager adj 热心于，渴望着
desperate adj 令人绝望的
urgent adj 紧急的，急迫的
earnest adj 认真的，热心的
n 认真，热心
relatively adv 相关地，相对地
inquirer n 询问的人，调查者
compliment vt&n 称赞，恭维
reveal vt 展现，揭示
corporation n 公司
detective n 侦探
recover v 恢复
previous adj 在前的，早先的
enable vt 使能够
relax v 放松，休养
fall asleep 入睡
drowsy adj 昏昏欲睡的
approximately adv 近似地，大约
convenient adj 方便的
comparatively adv 比较地，相当地
expensive adj 昂贵的
knob n 球形把手
passive adj 被动的
current adj 当前的，流通的
charm n 魅力，吸引力
major adj 主要的
vi 主修
n 主修课
summarize v 总结，概括
promotion n 促进，提升
confusion n 混乱，混淆
vocational adj 职业的
pattern n 模式，式样
status n 地位，身份
leisure n 闲暇，悠闲
career n 事业，生涯
ruin v 毁灭
ultimately adv 最后，终于
wreck n （飞机、船只）失事
vt 破坏，拆毁
splendid adj 极好的，壮丽的
miserable adj 痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的
disgust v 令人厌恶，令人作呕
available adj 可以利用的
actual adj 实际的，真实的
estimate n&v 估计，评估
calculate v 计算，计划
transport vt 传送，运输
transfer vt 传输，转移
transmit vt 传输，传播，发送
transform vt 改变，改造
snowflake n 雪花
ceremony n 典礼，仪式
alter v 改变
symbol n 符号，象征
interfere vi 干涉，干预
primary adj 主要的，初步的
philosophy n 哲学
profound adj 深刻的，意义深远的
academic adj 学术的
drop out 退出，退学
youngster n 年轻人，青年
spot n 斑点，污点，场所，现场
tension n 紧张
comparison n 比较，对照
rescue v 营救，援救
eventually adv 最终，终于
drought n 干旱
rainfall n 降雨，降雨量
vast adj 巨大的

barren adj 贫瘠的
canal n 运河
annual adj 每年
oyster n 牡蛎
breed v 抚养，教养，繁殖
n 品种
roll n 卷
v 碾，轧
adj 卷起的
pray v 祈祷，恳求
in vain 枉费
ban n 禁令
v 禁止，取缔
lawn n 草坪
meter n 米
reverse v 倒转
adj 相反的，倒转的
misery n 痛苦，苦恼
fee n 费，酬金
get rid of 除去
bury v 掩埋，埋葬
petroleum n 汽油
dump vt 倾倒，倾销
fossil n 化石
steam n 蒸汽
barrel n 桶
bloom n 花
v （使）开花
horribly adv 可怕地，非常地
refrigerator n 冰箱
temporary adj 暂时的
lunchtime n 午饭时间
arrangement n 排列，安排
prior adj 优先的，在前的
departure n 出发，离开
cradle n 摇篮
have confidence in对……有信心
Adult n 成年人
obviously adv 明显地
evidence n 迹象，证据
physically adv 身体上地
investigation n 调查，研究
slim adj 苗条的
in comparison with与……相比较
intake n 引入，入口，通风口
adopt vt 采用，收养
participate vi 参与
session n 会议
instruct v 教导，指示
alternative adj 二者择一的，可选择的
vocabulary n 词汇表，词汇量
elephant n 大象
cage n 笼
intelligent 聪明的，有才智的，智能的
revolution n 革命，旋转
machinery n 机器，机械
make the most of 充分利用
sufficient adj 足够的，充分的
abundant adj 丰富的，充裕的，富于
crude adj 天然的，未加工的，粗鲁的
plow n 犁
poison n 毒药
vi 下毒；vt 毒害
weed n 野草，杂草
v 除草，铲除
nevertheless conj&adv 然而，不过
chill n 寒战，寒心
v 使冷，使害怕
self-reliant adj 自恃的，独断独行的
shopkeeper n 店主
overcharge v 过高收费
instrument n 工具，器械

environment n 环境
definition n 定义
authority n 权威，权力，职权
scholar n 学者
hamper v 妨碍
superior adj 优越的，较高的，上级的
isolate vt 使隔离，使孤立
mercy n 仁慈，宽恕
sympathy n 同情
brilliant adj 有才气的，闪耀的
cooperate v 合作，协作
trace n 痕迹，踪迹
v 追踪，上溯
moderate adj 适中的，适度的
conventional adj 惯例的，常规的，传统的
guilty adj 有罪的，心虚的
Intelligence n 智力，聪明
endless adj 无止境的
regard as 认为是，看作是
automobile n 汽车
enrich vt 使富足，使丰富
mental adj 精神的，智力的
stress vt 强调，着重
n 压力
recognition n 赞誉，承认，共识，识别
achievement n 成就，功绩
dental adj 牙齿的
ignorance n 无知
crime n 犯罪，犯罪行为
prejudice n 偏见
garage n 车库，修车场
ensure v 保证，担保
leisure n 闲暇，悠闲
related adj 有关系的，讲述的
concern vt 涉及，关系到
n 关注，关系
luxury n 奢侈，华贵
gesture n 手势，姿势
similarity n 相似，相似之处
pattern n 模式，式样
pale adj 苍白的
tremble v 颤栗，发抖
whereas conj 然而，尽管
stretch out 伸出，伸展开
stick out 突出（坚持，伸出）
insult n&v 侮辱，凌辱
equally adv 相等地，平等地
efficiently adv 有效率地，有效地
historian n 历史学家
on the contrary 相反地
consequently adv 因此
compel vt 强迫，迫使
scenery n 风景，景色
clutch v 抓住
comprehension n 理解，包括
finance n金融，财政
提供……经费
loan v 借出，贷款（给别人）
n 贷款（给别人）
concentrate on 集中精神于
struggle v&n 挣扎，努力，奋斗
victory n 胜利
bequest n 遗产，遗赠
historic adj 历史上著名的，有历史性的
invaluable adj 无价的
identical adj 同样的
as though 好像
remarkably adv 非常地，显著地
complex adj 复杂的
n 联合体
complicated adj 复杂的
organ n 器官

communicate v 沟通
respective adj 分别的，各自的
element n 要素，元素
contact v&n 联系
shade n 树荫
drought n 干旱
warship n 军舰
empire n 帝国
starvation n 饥饿，饿死
plentiful adj 许多的，大量的
grandchildren n 孙子
sink vi 沉下
disaster n 灾难
eventually adv 最后，终于
giant adj 巨大的
n 巨人，伟人
firewood n 木柴
role n 角色，任务
loosen v 揭开，放松
harden vt 使变硬
protection n 保护
attitude n 态度
division n 分开，区分
pin n 别针；密码
wire n 电线
strengthen v 加强，加固
independently adv 独立地，自主地
enable vt 使能够
take advantage of 利用
mention vt 提及，说起
individual n 个体，个人
material n 材料
figure out 指出
tsunami n 海啸
purse n 钱包
survey n&v 调查
definite adj 明确的，一定的
oversleep vi 睡过头
commit v干（坏事），答应负责，把……交托给
combine v (使)联合
boast v 自夸
blame v 责备
block vt 妨碍，阻碍
n 石块；街区
employee n 雇员
cultivate vt 培养
vocabulary n 词汇表，词汇量
acquaintance n 相识，熟人
properly adv 适当地
imitate v 模仿
stimulate n&vt 刺激，激励
compose vt 组成，作曲
tip n 小费；提示
vi 踮脚走
formula n 公式，规则，配方
theme n 主题
extent n 程度，范围
distinction n 区别
similarity n 类似，类似之处成人英语三级英译汉解题技巧
赵文通

1、出题形式及考试要求
英译汉的出题形式为从一篇文章中划出几个句子，要求翻译成汉语。共五道
试题，10分。 < br>英译汉试题主要是考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用汉语来准确而又完整地
表达英文意思的能力。 这其中涉及到词汇、语法、句子结构剖析，表达方式
等各方面知识。
翻译这一部分的要求是（ 1）内容忠实于原文。（2）内容并无残缺。（3）所写
出的语句在不违反前两者的情况之下，符合中文 的表达方式。
英译汉的过程中普遍存在的问题有如下几种：
（1）句子中有的单词不认识，影响了句子的连贯性。
（2）句子的结构没有理清，使句子的表达受到影响。

（3）心里明白英文意 思，可就是不能用汉语准确表达出来。这主要是因为考（4）把原文的句子全部抛开，看中文翻译如何用中文表达 流畅就怎样表达。
生平时在此方面训练得少，没有掌握英译汉基本技巧。
2、解题步骤及技巧
（1）不用看全文，而是直接看需要翻译的句子。或者参考划线部分前面 或者
后面的句子，快速的读几遍。在这一步需要注意几个问题。
句子中如果有不认识的单词， 首先要根据这句话和上下文的逻辑关系，如并
列关系、因果关系、转折关系等推测词义，特别是对于推测 动词非常有用；
其次，根据根据词汇复现的原则（见完形填空部分）推测词义；再次，根据
上下 文的语境对其进行猜测。
例1：Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only
the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. (76) Nor do I
recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who
gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm
animals, the local birds and above all, the insects.（2008.4）
【解析】在上面的句子中有一个单词recall，如果不认识这 个单词的话，就要
参考这句话的上下文猜测出这个单词的含义。从句法关系来看，划线句子中
的 nor表明这句话和前面的句子形成了并列关系。前面一句话的谓语动词是
have (only the dim) memory of，作为并列句，这两句话中谓语动词的意思应
当是相近的，也应当是have the memory of的意思“记得”。这句话的译文应
当是：我也不能清晰地记起聚在隔壁的爷爷、奶奶 、姑妈、叔叔及堂兄弟姐
妹等一大家人。
（2）找出句子的主干结构，即句子的主谓宾或主系表。
对句子结构的考察是英汉翻译的重点 考察内容之一，这是对语法在应用方面
进行考察的一个方面。对于经常考到的一些典型句式，在下一部分 具体讲解。
例2： Environments vary. We may be exposed to pollution, such as cigarette
smoke. This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties.
(80)Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead
a healthy life. （2008.4）
【解析】划线句子的主干应当是 Environments make it difficult to lead a
healthy life. it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to lead a healthy life。
翻译出来应当是：环境使得（人们）很难健康地生活。enviromen ts后面有一
个where引导的限制性定语从句对其进行修饰，然后再把它翻译出来修饰
“e nviroments”：被动吸烟不可避免的环境使得（人们）很难健康地生活。
（3）把一些局部 的、修饰的信息，即定语、主语、补语以及同位语翻译出来，
放在合适的位置。
通过上面的例子，我们看到定语是在翻译理解的最后加到了句子中。
对上面的译文进一步修饰 后，进行润色：在被动吸烟不可避免的环境下，人
们很难以健康的生活方式来生活。
TEXT
In Britain, winter is the season not only for visits to the theatre, opera,
concerts and ballet, but also for shopping or for sightseeing.
London, one of the 26 cities in the world, has plenty to offer during the winter
months, 27 in the way of entertainment ---- and the 28 act like a magnet with 29
array of presents for the Christmas 30 , followed by large scale bargains in the
January 31 . but it’s not only London that 32 value shopping --- most of our
suburban and 33 centers have just as much to offer to the 34 shopper.
Even if you’re based 35 London, you don’t have to spend all your 36 there ---
and that goes for all the year 37 , too. Take a train or coach and 38 what else
Britain has to offer; 39 are many excursions, even in winter, and among the great
country houses 40 keep their stately front doors open 41 the year are Longleat and
Woburn Abbey. 42 a car and drive 43 into the beauty of the winter landscape ---
the scenery will be 44 beautiful --- and the people will have more time to chat to
you 45 this time of year.
26. A. coldest B. foggiest C. busiest D. noisiest
27. A. normally B. especially C. occasionally D. generally
28. A. clubs B. pubs C. restaurants D. shops
29. A. its B. the C. that D. their
30. A. shopper B. visitor C. caller D. spender
31. A. bargains B. sales C. selling D. trading
32. A. opens B. presents C. grants D. offers
33. A. provincial B. national C. divisional D. international
34. A. lonely B. eager C. lazy D. nervous
35. A. in B. at C. on D. outside
36. A. money B. time C. energy D. holiday
37. A. there B. then C. over D. round
38. A. see B. watch C. look D. view
39. A. they C. which C. there D. here
40. A. where C. which C. what D. who
41. A. for B. by C. within D. throughout
42. A. Lend B. Let C. Hire D. Take
43. A. out B. back C. on D. across

44. A. even B. still C. yet D. ever
45. A. after B. beyond C. with D. at
分析：做题之前，首先通读这篇短文，可知短文 是在介绍冬天的英国。文章
答题框架结构为：第一节总领全文（由第一节总领句提示可知），第二节介绍
购物，第三节介绍观光。

26. C
该题的四个选项都使用了 最高级，单从语法结构来说，放入句子都没有错，
因此考生必须从上下文中寻找线索。A coldest 从常识角度来看就可以排除，
30. A
根据空格所在名词性词组前的介词“for”,“the Christmas___”应是指购买
圣诞礼物的人。C caller无论作为呼唤者，召集者，打电话者，还是拜访者都
不符合句意。D spender尤指用钱浪费的人，意思不符。B visitor（游客）虽
然是购买圣诞礼物的可能群体，但不是多数群体。而选择D shopper可以表
示为了圣诞节逛街购买礼物的人，最符合句意。
31. B
该题考察考生词义辨析的能力。根据上下文，空格所在短语是指圣诞过后
在一月（减价）销售的大量便宜 货。那么在这里B sales（降价销售）是最佳
伦敦远远谈不上是世界上最冷的城市之一，且A同B foggiest (最多雾的)一
样，与该空格所在长句的意思没有关联。空格所在短语是作为同位的 名词短
语来进一步说明主语“伦敦”，应这样理解该长句的前半部分：作为世界上最
----- - 的城市，冬天的伦敦可提供很多东西…。推测应选择C busiest，且长句
中使用的一些突出程度的词，诸如“plenty”, “large scale”,暗示着伦敦十
分繁忙的，D noisiest一词含贬义，不合逻辑。
27. B
该题测试恰当副词的选用。该空格位于长句的前半句，说的是冬天的伦敦
可提供很多东西，—— 是娱乐活动。选项A normally 和 D generally, 这里
都表示通常的意思，放 在空格里意为冬天的伦敦可提供很多东西，通常是娱
乐活动，逻辑上不通。B especially （尤其是）与前面的“plenty to offer”互
相呼应，意义上成立，所以B为正确项，选项C occasionally (偶尔的)意义上
不成立。
28. D
该题测试考生对上下文的理解。文中有多处提示考生第二节主要介绍购
物，如第一节中的“but also for shopping”;第二节中的“bargains”和“not only
London that ____ value shopping”。况且有“array of presents… Christmas…”
(圣诞礼物的大量陈列)的地方也应该是商店。俱乐部， 酒馆，餐馆显得与主
题关系不大，且不太合常理。
29. D
该题测试考生 对所有格形容词的使用。使用指示形容词“that”和定冠词
“the”时，通常有明确的所指，即以 读者已知的人或物为前提，但这里“arrays
of presents”(陈放着的礼物)前面并没有提到，所以应该选一个所有格形容词，
排除B.D 选 项。由于“shops”是复数，“magnet”(磁铁，也指吸引人的事物)
是单数，所以只要知道 “with”形成的介宾结构是修饰“shops”还是修饰
“magnet”,就可以知道应选“it s”还是“their”。虽然“with”紧跟在“magnet”
后，但陈放着礼物的地方仍应是“ shops”,因而正确项为D
选项。A bargains(便宜货)不合逻辑，因为不能说“在一月便宜货中的便宜货”。
C selling虽然有出售的意思，但未能表现出减价出售的意思。D trading有交
易，经商，购物的意思，但不做减价销售讲。
32. D
该题考察考生词义辨析的能力。四个选项都是动词，因此空格后的“value
shopping”作为名词词组，意为“超值购物”。那么用A opens(打开)显然不对。
B presents(提出，呈现)也不恰当。C grants意为consent to give or allow what is
asked for(允许，准许，答应给与)，不符合句意。选择D offers(提供)填补句
子后意为“提供超值购物”，符合句意，所以为正确项。
33. A
该题的四个选择项复员后都不存在语法错误，需要考生根据上下文选择最
恰当的选项。 该空格所在名词性短语意为“大多数城郊的和——的中心”，显
然，B national(全国的)和D international(国际的)与上下文中“城郊的”无法
放在一个水平位置上，逻辑上不符。C divisional很少指地区的，其意为“部
门的”，语意不符。因而只有A provincial(这里译为外省的，地方的)可以为正
确项。
34. B
该题考察考生对上下文的理解。A lonely意为孤单的；B eager意为渴望的；
C lazy懒惰的；D nervous意为紧张的。根据上下文，只有B是正确答案，补
全后的句子意为 大多数城郊和地方的中心都能对渴望购物的人们提供同样丰
富的商品。
35. A
该题考察介词的搭配，根据惯用搭配，“based”可以与“on”或“upon”
搭配，表示以…为 基础，依据。但这里，作者显然不是想表达“以伦敦为基
础”，所以排除选项C. D outside 语意不符，“哪怕你不在伦敦，你也不必在
那里花费你所有的…”.“住在伦敦”应该使用介词“in” ,用at表示位置时，
常暗指其位置有特殊目的：在外观上它可能是一个停留点，一个碰头点，一

个用餐地点，一个工作地点等，在这里不符合上下文。
36. B
该 题考查考生对上下文的理解。“money”和“energy”与上下文并无关联，
且放在空格处显得 突兀。使用“holiday”似乎就将文章的目标读者限制在旅
游者范围内，但实际上，这篇文章的目 标读者完全可以是伦敦市民，或外省
市英国市民。选项B time语意符合，为正确项。
37. D
该题考察介词搭配。“by the year”是按年（计算）的意思，不合语意，可
排除。“for the year”和“within the year”强调“今年”，“在这一年了”，似
乎到了第二年就 不再是这样了，语意上不太符合上下文。应选D throughout，
因为这里作者想说的是：全年 始终开着大门，表现出此乡村的纯朴，安宁，
友好。
42. D
该题考察用词。空格所在句意为：——一辆车，开到优美的冬天景致中去。
该题考察固定搭配。“go for”意为“be applicable to”(可以应用于)。该句
的意思是：哪怕你住在伦敦，你也不必在那里花费你所有的时间——不仅仅
是在冬天，整整一年都这样 。“All (the) year round”为一固定搭配，意思是
at all seasons of the year(整年)。故D为正确项。C搭配不对，A和B项不符
合句意。
38. A
该题考察考生辨析词义的能力，该句的意思是“乘一辆火车或长途汽车，
看看英国还有什么 ”。这里应选择A see,因为see 可以表示understand, learn by
search or inquiry or reflection, 即（藉研究，询问，反问等而）了解；领会；
明白；懂。例如：“Go and see if the postman has been yet.”(去看看邮差来过
没有)。B watch常常表示较长时间地看一样可能会移动变化的东西。C look at
的形式表示有目的的，集中注意力的看。D view意思是consider, regard, think
about, examine, 即考虑；认为；观察；检视。
39. C
该题考察考生对句子结构的理解。如果选择关系代词which,所形成的从句
缺乏词先行 词，此关系从句不成立，故排除B.若选择人称代词they，they的
指代不明。故排除A.这里无 论是使用方向副词here还是there都是解释不通
的。如果将there作为引导副词，与be动 词连用，意思是有许多短途旅行，
符合上下文，故选择C.
40. B
该题考 察考生对句子结构的理解。空格后的从句意思是：终年敞开着它们
的大门。分析句子，可知该从句先行词 应为the great country houses(乡村房
屋)。空格所在完整句的结构是较为 复杂的，不但是倒装句，且介宾结构的宾
语还是以关系从句的先行词，该据大意为：坐落在终年敞开着大 门的乡村房
屋中的是Longleat和Woburn教堂。知道了这是一个关系从句，则可排除C
what,因为what只能形成疑问句来引导名词从句。该从句中缺少的是主语，
而选项A where不能在句子中充为主语，所以排除A.又由于先行词是房屋不
是人，所以可排除D. B为正确选项。
41. D
选项A Lend(借给)（如果是它的反义词borrow则可以）和B Let(让)都不符合
句意。D Take 除一些特殊用法外，它的本意是握，攫，执，抱，不能在这里
表示拿了一辆汽车。Take a bustaxi可表示搭乘公共汽车出租车，即使这里
take a car可以成立，作为搭乘者，也无法drive out into the beauty of the … C
Hire(租用)符合上下文，可成立。
43. A
该题考察根据上下文选择介词，空格所在句意为开导优美的冬天景致中去，
首先排除D across( 穿过，横过)，因为across后一般都接名词，很少接介词。
选择C也会出现搭配上的错误，因为虽 然onto, into等复合介词都是可接受的，
但on into 与in onto的搭配似乎是 不可取的。究竟选择out还是back则通过
上下文确定，第三段主要是在建议人们走出伦敦，开车到 乡间看看景色，而
不能说人让开回到乡间。所以A out为正确项。
44. B
该题考察惯用搭配。A even只能与比较级连用，表示更加，愈加；C yet
表示还，尚，或与比较级连用表示比…还要，更；D ever表示曾经，或用于
比较集合最高级之后加强程度，但放在这里都不符合惯用搭配。B stil l放在
形容词后表示仍然，该句的意思是（在冬天）风景仍然是美丽的，符合上下
文，为正确项 。
45. D
该题考察考生对上下文的理解。第三段是在建议人们去乡间看看景色，作
者是在向人们描述乡村的美好之处。那么该空格所在句的意思应该是：在一
年的这个时候，人们 有更多的时间与你聊天。所以A after, B beyond (later than
超过，晚 于)都不符合上下文。另外，要表示在一年的这个时候，只能用at
与time搭配，属惯用搭配，如a t this time, at that time.因而D为正确项。
示例2 Text
Londoners are great 1 . They buy vast 2 of newspapers and magazines and 3 of
books ---- especially 4, which are still comparatively cheap 5 ever-increasing rises
in the 6 of printing. They still continue to buy “proper” books, too，7 on good
paper and 8 between hard covers.

There are many streets in 9 containing shops 10 specialize in book-selling.
Perhaps the 11 known of these is Charing Crops Road in the 12 heart of London.
Here bookshops of all sorts and 13 are to be found, from the celebrated one that
14 of being “the biggest bookshop in the world” 15 the tiny, dusty 16 places
which seem to have been left over 17 Dickens’ time. Some of these shops 18 , or
will obtain, any kind of book, but many of them specialize --- in second-hand
books, in art books, in foreign books, in books 19 philosophy, politics or any other
of the myriad subjects about which books may be written. Once shops in this area
两个词都是可数名词，并且在原文中都使用了复数 形式。四个选项都可以形
成词组表示大量的，但是只有numbers of才可以修饰可数名词，其他三个选
项都是修饰不可数名词的。他们常用的词组分别是：a great deal of; quantities
of; the amount of.
3. D
分析：该题考察考生对副词的掌握及对上下文的理解。A still仍然的意思，B
far, C much 做副词是用来修饰比较级和最高级的；D even 甚至的意思。根
据上下文的理解，这一个选项比较合适，意为伦敦人不仅买报纸和杂志，甚< br>specialize solely 20 books about ballet!
1. A. drivers B. readers C. speakers D. writers
2. A. deal B. quantity C. numbers D. amount
3. A. still B. far C. much D. even
4. A. paperbacks B. hardbacks C. hardcover D. clothbound
5. A. although B. despite of C. unless D. in spite of
6. A. costs B. pay C. expense D. money
7. A. printed B. edited C. written D. sold
8. A. tied B. bound C. fastened D. attached
9. A. England B. Manchester C. London D. Scotland
10. A. that B. where C. what D. it
11. A. most B. more C. better D. best
12. A. quite B. very C. much D. fairly
13. A. kinds B. sizes C. types D. shapes
14. A. claims B. announces C. speaks D. boasts
15. A. in B. on C. to D. at
16. A. little B. big C. large D. huge
17. A. for B. since C. from D. back
18. A. stock B. print C. publish D. make
19. A. at B. for C. about D. on
20. A. from B. in C. over D. of
答案及分析
1. B
分析：该题 考察学生对上下文的理解。通读全文，可知整篇文章谈论的都是
伦敦人喜爱书及伦敦的书籍情况。其他的 选项题意，只有B项能使上下文内
容一致，连贯。
2. C
分析：该题考察的是词法。看原文的句子，“newspapers and magazines”，这
至也买书…
4. A
分析：该题考察词义辨析及对上下文的理解。A paperbacks 简装书；B
hardbacks 硬封面的书，精装书；C hardcover 精装书；D clothbound 布面精
装的。根据上下文可知，相对便宜的“which are comparatively cheap”只能时
简装书，所以选A。
5. D
分析：该题考察考生对词语和短语的记忆与运用。A although 须引导一个让
步转与从句，而不能直接跟一个名词短语；B despite of 的用法本身就有错，
不能用despite of, 只能用despite,这样才能成为正确选项；C unless也是用来
引导从句的；D in spite of无论从意义上还是用法上都是合适的。
6. A
分析：该题考察考生对词义的理解。印刷的费用只能用“costs of printing”,
“pay”也有花费的意思，但它的主语必须是人；C expense指生活的开销；
D money金钱。所以只能选A.
7. A
分析：该题考察考生对词义及上下文的理解。这些书是在质量较好的纸上印
刷的，所以选A, B“编辑”，C“写”D“卖”。
8. B
分析：该题还是考察考生对词义及 上下文的理解。该句项表达的意思显然是：
“这些书用质量比较好的纸印刷，并且是精装的”。因此，只 能选择B,(被束
缚在…),A的意思是捆，扎，系在…C的意思是扣紧，系牢，D连接，固定，
系，贴…
9. C
分析：该题考察考生对上下文的理解。全篇文章都在介绍伦敦的书籍情况，
所以只能选C。
10. A
分析：该题考察考生对定语从句的掌握情况。全句的意思是：伦敦大街上有< /p>

许多商店从事书籍的买卖。先行词是shops,因此只能选A来引导这个定语从
句。B引导从句时，先行词表示地点，并且这个先行词在定语从句中做地点
状语。C,D都不能引导定语 从句。
11. D
分析：该题考察考生对习惯表达的掌握情况。最为人知的应为“the best
known”.
12. B
分析：该题还是考察考生对习惯表达的掌握情况。The very heart of London,
分析：该题考察固定搭配。Specialize in (专门从事)。
at al times 总是，始终
at best充其量
at first sight 初见，乍见
at leisure 闲暇时
at a loss 不知所措
at peacewar 与…友好战争
at times 间或。偶尔
意为“就在伦敦的心脏地区”，very是用来加强语气的， 表示真正的，实际
的，确实的，比如：This is the very pen the writer used. 这正是那位作家用过
的笔。
13. B
分析：该 题考察考生对上下文的理解。“能够找到由各种类型和——的书店”。
A和C都有种类的意思，放入原文 中显然和sorts意思重复。形容书不能用
shape,(形状)，所以只能用B，表示有很多书店， 他们卖各种类型和大小的书。
14. D
分析：该题考察考生对词义的理解和用法。A claim(宣称) B announce(宣布)
不能和of连用，C speak和of连用，意思是提及，D boast与of连用，吹嘘，
自夸，符合上下文的需要。意 思是“从那些自诩为世界上最大的著名的书店…”
15. C
分析：该题考察考生对上下文的理解及习惯表达的掌握。这里用到了固定搭
配from… to
16. A
分析：该题考察考生对上下文的理解。伦敦有各种各样的书店，从自诩为世< br>界上最大的著名的书店到小的，布满灰尘的，----的地方。通过上下文的比较，
我们可以看出 ，B, C, D都是表达“大”的意思，显然不符合上下文的需要。
17. B
分析 ：该题考察考生对介词的使用。从狄更斯时代流传下来的，只能用介词
from.注意介词的连用情况。
18. A
分析：该题考察考生对上下文的理解及词义的掌握。有一些书店---，或将 要
得到…,显然这里想表达有些书店有，或将有…A(储藏，存有)B（打印）C(出
版)D( 使)
19. D
分析：该题考察介词的使用。在---方面的书，选用介词on.
20. B
by accident偶然
by all means 当然，必定
by no means 绝不
by chance 凑巧
by means of 通过…方式
by mistake 由于错误
by way of 通过….方式
for once 只此一次
for sale 待售
in action 实行
in addition 并且
in advance 提前，预先
in all 总共，总计
in brief 简言之
in case 假如，万一
in cash 使用现金
inunder the circumstances在此种情况下
in charge 负责，总管
in comfort舒适
in common 公用，共同
in comparison比较
in conclusion 总之
in consequence因此，结果
inunder control 握有（对…）的控制
in danger在危险中
in debt负债
in detail详细的
in difficulties 处境困难

in effect有效；实际上
in exchange 交换
in no case决不
in turn 轮流
in view of 鉴于；由于
on behalf on 为了…的利益；代表
on the contrary相反
in no time 立即
in short简言之
on display 在展出
on duty值班
on guard 警惕；防范
on hand在手边，邻近
on one’s own 独立的
on a largesmall scale大（小）规模的
at al times 总是，始终
at best充其量
at first sight 初见，乍见
at leisure 闲暇时
at a loss 不知所措
at peacewar 与…友好战争
at times 间或。偶尔
by accident偶然
by all means 当然，必定
by no means 绝不
by chance 凑巧
by means of 通过…方式
by mistake 由于错误
by way of 通过….方式
for once 只此一次
for sale 待售
in action 实行
in addition 并且
in advance 提前，预先
in all 总共，总计
in brief 简言之
in case 假如，万一
in cash 使用现金
inunder the circumstances在此种情况下
in charge 负责，总管
in comfort舒适
in common 公用，共同
in comparison比较
in conclusion 总之
in consequence因此，结果
inunder control 握有（对…）的控制
in danger在危险中
in debt负债
in detail详细的
in difficulties 处境困难
in effect有效；实际上
in exchange 交换
in no case决不
in turn 轮流
in view of 鉴于；由于
on behalf on 为了…的利益；代表
on the contrary相反
in no time 立即
in short简言之
on display 在展出
on duty值班
on guard 警惕；防范
on hand在手边，邻近
on one’s own 独立的
on a largesmall scale大（小）规模的
account for 说明(原因等)；解释
His unhappy childhood ____ his bad temper.(1997.6)
A. counts for B. accounts for C. makes for D. goes for
take into account 考虑；重视
I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my
examination.
A. regard B. account C. counting D. observation

I'd ______ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the allow for 考虑到
community，and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan. Our trip takes two hours, but we should allow for delays caused by traffic
A. take into account B. account for C. make up for jams.
D. make out
accuse sb. of sth. 控告(某人某事)
#NAME
The customer accused the cook ____ using canned potatoes.
A. for B. with C. of D. against
The soldier was ___________ of running away when the enemy attacked.
A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished
The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ________ of cheating customers .
A. accused B. charged C. scolded D. cursed
accustom sb to sth. 使某人适应某件事情
=be accustomed to sth.
#NAME
He finds it difficult to __B__ himself to the climate here.
A. account B. accustom C. apply D. adapt
act on 按照…而行动
You should act _____ the advice of your doctor.
A. to B. on
C. at D. as
take advantage of 趁…之机，利用
=make use of
Such a skilled tennis player knows how to take ______of his opponent’s chief
weakness.
A. use B. advantage C. utility C.
chance
Her fluency in English gives her an advantage __B___ other girls for the job.
A. above B. over C. than D. with
afford to (买)得起(某物)；负担的起
We don't need air conditioning, __A___.
A. nor can we afford it C. neither can afford it
B. and nor we can afford it D. and we can neither afford it
Only those who can __D_ to lose their money should make high-risk
investments.
A. maintain C. endure B. sustain D. afford
apply for 提出申请(或要求等)
He applied for a post to the college.
apply...to 把…应用于
We should apply what we learn in the classroon to the practice.
approve of 赞成，满意
If only the committee _________ the regulations and put them into effect as
soon as possible.
A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would
approve
assist sb. with sb. in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
He asked us to __C___ them in carrying through their plan.
A. provide B. arouse C. assist D. persist
assure sb. of 使(某人)确信
The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen __ A__
immediately.
A. to B. at C. on D. with
attend to 专心；照顾，护理
pay attention to 注意；重视
belong to 属于；附属
In short,__ D __ he lives, a man belongs to some society.
A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D.
wherever
make the best of 充分利用…
care for ①喜欢；②照料
She doesn’t care for movies about violence
The house was well cared for.
catch on 理解，明白，变得流行
I didn’t understand anything at first, but now I am beginning to catch on.
catch up with 赶上；指出…出了差错
Aris was in hospital for two weeks, so she’s been working hard to catch up
with the others.
He spoke so quickly that I didn’t ___D____ what he said. (1992.6)
A. receive B. accept C. listen

D. catch
charge s.b with 指控某人某事
#NAME
charge: 要价
Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the __C___ charged on
deal with 应付，处理
There is no one here who can __C___ the problem.（1994.6）
A. see off B. treat C. deal with D. set up
deal in 经营
take delight in 以…为乐
public transport were more reasonable.
A. fees B. payments C. fares D. costs
This hotel __D___ $$ 60 for a single room with bath.
A. claims B. demands C. prices D. charges
keep company with 与…交往；和…亲热
consult with 与…商量(协商)
contribute to 有助于…，促成
Medical research has shown that the widespread of use of cigarettes
contributes __D___ the increase of cancers.
A. towards B. for C. with D. to
Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness
cannot be bought, ___D_______ a good family life, friendship and work
satisfaction.
A. as for B. in view of C. in case of D. such as
Eating too much fat can B heart disease and cause high blood
pressure.
A. attribute to bute to C. attend to D. devote to
convince sombody of something 使某人确信某事
cope with 对付…，妥善处理
count on 依靠；期待，指望
You can never_C___ that fellow for help at a critical moment.(1994.6)
A. take on B. hold on C.
count on D. hang on
cut back 削减；缩减
The factory’s production has been cut back.
cut down 减少，降低
We must cut down expenses or we’ll get into debt.
cut off 切掉；切断
They will cut the electricity off if you don’t pay the bill.
cut out 切掉；删掉
If you want to get thin you must cut out your fat.
devote oneself to 献身于；致力于
He devote himself to teaching and win the respects of the students.
distinguish …from…把…同…区分开
It is important to ___D_____between the rules of grammar and the
conventions of written language.
A. determine B. identify e guish
do away with 废除，去掉
It’s time to do away with some old regulations.
do without 没有…也行；将就
If there is no bread, we must do without (it).
draw a conclusion 得出结论
drop byin 顺便走访，非正式访问
Why don’t you drop in and see me
bring into effect 实行，实现，实施
come into effect 开始生效，开始实行
take effect (药等)见效
We are interested in the weather because it __B___ us so directly ----
what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A. benefits B. affects C. guides D. effects
Once out of the earth's gravity, the astronauts is __A___ by the problem
of weightlessness.
A. affected B. effected C. inclined D. related
Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has
__C____ the quality of the programs.
A. lessened B. declined C. affected D. effected
end up 结束，告终；竖着
end up with 以…而结束
It is high time that such practices ___A_______ .
A. are ended B. be ended C. were ended D. must be
ended
ensure sb. against 保护某人免受…

equip with 装备，配备
There is a fully __B____ health center on the ground floor of the main
office building.
A. installed B. equipped C. provided D. projected
catch sb.'s eye 引起(某人)注目
keep an eye on 照看；留意
In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ____ the developments and
hang up 把…挂起来；挂断电话
hang on (vi.) 坚持
If you hang on, you’ll succeed.
happen to 碰巧
head for 朝…方向走去
identify with 认为…等同于
inform s.b of 通知某人某件事情
recorded every detail.
A. in B. at C. for D. on
face up to 勇敢地对付；大胆面向
Eve is too young to face up to her parents’ divorce离婚.
fail to 不能，记忆
She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power ___B___.
A. failure B. lack C. absence D. drop
fall behind 落在…后面，跟不上
His study falls behinds other students in his class.
feel like 感到想要做
Do you feel like going to a movie
figure out 计算出；估计；理解
Helen figured out the answer.
I can’t figure out what he intended to say.
fill in out 填充，填写，临时代替
Have all the blanks been filled in
catch fire 着火，烧着
do sb. a favour 给某人以恩惠
The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds __D____ his
arguments in favour of the new theory.
A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D.
on which to base
focus...on 使眼睛注视，集中
All her energies are ____D______ upon her children and she seems to
have little time for anything else.
A. guided B. aimed C. directed D. focused
set free 释放，使获得自由
make friends with 与…交朋友
make fun of 取笑，嘲笑
Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to _A__.
辞职 A. resign B. reject C. retreat D. replace
The manager promised to keep me ___A__ of how our business was
going on.
A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing
We desire that the tour leader __B__ us immediately of any change in
plans.
A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed
We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ____.
A. out of work B. out of stock缺货 C. out of reach D. out
of practice
The president promised to keep all the board members D of how
the negotiations were going on.
A. inform C. be informed B. informing D. informed
take interest in 对…感(产生)兴趣
Through out his life, Henry Moore __D___ an interest in encouraging
art in the city of Leeds.
A. contained B. secured C. reserved D. maintained
play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑
have no lack of 不缺乏
lead to 通向，导致；引起
#NAME
#NAME
let down 放下；降低；使…失望
I was depending on Esther, but she let me down.
let out ①放掉(水等);②泄漏（秘密）
I’ll tell you a secret, but you mustn’t let it out.
go beyond the limit 超过限度
long for 渴望

fall in love with 相爱，爱上…
major in 专攻，专修
name sth after sth 用…命名…
object to…反对…
to say nothing of 更不必说
pass away 消失；去世；终止
George’s mother passed away three months ago.
pass by 走过；(时间)逝去
pass on 把…传给别人
Please pass on the secret word “water” to the next person.
pay back 偿还(借款等)；回报
I owe you some money. Let me pay you back.
pay off 还清(债款)
Some families never pay their debts off.
preserve sth from 保护…使…免遭
#NAME
#NAME
prevent sthsb from 阻止（某物／某人）做某事
#NAME
#NAME
Not having a good command of English can be a serious ___B__
preventing you from achieving your goals.
A. obstacle B. fault C. offense D.
distress
They took ___D_____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from
escaping.
A. fruitful B. beneficial C. valid D. effective
react on 对…有影响
react to 对…起反应
refer oneself to 依赖，求助于
refer to sb. sth. as 把…称作
rest in 存在于，由于
Why do people work The answer rests in the kind of pride that is
stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.
rest on 依据，信任
I have been told that much of the knowledge does not rest on reasoning
or on experiment, but on authority.
rely on 依靠，依赖，依仗
remark on 评论，谈论，议论
remind sb. of sth. 让某人想起了某事
get rid of 摆脱，除去
save up 储蓄；贮存；节省
search after 探索；寻找
send for 派人去请；召唤；索取
The manager sent for me and asked for an explanation.
show in 领入，领进来
show off (vi. )炫耀，卖弄
Do you like people who show off
show up (vi.) 出席，露面
Only nine members showed up at the meeting.
smell of 有…的气味
stand by 站在旁边；支持
I am your friend. I’ll always stand by you.
stand for ①代表；②容忍（一般用于否定句）
The sign“+”stands for plus.
We cannot stand for such bad living conditions.
stand in one's way 阻碍，妨碍
stand out 突出，显眼，杰出
She will stand out from the crowd because of her height and her bright
red eye.
stand up for 维护；坚持
“Stand up for what you believe” Roger told John.
stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
Father often stayed up working.
stick to 坚持；忠于；信守
I will stick to the principle and never break it.
switch off (用开关)关掉
switch on (用开关)开启
talk over 商量，(充分)讨论
We talked over the business before reaching the conclusion.
tell...from 辨别，分辨；认出
tell...apart 把…区分开

lose one's temper 发怒，发脾气
stand the test 经受住考验
treat sb. as 把…待如；把…看作
take turns 依次，轮流
put to use 使用，利用
come into use 开始被使用
After being tested in many ways, this newly-designed machine will __C___
in the near future.
A. take its place B. put into use C. come into use D. take action
answer to the riddle (谜)，because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in
my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of
scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and
plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualities
required is self- discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made. A naturalist is
born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
1. According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be _____A__.
A. full of enthusiasm B. self- disciplined
use up 用完，耗尽；花完
#NAME
work out 算出；设计出；制定出
Father is still trying to work out his tax.
We must work out a better method of saving water.
work at 从事于，致力于
Bob is still working at the new book.
yield to…容忍，忍受
We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield ________ any
military threat. 军事的威胁
A. up B. to C. in D. at
成人英语三级做真题记单词
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and
not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters
soon abandoned their pressed (紧抱的) flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no
ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental
arithmetic.
Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only
the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. (76) Nor do I
recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who
gathered next door. But I do have a crystal- clear memory of the dogs, the farm
animals, the local birds and above all, the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and
my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my
favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil, reading about other people’s
observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these
observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the
C. full of ambition D. knowledgeable
2. The first paragraph tells us that the author __D______.
A. lost his hearing when he was a child
B. didn’t like his brothers and sisters
C. was born to a naturalist’s family
D. was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood
3. The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because
he thinks he _____D___.
A. just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries
B. comes up with solutions in most natural ways
C. has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic
D. lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist
4. The author can’t remember his relatives clearly because__A______.
A. he was fully occupied with observing nature
B. he didn’t live very long with them
C. the family was extremely large
D. he was too young when he lived with them
5. Which of the following statement is true B
A. The author believes that a born naturalist cannot be a scientist.
B. The author’s brothers and sisters were good at music and languages.
C. The author read a lot of books about the natural world and the oil industry.
D. The author spent a lot of time working on riddles.
［答案详解］
1. A【解析】推断题。作者在本文中从自身经历的角度谈论博物学家是天生
的而非后天培养 的。第二段中，作者提到自己儿时的记忆，对其他的事物记
忆模糊，相反，对小狗、鸟类、昆虫记忆犹新 。第三段的第二句“我非常热
爱自然世界，我对自然世界充满热情，这使我开始进行各种探索调查”。从 这

些来判断，就作者而言，天生的博物学家首先应具备的品质是 “充满热情”，2. bring up: 抚养；养育，训练。
所以，选项A正确。选项B“自律”是作者谈及成为科学 家所应具备的关键
素质，这也是他自己所缺乏的。选项C“有雄心”和选项D“知识渊博”文
中 没有提及。
2. D【解析】事实判断题。在第一段中，作者说道，尽管他与兄弟姐妹以同
样的方式被培养大，他们很快抛弃了他们曾喜爱的花朵和昆虫，而他与他们
不一样。所以得出作者对花 草和昆虫感兴趣，即选项D为正确答案。
3. D【解析】细节题。在第四段中作者说道，好奇心、 敏锐的眼光、良好的
记忆力和对动物、植物界的喜爱不能造就一个科学家。一个科学家所需的最
突出和关键的品质是自律，而这也是作者所不具备的。所以，作者说自己是
博物学家而不是科学家很可能 是因为他认为自己“缺乏科学家所需具备的一
些品质”。故选项D为正确答案。
4. A 【解析】推断题。此题这样问道，作者不能清楚记得他亲戚的原因是什
么。如上面分析的那样，在第二段 中，作者提到自己儿时的记忆，对自己的
玩具、住的房屋和自己的亲戚、家人记忆模糊，相反，对狗、鸟 类、尤其是
昆虫记忆犹新、历历在目。第三段中还说，他自己是个博物学家而非科学家，
因为他 热爱自然世界，对此充满热情。结合本题的各个选项，B选项“作者
与亲戚在一起住的时间不长”，C选 项“家族过于庞大”，D选项“那时他太
小”。这些在文中都没有提及。综合起来，我们可以得出 A为最佳选项，即：
他全身心地观察大自然是他记不清他亲戚的原因。
5. B【解析】细 节题。本题题干：下列哪一项是对的，此类题需要我们从文
中的细节出发，综合运用排除法来确定答案。 选项A“作者认为天生的自然
学家不能成为科学家”不正确。因为在第四段作者谈到了，好奇心、敏锐的
眼光、良好的记忆力和对动物、植物世界的喜爱不能成就科学家（承接上一
段，我们得知这些都 是博物学家所具备的）；科学家所具备的重要的品质之一
是自律。作者最后提到如果谁能把这两者结合起 来，谁就能在自然学界和科
学界都取得最佳成绩。看来博物学家和科学家并不矛盾。B选项“作者的兄< br>弟姐妹擅长音乐和语言”，与第一段最后一句相符，即：“与他们同，我不擅
长音乐和语言（ha ve no ear for music and languages）”，所以正确。选项C、D
是对第三段第三、第五句的曲解，很容易排除。
[单词详解]
1. convince [kn'vins]: Vt. 使信服，使相信
[习惯搭配] convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
be convinced of 确信，承认
be convinced that 确信，承认
[例句] I convince him of my honesty. 我使他相信我的诚实。
3. abandon ['bndn]: Vt.放弃。强调“完全、永远地遗弃”，尤其是指遗弃以前
感兴趣或负有责任的人或物。
[例句] He abandoned his wife and child. 他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。
4. have ear for: 对...有鉴赏力
have no ear for: 对...没有鉴赏力
[例句] You really have an ear for pop music. 你确实对流行音乐很有欣赏力。

Any singer needs to have an ear for music. 任何歌唱家都要对音乐十分
敏感。
5. mental arithmetic: 心算
mental: adj. 精神的, 思想的, 心理的; 智力的, 脑力的
[例句] mental and manual labour 脑力劳动和体力劳动
arithmetic: ['riθmtik] n. 算术, 计算
[例句] performs simple arithmetic functions. 进行最简单的算术运算。
6. dim [dim] adj.微暗的；朦胧的；模糊的, 看不清楚的
[例句]dim light of a candle 微弱的烛光；a dim memory of the past 对过去的模
糊记忆
7. recall [ri'k:l] vt. 使回忆, 回想; 使想起
[例句]I recall seeing him 我记得见过他.
8. crystal ['kristl] n.水晶
crystal clear 完全透明的; [喻]极其明白, 十分清楚
9. above all adv.最重要, 首先
[例句] above all, you must be independent. 最重要的是，你必须独立。
10. have a strong love of 非常喜欢…
11. enthusiasm [in'θju:zizm] n.热心, 热情, 狂热, 积极性(for)
[例句]Their enthusiasm was infectious. 他们的热情有感染力。
12. led … into把…引入
[例句] The pipes lead the water into the fields. 这些管道把水引到田里。
This course can only lead you into trouble. 这条路只会给你带来麻烦。
13. varied ['vεrid] adj. 各种各样的; 有变化的
[例句] Holiday jobs are many and varied. 假期的工作又多又杂.
14. investigation [investi'ɡei∫n] n.调查
[习惯搭配]bear investigation 经得起考查, 不怕追查
conduct an investigation in 对...进行研究
carry on an investigation in 对...进行研究

conduct an investigation into 对...进行研究
carry on an investigation into 对...进行研究
under investigation 在调查研究中
[例句]It is under investigation. 那件事正在调查中。
15. favorite ['fevrt] adj .心爱的；中意的；喜爱的
[例句]Oranges are my favorite fruit. 柑橘是我最喜爱的水果。
16. burn the midnight oil开夜车
[例句]It looks like we'll have to burn the midnight oil again tonight. 看来我们今
晚又要开夜车了。
17. observation[bz:'vei∫n]n. 观察；(观察后发表的)言论, 意见; 短评
[习惯搭配]keep sb. under observation 监视[观察]某人
18. conscious ['kn∫s] adj.知道的， 意识到的
[例句]Your conscious mind. 你的意识。
19. fancy ['fnsi] vt. 想象, 设想
20. fit together组合, 结合
[例句]These broken pieces of plates don't fit together. 这些盘子碎片拼合不起
来。
21. result in v.导致
[例句]Their efforts result in failure. 他们的努力归于失败。
22. honor [n(r)] vt.敬重；尊敬；使荣耀
[例句] Will you honor me with a visit 如蒙光临，十分荣幸。
He was honored for his courage in battle. 他因在战斗中的英勇表现而受到
尊敬。
23. curiosity [kjuri'siti] n. 好奇心; 求知欲
[例句] Curiosity killed the cat. 好奇心，惹祸根。
24. keen [ki:n] adj. 锋利的, 敏锐的, 强烈的, 敏捷的, 热心的, 渴望的
[例句]Having very keen eyesight. 目光锐利的
25. outstanding [aut'stndi] adj.显著的; 著名的
[例句]You're an outstanding individual.你真是杰出人材。
26. essential [i'sen∫l] adj. 重要的, 主要的, 根本的；本质的, 实质的
[例句]This is not essential. 这是最不重要的。
27. combine [km'bain] vt. 使联合［结合］
[例句]combine theory with practice 使理论与实践相结合
*
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Yes! That’s what you get with this big-value introduction to World Books.
Choose any four of the books shown here from as little as 25p each, plus a total of
$$ 1.95 towards postage and packing and you could save as much as $$ 97 on the
publisher’s prices.
A great deal more for a whole lot less!
With World Books you’ll go on saving $$$$$$s as a member. Each month your free
magazine is packed with popular books at huge savings. The Editor’s Choice is
often HALF the publisher’s price, and it’s always a best seller by a top author.
There are also dozens of other super books --- fact and fiction --- at never less
than 25 per cent off publisher’s price, sometimes up to as much as 50 per cent.
Great choice … great authors … and savings all the way.
With World Books You are spoilt for choice. All today’s favorite authors, all
their biggest bestsellers. The latest on cookery, gardening and other popular
hobbies. Books to entertain your children, and to help older ones with their
homework and school project. Atlases, dictionaries and encyclopedias. Books full
of timesaving, money saving tips. And many more… all at savings you’ll find
very hard to beat!
In return for your great introductory savings and the big discounts you’ll enjoy
as a member, all we ask is that you choose at least one book a month during your
first sis months. After, it’s up to you how many, or how few, you choose.
See the books at home but send no money now.
Pick your introductory books and write their numbers in the boxes on the
coupon.（优惠券） But please don’t send any money now. Look at the books at
home first and see for yourself the value you’re getting!
46. The passage is an advertisement for ____b_.
A. a publishing company
B. a mail order club
C. a city library
D. a street book store
47. One of the many features of World Books is __B__.
A. discounts are often 80 per cent.
B. There are more benefits the longer you belong to the club
C. You have chances to win large prices
D. You get a free magazine
48. World Books seems to appeal mostly to _C___.
A. average families

B. science fiction lovers
C. people with academic interests
D. such people as pop singers or baseball fans
49. First year members of World Books _C____.
A. have to buy books each month
B. must buy more than six books in the year
C. are entitles to a number of free books
D. have to buy a minimum number of books
50. How can members receive their special offer B
A. By competing a printed form.
B. By writing an application letter to World Books
C. By filling your coupons into boxes.
D. By sending a personal checks.
答案及分析：
1. B
分析：该题考察考生推理判断的能力。原文中有种种迹象表明World Book
是一个邮购书的俱乐部。如：第二段提到了…plus a total of $$1.95 towards
postage and packing…我们知道postage(邮资)和pa cking(包裹)都是邮寄物品时
才用到的词。从第三段的第二句话也可以看出来。
2. D
分析：此题考察的是细节。答案就在上题中提到的第三段第二句话。另外也
可以用排 除法：A提到了折扣，课文提到的是never less than 25 per cent,并不
是选项中的often 80%. B, C都没有在文中提及，注意识别这类干扰项。
3. A
分析：此题考察考生判断推理的能力。大家可以看第五段第三句，这句话中
提到：the lasted on cookery, gardening, and other popular hobbies,从这句话可以
推断一般的家庭会对这些书籍感兴趣。
4. D
分析：此题有一定的难度。我们采取排除法。A 的错误之处在于并不是每个
月，而是千半年的 每个月；B这种情况不一定，假设前半年每个月至少买一
本书（all we ask is that you choose at least one book a month during your first six
months）,有可能以后每个月都不买（after, it’s up to you how many, or how few,
you choose）,也就是说不买也是允许的，如果是这种情况，这一年买的书就
不是more than 6了；D属于典型的无中生有的干扰项，文中并未提及。所以
D是正确选项。意思是：World Book的会员在第一年一定要买够最低限度的
书。
5. B
分析：这又是一个细节题。从最后一段第一句可以找到答案。
Fighting Against Water
For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their
main enemy is the sea. A large part if the country is below sea level. In fact,
Holland is also called the “Netherlands” which means “low land.” Very tall and
strong walls, called dykes, have built to keep out the sea. But in very rough
weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke. Great damage can be caused
by floods when this happens.
Three large rivers are also part of the problem. These rivers are the Rhine,
the Maas and the Scheldt. They flow through Holland into the North Sea. They
have cut many passages across the country. At low tides, the rivers flow into the
sea as usual. But at high tide, the sea can flow into the rivers! This is because the
land is so low.
The battles against the water never end, but they have made Holland a
bigger and bigger country. In order to prevent floods, the engineers take, or
reclaim, land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for
seven hundred years.
Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between islands. Two dykes are
built across the passage, so they block the water between them. Then the
engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals
empty the water into the sea.
Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through
the ground. For this reason, the pumps continue working even the land has been
drained (that is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates,
and through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must
be working all the time. If they stopped, there will be very bad floods.
A piece of reclaimed land is called polder, and Holland has thousands of
polders. Some are very large, but others are quite small. There are farms on many
of the polders. Corn and other crops grow well on the drained land, and it gives
good grass for cattle. Many small towns and villages stand on polders. Even
Amsterdam’s great airport, Schiphol, was built on reclaimed land. This land used
to be under the old Lake Haarlem.
1. Water is the main threat to Holland because ____.B
A. the sea is too rough
B. the land is lower than the sea

C. the high and strong dykes can not keep the floods out
D. the weather is too rough
2. “Netherlands” means _C___.
A. high land
B. land of water
C. low land
D. land of dykes
3. Holland is threatened not only by the sea, but also by __B__.
A. the floods from broken dykes
B. the three rivers
C. the sea tides
D. many passages the three rivers have cut across the country
4. The Holland claim land from the sea in order to __B__.
A. prevent floods
B. make their country larger
C. make their country more beautiful
D. have more farmland
5. If pumps stop working there will be very floods because __D___.
A. the water will run back at high tide
B. the sea may break the dykes in rough weather
C. the battle against water will never end
D. the land is too low and water can rise up through the drained land
6. The word “polder” means __A__.
A. a piece of newly- claimed land
B. a small island
C. a newly built dyke
D. a long canal
内容提示与分析：
本文主要介绍了荷兰人与洪涝灾害斗争的情况。第一段讲述荷兰大部分
地区的海拔都在海平面以下，所以经常遭洪灾，损失惨重。第二段讲述三条
大河也是一大问题。第三段 讲述荷兰人通过占有或重新收回水下的土地来扩
大领土。第四段讲述荷兰人如何重新收回水下的土地。第 五段讲述水泵必须
不停的工作，以确保荷兰的安全。第六段讲述重新收回的土地（即开拓地）
起 着重要的作用。
答案及分析：
1. B
分析：第一段中提到：Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the
country is below sea level.他们主要的敌人就是海洋。国家大部分地区都在海
平面以下。故答案为B.
2. C
分析: 第一段中提到：… Netherland which means “low land”.由此可
以得出结论，所以选C.
3. B
分析: 第二段开头提到：Three large rivers are also part of the problem.三
条大河也是一个问题。所以选B
4. B
分析: 第三段开头提到：The battle against the water never end, but they
have made Holland a bigger and bigger county.与洪水的斗争一直没有停，但这
使荷兰成为越来越大的国家。所以选B.
5. D
分析：第五段开头提到：Because the land is so low, water from the sea and
rivers can rise up through the ground. 选项D正是这句话的改写。
6. A
分析: 最后一段提到：A piece of reclaimed land is called polder.重新收回
的土地叫开拓地。所以答案是A.
Beautiful Wuyishan Mountain
“The beauty of Wuyishan Mountain will amaze you,” my Chinese friends
said when told I would visit the nature reserve of Wuyishan Mountain. While I
was impatient to verify their comments, I was skeptical (怀疑的). As a Canadian I
am accustomed to large acres of greenery and vast forest.
But now, I must confess my impression was wrong. I was not aware that a
nature reserve could embody such splendid scenery and offer such starting
glimpse of history and ancient culture, in a country of 1.2 billion inhabitants, I
have discovered the marvel of a nature coexists in harmony and where modern
life does not disrupt (打断)the rhythm of nature.
The reserve is divided into four zones foe protection and conservation which
offer unique characteristics: the conservation zone of the Jiuquxi River in the
center, the natural and cultural zone in the east, and finally, the ruins of the
imperial Minyue City of the Han Dynasty in the village of Chengcun. These zones
formed a total environment, which since 1987 has been recognized as part of the
global network Man and Biosphere. To further promote preservation of this site,
china has requested that Wuyishan Mountain reserve be listed as a Natural and

Cultural World Heritage site of UNESCo (联合国教科文组织).
1. What’s the author’s reaction after he heard that “the beauty of Wuyishan
1. A
分析：本题是文章原句的改写。第一段的“While I was impatient to verify
Mountain will amaze you” A
A. Eager to verify but doubtful.
B. Eager to appreciate the beauty.
C. Doubtful of its real beauty.
D. Indifferent and skeptical.
2. What does the word “confess” mean D
A. Conclude
B. Confer
C. Accept
D. Admit
3. According to the passage, what is the characteristic of Wuyishan Mountain
B
A. Greenery and vast forests
B. Harmonious coexistence of man and nature
C. Splendid scenery
D. Rhythm of nature
4. What’s the zone in the west known for D
A. Nature beauty
B. Cultural diversity
C. Ecological conservation
D. Conservation of biodiversity
5. What does the word “biosphere” mean C
A. Atmosphere
B. Circumstance
C. Nature
D. Ecology
内容提示与分析：
作者以一个加拿大人的视角继续了自己游武夷山的感受。他抱这热切却
怀疑的心态游览了武夷山保护区，发现武夷山不但景色优美而且重视了历史。
作者认为武夷山景区是自然 与现代生活的和谐共存体。保护区根据其不同特
色分为四个部分：西部的生物多样性保护带；中部的九曲 溪生态保护带；东
部的自然文化带以及程村的汉代皇家民乐城遗址。中国政府已经申请将武夷
山 保护区列入联合国教科文组织的世界自然文化遗产名录。
答案及分析：
their comments, I was skeptical.”意思是“词是我就迫不及待的想验证他们的
话，我有点怀疑。”选项A是这句话的一个概括。根据这句话，作者并不是
急着想去欣赏武夷山的美，而 只是想去验证朋友的话是否正确，故B错。作
者是有点怀疑，但同时还是很急切的，所以C只说对了其中 的一个方面，说
法并不全面。作者去游武夷山的心情还是很急切的，并不是indifferent漠不
关心，所以D错。故答案是A.
2. D
分析：confess意思是“承认，坦白”，显然admit是它的同义词。A conclude
结束，终止，做出结论；B confer授予（称号，学位等），赠与，把…赠与，
协议；C accept接受，所以答案是D。
3. B
分析：本题也是原文的改写。第二段的“I have discovered the marvel of a
nature coexists in harmony and where modern life does not disrupt the rhythm of < br>nature.”意思是“我发现了现代生活与自然的节奏和谐共存的奇迹。”选项A
意思是“草 木和广袤的森林”，明天不符合文意；选项C“秀美的景色”虽然
也是武夷山的特点，但是不够准确；D “自然的节奏”显然没有切中要点，
只有B“人与自然的和谐共存”是原文的改写，最为全面准确。
4. D
分析：本体在原文中也可以找到答案，即“the conservation zone of
biodiversity in the west.”意思是“西部的生物多样性保护带”。对应的选项就
是D. Conservation of biodiversity.“生物多样性的保护”。A 自然之美；B 文
化的多样性；C 生态保护
5. C
分析：biosphere意思是“生物圈”，显然nature是 最接近的选项。前问题
到武夷山时是一方面讲人文，一方面讲自然环境。而biosphere所在的句 子中
出现的是“Man and Biosphere”;所以说biosphere涉及的是自然环境。A
atmosphere大气层；B circumstance环境；D ecology生态学。故答案为C。
Job and Dream
My father was foreman of s sugar-cane plantation in Rio piedras, puerto
Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields. I would walk
behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $$1 a day, I worked eight hours
straight, with no food breaks.
It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many
lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to

be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I’ve never been late for any job
since. I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for.
More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to day I was sick just
because I didn’t want to work.
I was only six years old, but I was doing a man’s job. our family needed
every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $$18 a
week. our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirt floor and no toilet.
Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father,
two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most
4. What gave the writer self-esteem B
A. Having a big family.
B. Bringing money back home to help the family.
C. Helping his father with the work.
D. All of the above.
5. What was the writer’s dream while working at a golf course D
A. Making a lot of money by playing golf.
B. Becoming a successful golfer.
C. Running a golf course near his house.
important things a person can have.
When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to
stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find
them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never miss one. Some nights I
would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being
able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed, the more I thought, why not I made my first golf club
out of guava limb and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the
shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball
back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity I learned working
in the field – except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a
broomstick. C
1. What was the writer’s first job
A. to stand down the fairway at a golf course.
B. To spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them.
C. To drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields.
D. To watch the sugar-cane plantation.
2. The word “tedious” in paragraph 2 most probably means _B___.
A. hard
B. boring 无聊的、令人生厌的
C. interesting
D. long
3. What did the writer learn about from his first job D
A. He could work as hard as possible.
B. He could go to work on time.
C. He should never fail to go to work.
D. He should be respectful and loyal to the people he works for.
D. Both A & B.
内容提示与分析
本文作者回忆了自己 年幼时的两次工作经历以及当时的梦想，这是一个
交织着辛酸与幸福的故事，令人感到心灵的触动。全文 分两个层次：第一层
次讲述了作者的第一份工作---在农田里赶牛犁地。这份工作虽然单调劳累，却使作者为生活做好了准备，给他上了终身受用的一课。最重要的是，使他
为自己那贫困的家庭赚了 点钱，这给予了作者人生最宝贵的东西---自尊。第
二层讲述了他的第二份工作---在高尔夫球场捡 球。在努力工作中，作者梦想
成为成功的高尔夫球手，能为自己买辆单车。怀着这样的梦想，年幼时的作
者用自制的一个简易破烂的高尔夫球杆，以他在农田工作时学到的投入精神
和热情进行着练习。
答案及分析：
1. C
分析：作者在第一段的第二句提到：My first job was to drive the oxen that
plowed the cane fields.我的第一份工作便是赶着牛犁甘蔗地。很明显，C符合
文章内容；A 守候在高尔夫球场的球道上；B当球着地时辨认出来，以便高
尔夫球手找到他们。在高尔夫球场的工作虽 然作者也做过，但并不是作者的
第一份工作，故答案为C。
2. B
分析：文章第二段开始提到：It was very tedious work, but I prepared me for
life and taught me many lasting lessons.这份工作虽然很令人厌烦，但是使我对
生活做好了准备，为我上了终 身受益的一课.从but一词可以看出这句话明显
带有转折的语气，显然tedious的语气与后面“ 我” 的收获相反，是否定的
语气。上文提到，I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For
$$1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food b reaks.我得在一头牛后面
慢慢走，用一根帚柄引导它。一天一美元，我要一直工作8小时，没有用 餐
休息时间。这项工作劳动强度虽然不大，但是却是很单调乏味。A困难的，

艰 苦的；B 令人生厌的；C有趣的；D漫长的，故答案为B。
3. D
分析：文章第二段提到：I also learned about being respectful and loyal to
the people you work for.我也学会了应该尊敬 并忠实于你为之工作的人。A他
应尽可能努力的工作；B他应该准时上班；C他绝不能上班缺勤；这些选 项
在文中也提到过，都是在种植园主的监视下作者的实际做法，但并不符合本
题的意思。作者在 文中提出，在这一份工作中实际学到的便是尊敬和忠实于
雇主。故答案为D。
4. B
分析：文章第三段最后提到：Nothing made me prouder than bringing
money home to help my mother, father, two brothers, and three sisters. This gave
me self-esteem, one of the most important things a person can have.没有什么比
拿钱回家帮助我的母亲，父亲，两个兄弟和三个姐妹更令 我感到骄傲的了。
这给我带来了自尊---一个人所能拥有的最重要的东西之一。很明显使作者感
到自尊的是能赚钱帮助家人。A并非是作者感到自尊的原因；C也不甚准确；
D前面提到的答案都对， 这显然也不符合题目意思。故答案为B。
5. D
分析：文章第四段最后提到：Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of
making thousands of dollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.多少个
夜晚我躺在床 上，梦想着我通过打高尔夫球挣到成千上万的美元，能够买一
辆自行车。C在他房子附近经营一个高尔夫 球场，文章没提到；A打高尔夫
球挣许多钱；B成为一个成功的高尔夫球手。A和B均符合文章的意思， 故
答案为D。
Water Pollution
Water problem in the future will become more intense and more complex.
Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wasters, primarily
sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease
substantially the amount of water available for building wasters. Rapidly
expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes
will produce larger volume of liquid wasters, and many of these will contain
chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population,
agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities
of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken
immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The
first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This
involves the processing of solid wasters “prior to” disposal and the treatment of
liquid wasters, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution
upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the
wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement.
Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation
and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also
be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and
poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into
marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential; economic uses
for their waste products.
1. The purpose of this passage is ___A__.
A. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems
B. to alert the reader the dwindling water supply
C. to explain industrial uses of water
D. to demonstrate various uses of water
2. Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage D
A. Expanding industries need larger volume of water.
B. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.
C. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.
D. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical
processing.
3. The word “prior to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean_C__.
A. during B. after C. before D. beyond
4. The reader can conclude that__B___.
A. Countries of the world will work together on pollution problems.
B. Some industries are now making economic use of wastes
C. Byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace
D. Science is making great progress on increasing water supplies
5. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of __C_.
A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls
B. definitions which clarify important terms
C. opinions and personal observations
D. strong arguments and persuasions
内容提示与分析：
这是一篇介绍水污染以及水污染解决办法 的文章。全文可以分为两个部

分：第一部分主要介绍水污染越来越严重，比如人口剧增使 城市污水增加，
工业扩大使含有害化学物质的污水增加。为了解决这些问题，必须采取一定
的方 法；第二部分主要介绍了两个解决方法，第一个方法是处理污水以降低
其危害，废水再利用。第二个方法 是经济有效的利用污水。比如农业灌溉和
提供工业用水。
答案及分析：
1. A
分析：这篇文章主要介绍污水的现状以及治理方法。A包含这层意思；B
警告读者要缩减 水的供应，原文没有这个意思；C解释水在工业上的应用，
太片面；D 演示水的不同用法，文中只是介绍污水的使用。故答案为A.
2. D
分析：原文中“Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more
complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters,”刚好
与答案 D的论述相反，所以文章一定没有包含D这个选项的内容。其他选项
在文章中都可以找到。故答案为D。
3. C
分析：按照常理推断，处理污水应该先过滤掉固体物质，然后再对剩下
的液体进行处理，所以“prior to”一定是“在…之前”的意思，另外，在文
章的第二段的末尾有“minimize pollution upon final disposal”,与前面的
“disposal”相 对应，应该可以分析出，这个“disposal”是“final”的，所以
“prior to”是“在…之前”的意思。故答案为C。
4. B
分析：这几个选项说得都没有错 ，但是能够从文章中推断出来的只有B。
A文章没有提及国家间的合作；C文章指说明副产品可以进入市 场，但是不
一定会带来市场的繁荣；D文章关于水供给的论述几乎没有，故答案为B。
5. C
分析：从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结
果，并没有采访专 家；也不是在争论驳斥，劝服他人；更不是在界定一个重
要的术语，故答案为C。
DNA
Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS
THIS MESSAGE ALONG. But how could cells understand a message> they
couldn’t read or write, so what form could these instructions take For a long time
this question baffled (使困惑)scientists, and they worked hard to figure out how
the messages of life were passed from generation to generation.
Then in 1953, four scientists solved the mystery. James Waston and Francis
Crick, helped by the work of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, figured out
the structure if a super- molecule(超分子)called DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic
acid 脱氧核糖核酸的缩略)，which contains the cell messages. The three men
became world famous and won the Nobel Prize, which is one of the highest
honors a scientist can be awarded. But Rosalind Franklin died before people
realized how important her work was.
Because DNA is too small to be seen under a microscope, the scientists had to
figure out how the molecules that made DNA were fitted together. They
discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder (扭曲的绳
梯), which they called a double helix(双螺旋). The “rope” and “steps” of the
DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide (核甘)bases hooked
together in special ways that could carry the coed messages of life.
DNA is in the middle of all living cells. It acts as a memory and control for
all growth and reproduction. Each “step” in the twisted ladder is a coded “word”
of instructions telling the cell how to build itself up step by step, and when to split
in two.

When a cell divides, the DNA “unzip”(解开拉练) into two strands (串)，
one for each new cells. Each DNA strand contains the full message, and
immediately starts building itself back to a double helix by using the chemicals
“eaten” by the cells. Soon each cell in the new generation has a full DNA
molecule inside it, just like the one in its parent cell. Then the process of growth
and division starts all over again.
1. Which of the following statements is not true B
A. Each living cell can take instructions.
B. The DNA molecule is a twisted rope ladder.
C. DNA acts as a memory and control center for all growth and reproduction.
D. DNA gave the first living cells the ability to split and started the amazing
story of life.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that ___C___.
A. Rosalind Franklin won the Nobel Prize for her work on DNA
B. People did not solve the mystery of DNA until the year 1853
C. The discovery of DNA has exerted a profound influence on scientific
world
D. Maurice Wilkins died before people realized how important his work was
3. According to the passage, the DNA molecule turns out to be _D__.

A. a twisted rope ladder
B. “steps”
C. coded “words”
D. four kinds of nucleotide bases
4. The phrase “the coded messages of life” in the third paragraph can be best
message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS MESSAGE ALONG.”之所以选
A,是因为它包含的内容最全面，而B, C D三个选项都仅说到了问题的一个方
面，故答案为A.
5. B
分析：本题考察对文章的推理。由第三段中的“… which contains the cell
replaced by ___A __.
A. the instructions to eat, grow, split and to pass this message along
B. the process of cell growth and cell division
C. the instructions to build itself up
D. the instructions to split itself in two
5. In the final analysis, a double helix signifies__B__.
A. the chemicals “eaten” by the cell
B. the structure of a super-molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid
C. the two strands, one for each new cell
D. the parent cell and the body cells
内容提示与分析：
本文主要围绕 DNA讲述了一些生物技术的知识。文章开头提出的问题
是：为什么生命信息从一代传向下一代？科学家 发现DNA正是秘密所在。
随后介绍了DNA的双螺旋结构。DNA处于活细胞的中心，象个记忆库记忆
着信息；最后介绍了DNA通过自我复制生成新的DNA的过程。
答案及分析：
1. B
分析：文章第三段第二句提到：“They discovered that the DNA molecule
looked like a twisted rope ladder, which they called a double helix.” DNA 只是
看起来像绳子，并非说它真是如此。选项B混淆了事实与比喻。故答案为B。
2. C
分析：由文章第二段可知，科学家获得了诺贝尔奖，可见其成就的重要
性。尤其在最后一句明 确指出他们工作的重要性，所以C正确。A不对，因
为弗兰克林在获奖之前已经去世；B不对，1953 年只是发现了DNA，并不
意味着完全了解了其秘密；D也不对，与原文不符。故答案为C。
3. D
分析：由文章第三段最后一句“The rope and steps of the DNA, they said,
were made of four kinds of nucleotide bases hooked together in special ways that
could carry the coded messages of life 可知答案，故答案为D。”
4. A
分析：本体的答案就是第一段第一句：“Each living cell contained the
messages.”可知答案，双螺旋结构就是指DNA的结构。故答案为B。
Poverty in Different Countries
In the United States during 1992, any family of four with an annual cash
income of less than $$ 14, 335 (before taxes) was considered poor. The dollar
amount was called the poverty line, an economic measuring rod devised in 1964.
The line was set at three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest
nutritionally balanced diet. The poverty line is adjusted annually for inflation.
While the poverty line in the United States was more than $$ 14, 000, the
average annual per-person income in Bangladesh was $$ 200, in Ethiopia $$ 130, in
Haiti $$340, and In Mali 4 265. Anyone in those nations with an income of $$ 14,
000 would be considered wealthy. During the Great Depression in the United
States, when half the population was considered poor, a family with an income at
the 1992 poverty line could afford to buy a house, a car, clothing and food.
The reality of poverty varies with location and social and political conditions.
Poverty basically means a lack of, or an insufficient amount of, the three primary
physical needs--- food, clothing, and shelter. But for poverty to be recognized, it
must exist alongside prosperity. Before the discovery of the New World, the
American Indians would not have considered themselves poor, though they lived
with only the bare necessities and a few handmade artifacts(人工制品).
The severity of poverty varies, depending on the economic vitality of the nation
in which it occurs. In the modern industrialized societies of Western Europe,
North America, and Japan, there are many government services provided to ease
poverty --- including free medical care and subsidized housing. The homeless of
New York City and Los Angeles can usually find some shelter and a mission
offering free meals.
46. You would be considered poor in America if __D__.
A. You are out of a job.
B. You earn less than three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest
diet.
C. You earn less than $$ 14, 335 (before taxes) per year.
D. The amount of money you earn is below the current poverty line.

47. The average annual cash income per person before taxes in the USA in
1992 was __C__.
A. more than $$ 14, 000 B. $$200
C. $$14,335 D. about $$3,580
48. The purpose of the example of the American Indians given in the 3rd
paragraph is to show that poverty is _C__.
A. absolute B. non-existent
C. relative D. never recognized
49. Free medical care and subsidized housing most probably exist in _D__ to
分析：根据文章最后一段中的In the modern industrialized societies of Western
Europe, North America, and Japan, there are many government services provided
to ease poverty --- including free medical care and subsidized housing.，只有
Western Europe(西欧)，North America(北美)和Japan(日本)才提供免费的医疗
和补助住房，加拿大在北美，故答案为C。
50. D
分析：从文章第二段中的During the Great Depression in the United States, when
half the population was considered poor, a family with an income at the 1992
poverty line could afford to buy a house, a car, clothing and food.可以知道A不
relieve the poor and the needy.C
A. Bangladesh
B. Haiti
C. Canada
D. India
50. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passageD
A. From 1929 to 1933, 50% of the American population lived in poverty.
B. Where there is prosperity, there is poverty.
C. Poverty basically refers to a lack of clothing, housing and food.
D. Anyone with an annual income around the 1992 American poverty line
would be considered wealthy.
内容提示与分析：
本文主要讲述不同国家不同时期的贫困状况。由于科技水平以及生活水平
高低不同，不同的 国家，甚至同一个国家，不同时期经济状况不同，贫困线
也不一样。
答案及分析：
46. A
分析：根据短文第一段的最后两句可知选项C太局限了。因为题目问的是“如< br>果…，在美国你可能被认为是贫穷的”，所以14，335美金并不是唯一的衡量
标准，只有D符 合题意.
47. A
分析：根据第一段第一句的文意，只有C才符合题目的要求，故答案为C。

48. B
分析：根据文章第三段第一句，“贫穷随着当地的社会和政治条件的不同而不
同”，只有 relative符合题意，故答案为B。
49. C
对。从文章第三段中的But for poverty to be recognized, it must exist alongside
prosperity.，可以知道B不对，从文章第三段中的Poverty basically means a lack
of, or an insufficient amount of, the three primary physical needs--- food, clothing,
and shelter.可以知道C不对，故答案为D。
Teach Your Child to Wonder
Children start out as natural scientists, instinctively eager to investigate the
world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy, there’s no need for a
lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your
children’s curiosity. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of
seven-year-olds to talk about science as a career. The children asked me “textbook
questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished
answering, we sat facing one another in science. Finally I said, “Now that we’re
finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “have you ever seen a grasshopper
eat When I try eating leaves like that, I got a stomachache. Why ”
This began a series of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past three decades have
shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less
for a response, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time”
to three seconds or more, children respond with more logical, complete and
creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child engaged in a science
discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good.” These words work
well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science,
quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by
saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before,” or
coming up with more questions or ideas.

Never urge a child to “Think”. It doesn’t make sense, children are always
thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation
into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few as
possible, so he will be a smaller target for your disapproval.
Lastly, show, don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive
than any lesson children can extract from a book or a television program. Let
children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass, and they’ll
understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that
water evaporates, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level
C. be patient enough when their children answer questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own
内容提示与分析：
本 文介绍如何教会孩子思考，大人应激发他们观察周围世界的兴趣，并
与他们分享这种好奇心。文章介绍了 五个要点：第一是要倾听他们的问题；
第二要给他们思考的时间；第三要注意自己的用语；第四不要刻意 鼓励孩子
去思考，因为这是没有用的；第五是应通过行动而非言语来使孩子明白道理。
答案及分析：
51. B
drop.
46. In order to arouse children’s interest, the most important things for adults
to do is B___.
A. to encourage them by saying “That’s right frequently ”
B. to share their curiosity
C. to explain difficult phrases about science
D. to offer their children lad devices
47. The word “instinctively” in the first line can be replaced by _C___.
A. actively
B. passionately
C. impulsively
D. interestingly
48. According to the passage, children can give more logical, complete and
creative answers n science discussion if adults __D__.
A. give them some hints
B. encourage them by giving them prize
C. urge them to think
D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
49. According to the fifth and sixth paragraphs, we may infer that __C_.
A. to praise does good to a child engaged in a science discussion
B. a child will not think unless you urge him to do so
C. more questions or ideas can keep science discussion going well
D. parents’ language can not affect a child’s performance
50. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share
with their children’s curiosity except that adults should__A___.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting facts
B. offer their children the chance to see things for themselves
分析：从文章第一段第三句You only have to share your children’s curiosity
可以知道答案。 其他三个选项在文章中没有提到，或与文意相反。故答案为
B。
52. C
分析 ：instinctively的意思是“生来，本能的”，表达了“孩子生来就像科学
家”这层含义。 故答案为C。
53. D
分析：本题考察的是对段落大意的把握，第四段最后一句When adults increase
their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children respond with more logical,
complete and creative answers.整是该段段意，其他三个选项在文章中没有提
到。故答案为D。
54. C
分析：文章第五段提到But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that
discussion is over. Instead, keep things going第六段又说不要刻意激励孩子去
思考。选项A不对，因为不能单纯的表扬孩子；选项B不对，因为其意义正
好与原文相反；选项D不对， 因为从第五段可以知道适当的夸奖会起到良好
的作用，但要注意方式，故答案为C.
55. A
分析：从上面的提示归纳出的几个要点可以看出，只有A没有谈到，故答案
为A.
Mary Katherine Goddard and Declaration of Independence
If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Declaration of
Independence, beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and the other 55
men who signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine
Goddard. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of
the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and
therefore heralded(宣布，预示)the support of all thirteen colonies.

Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four when her brother
opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762. When her proceeded
to get into trouble with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her
mother who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing The
Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar problems seemed to follow her
brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time
Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting Baltimore’s
first newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to
organize a colonial postal service. While he was in debtor’s prison, Mary
Katherine Goddard’s name appeared in the newspaper’s masthead (报头) for the
first time.
When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia in 1776, it
commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of
Independence in January 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the
post riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies.
During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish
Baltimore’s only newspaper, which one historian claimed was “second to none
among the colonies.” She was also the city’s postmaster from 1775 to 1789 ---
appointed by Benjamin Franklin –and is considered to be the first woman to hold
a federal position.
46. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned A
A. The accomplishment of a female publisher.
B. The weaknesses of the newspaper industry.
C. The rights of a female publisher.
D. The publishing system in colonial America.
47. Mary Goddard’s name appears on the Declaration of Independence
because__B__.
A. She helped write the original document
B. She published the document
C. She paid to have the document printed
D. Her brother was in prison
48. According to the passage, Mary Goddard first became involved in
publishing when she __C__.
A. was appointed by Benjamin Franklin
B. signed the Declaration of Independence
C. took over her brother’s printing shop
D. moved to Baltimore
49. The word “there” in paragraph 3 refers to__C__.
A. the colonies
B. the print shop
C. Baltimore
D. Providence
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Mary Goddard was __A__.
A. an accomplished businesswoman
B. extremely wealthy
C. a member of the Continental Congress
D. a famous writer
内容提示与分析：
作为《独立宣言》重签名的唯一女性，玛丽为美国的独立做出了独特的贡
献。本文叙述了她 一生的经历从偶然进入出版界道到创办巴尔的摩的第一份
报纸，从勇敢的印刷第一份官方版本的《独立宣 言》到美国历史上首位拥有
联邦公职的女性，这些无不显示了她超人的能力与远见，纵览她一生的奋斗< br>史，她的确无愧于“殖民地中第一人”的赞誉。
答案与分析：
56. A < br>分析：本题考察了对全文的理解。开始从独立宣言的签名引出了玛丽的不平
凡，然后介绍她创办报 纸，印刷《独立宣言》，最后担任市邮政局局长。文章
并没有介绍权力。出版系统的状况，也没有介绍出 版工业的状况，故答案为
A.
57. B
分析：本题有些隐蔽性。原文第二段最后说While he was in debtor’s prison,
Mary Katherine Goddard’s name appeared in the newspaper’s masthead (报头)
for the first time.这说明在弟弟入狱后，她代替他继续经营报业，所以应选B，
文章根本没有谈到撰写文章，付 钱等事，所以A, C不符合题意，而D没有
发掘出背后的信息。故答案为B。
58. C
分析：答案为第二段最后一句话，由for the first time可以知道答案，A, B所
提到的事是在后期才做的，所以不合适，故答案为C。
59. C
分析： 由第一段可以知道，玛丽印刷《独立宣言》，由第二段可以知道，他的
印刷工作都在巴而的摩进行。A, B, D在文中都没有提到。故答案为C。
60. A

分析：第一段只 是提到她是签名人之一，并没有说她是议员，所以C不对，
也不能确定她是不是有钱，有名。从她的行为 和成就看，可以肯定的是：她
是一位取得了巨大成就的商业女性，故答案为A
A Good Couple Supports Each Other
Rodney Mace, 35, is married with two young children, and is a part- time
teacher of architectural history, “I am constantly surprised by other people’s
surprise, when they come to the house and see me cleaning a floor or hanging out
the washing. Their eyes open wide at the sight of it! Much of the comment comes
from men. But I am even more surprised at the number of women who comment
B. the husband enjoy staying at home
C. they earn more money
D. the wife has a full-time job
2. Jane finally decided to apply for her present job because_B___.
A. she thought she had better qualification than others
B. her husband persuaded her to
C. it was very well paid
D. some of her friends encouraged her to
3. It is implied the passage that__C__.
too.”
His wife Jane, an Oxford graduate in modern languages, has a demanding
full-time job. She is director of the Cambridge House literacy scheme for adults in
South London. Her working week involves several evenings and Saturdays, and at
these times her husband is in sole charge of home and family. Apart from this,
they share household jobs and employ a child-minder for the afternoons. This
enables him to teach two days a week and to do what he considers his principal
work: writing. He has written several books and spends much of his time in
British Museum Reading Room, cycling there from his home in Brixton.
People ask the Maces if they think their children miss them. One can argue that
satisfied parents generally have satisfied children, but in any case the Maces are
careful to reserve time and energy to play with their children. “And they have now
developed relationships with other adults and children.”
Previously, Rodney Mace worked full-time and Jane only part-time. Then 18
months ago, the director of the literacy scheme left. “It seems to me that Jane was
very well suited to do this job. She was very doubtful about it. But I urged her to
apply. She did and she got it.” Jane Mace confirms that she needed this
encouragement, as so many women initially do,
Did his male ego(自我，自己)suffer from the change-over Nothing like that
occurred. But he still seems amazed at the way it changed his thinking. “I felt
that we were finally going to be partners. I felt enormous relief, I wasn’t avoiding
responsibility, but changing it. Our relationship is so much better now. It has been
a change for the good for both of us – in every aspect, I think it is fundamental
that the woman works. The idea of equal partnership is an illusion if one partner
doesn’t work.”
1. The article is about a couple whose married life is happier because_A__.
A. they have a truly equal partnership
A. The Maces believe a good career is even more important than their family
life
B. Rodney’s children are quite happy with their position in the family
C. Even capable women sometimes need encouragement from their families
D. The practice of sharing household jobs between husband and wife is
commonplace in London
4. We can infer from this passage that a changeover of roles in the family
__B_.
A. is quite necessary in modern life
B. is probably based on some practical reasons
C. aims solely at a complete emancipation of women
D. shows women are not necessarily inferior to men
5. Which of the following statements is true C
A. Most Englishmen think that a husband should do more housework than a
wife.
B. In London the traditional idea about the sex role at home has been
completely changed.
C. Many Englishmen and Englishwomen still take it for granted that women
are mainly in charge of home and family.
D. English people believe that men should take more responsibilities for
housework.
答案及分析：
1． A
分析：该题考察考生理解主旨要义的能力。要想答好此题，必须对全文内容
有清晰的了解。
2． B
分析：该题考察考生获取具体信息的能力。答案可在倒数第二段中获得。这

是本讲当中的重点，大家可以以此题为例体会一下这个题型。只要没有错过
具体信息， 做到此题时准确找到问题的出处，出错的可能性不大。
3． C
分析：该题考察考生推理，判断的能力。将在下一讲中提到。推理的基础是
对全文的正确理解。
4． B
5. At that time, the poor girl can’t but _B____ all her belongings at a low price.
(2002)
A. to sell B. sell C. selling D. sold
解析：答案选B。cannot but后接原形动词。表示“不得不，不能不”。

6. I’m old enough not to let my troubles to interfere with A
分析：该题还是考察考生的推理判断能力。
5． C
分析：该题还是考察考生的推理判断能力。
不定式典型试题
1. The famous novel is said _C____ into Chinese. (2000年)
A. to have translated B. to be translate
C. to have been translated D. to translate
解析：答案选C。本句中用作不定式的动词translate 和句子主语是动宾关系，
且动 词translate这一动作发生在谓语动作之前。所以要用不定式的完成被动
式。

2. The teacher has his students __D___ a composition every other week. (2000年)

A. to write B. written C. writing D. write
解析：答案选D。have sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事。故选D。 have此处为使役
动词，后面接不定式的时候，省去to。常用到的使役动词还有let, make。


3. You had better ____C__ a doctor as soon as possible. (2001年)
A. seeing B. saw C. see D. seen
解析：答案选C。had better 的用法相当于一个情态动词，其后面接动词原形。
Had better do: 最好； had better not do: 最好不要。

4. As time went on, he suffered such heavy losses that he was forced
A B C
As time went on, he suffered such heavy losses that he was forced. (2002年)
D
解析：答案选D。be forced to do sth: 被迫做某事，要接不定式。应改为
to give up。

B C D 干预、干涉
my work. (2003年)

解析：答案选C。let是使役动词，其后接不定式时要省略小品词to。类似的
使役动词还有make , have。

7. The ability ___B____ is very important for any speaker. (1999年)
A. to hear clearly B. to be clearly heard
C. to hearing clearly D. to being clearly heard
解析：答案选B。ability后接动词不定式。本题意是指演说者被听见的能力。


8. Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn’t seem ___C___ much
education. (1997年)
A. to receive B. to be receiving
C. to have received D. to have been received
解析：答案选C。动词receive的动作发生在谓语动 词seem之前，所以要用
不定式的完成时。句子主语he和动词receive不存在被动关系，因此 不用被
动。

9. Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil ___D___ only if their
sulfur硫黄 content is low. (2005年)
A. burning B. to burn
C. being burned D. to be burned
解析：答案选D。 “allow+宾语+不定式”是固定用法。本句中不定式动词
burn和宾语coal and oil是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。
***1. We were not surprised感到惊讶的 at __C____, for he had worked so hard.
(2000年)
A. what has he achieved
B. that what he had achieved

C. what he had achieved
D. that he had achieved
解析：答案选C。at是介词，其后接宾语从句时，从句要用陈述句的语序。achieve是及物动词，what在从句中作宾语，所以选C。that在从句中只起连
接作用 ，无意义。

2. ___A____ I saw was two men crossing the street. (2001年)
A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That在从句中不做任何成分

解析：答案选A。本句中的主语是主语从句，what在从句中作宾语。

3. Mary found it difficult to talk calmly about which she
A B C
had experienced at the station. (2002年)
D
解析：答案选C。what 引导宾语从句，what在从句中作experience的宾语。
C应改为：what。

4. Would the news _B______ he failed to pass the exam bother you (2003年)
A. which B. that C. of which D. on which
解析：答案选B。由于从句he failed to pass the exam 是news的内容， 所以
这是一个同位语从句，句意完整，应该用that引导。

5. The fact _B___ he does so in so short period of time challenges explanation.
(2003年)
A. why B. that C. what D. which

解析：答案选B。fact后的从句讲的是fact的内容，所以是同位语 从句，引
导同位语从句句意完整的连词只能使用that。

6. The old gentleman never fails to help __C___ is in need of his help.
A. whom B. who C. whoever D. whomever
解析：答案选C。本句中需要填入一个连接代词引导 宾语从句。且此代词要
在从句中作主语。A、D都只能作宾语。whoever引导宾语从句。who也 可以
引导宾语从句，但whoever强调无论谁。
7. __A____ was unimportant。(2000年)
A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not
B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinner
C. If he enjoyed our dinner
D. What he enjoyed our dinner
解析：答案选A。本句中包 含一个主语从句，意思是“他是否喜欢我们的饭
不重要。”只有A最符合题意。B、C中的no matter how 和if 都引导状语从
句；D项中的what在从句中作主语或宾语，而本从句中有主语和宾语。
8. How long do you think _B____ to finish this urgent task
A. did it take you B. it will take you
C. will it take you D. it to take you
解析：答案选B。think后接宾语从句。从句不倒装。
9. ____D___ was not the way the event happened.
A. Which the press reported B. That the press reported
C. What did the press report D. What the press reported
解析：答案选D。此处需填入一个主语从句 。在这个主语从句中作动词report
的宾语应该用连接代词what。

10. No one doubts _C_____ it is true.
A. whether B. if C. that D. what 解析：答案选C。doubt用在肯定句中后接if引导的从句；用在否定句中后
接that引导的 从句。
1. An old friend from abroad, _B____ I was expecting to stay with,
telephoned me from the airport. (2000年)
A. that B. whom C. who D. which

解析: 答案选B。whom, 关 系代词，在定语从句中做with的宾语，指人。本
句中的定语从句是非限制性定语从句。that不引 导非限制性定语从句。

2. This is one of the best books ___A____ on the subject. (2000年)
A. that have ever been written B. which have ever been written
C. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written
解析: 答案选A。因为先行词books前有形容词的最高级best修饰，所以只
能用th at引导定语从句，选A。当先行词前有形容词最高级、only或very修
饰时，要用that引导 这个定语从句。定语从句中的谓语和先行词保持一致。

改为which

3. The United States is composed of fifty states, two of those are
A B
separated from the others by land or water. (2000年)
C D

解析: 答案选B。应改为：two of which。在非限制性定语从句中，限定词some,
any, none, all, several以及表示数量的词可与of whom, of which连用。先行词
是物用of which; 是人用of whom。本题中which指fifty states。

4. A curve曲线is a line __D___ no part is straight and which has no angle. (2001)

A. that B. whose C. in which D. of which
解析: 答案选D。 “介词+关系代词”可引导定语从句。No part of 是固定短
语，因此用of which, 而不用in which。

5. Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village __A____ he
belonged (2001年)
A. to which B. which C. to where D. at which
解析: 答案选A。belong是不及物动词，其后接to之后才接宾语，belong to:
属于。因此选to which。where是关系副词，不能置于介词之后。to which引
导的从句是定语从句。
6. The experiment, ___A____ will soon be announced, was done by my
colleagues. (2001年)
A. whose results B. the results on which C. at which the results D. of
whose results
解析: 答案选A。此句为非限制性定语从句。关系代词 whose在从句中作
results的定语。whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
7. ___C____ is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer. (2003年)
A. That B. It C. As D. What
解析: 答案选C。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。as代替后面提到的句
子。
8. Do not trust such men ___C____ often like to praise you to your face. (2004
年)
A. who B. that C. as D. they
解析: 答案选C。当先行词被such修饰时其后的定语从句要用as引导。
9. In his latest article Tom criticizes the way which the war
A B C
is being handled. (1997年)
D

解析: 答案选C。名词way后接定语从句时要用that引导。C改为：that。


10. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,
___D___, of course, made the others jealous. (2005年)
A. who B. what C. that D. which
解析: 答案选D。本题考察非限制性定语从句。关系代词which指代前面整
个句子。在从句中作主语。
1. No sooner had they got off the train__B___ it started moving. (2000年)
A. when B. than C. then D. after

解析: 答案选B。表示“一……就……”可以有三种搭配：no sooner…than…;
hardly…when…; scarcely…when…。注意连词的搭配。本句的意思是：“他 们
刚把货物盖好，就开始下雨了。”

2. It is very important for the strong man to know that ____D__ strong he is, he
cannot be the strongest. (2003年)
A. whatever B. whenever
C. whichever D. however

解析: 答 案选D。however引导让步状语从句，修饰strong。that引导宾语从
句的句意是：无论 他多么强壮，他都不是最强壮的。
3. __C_____ I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be
solved. (2003年)
A. When B. As
C. While D. Since
解析: 答案选C。while表示虽然。句意是：虽然我承认有些问题，但我不同
意说就解决不了这些问题。
4. We’ll be only too glad to attend your party _______ we can get a baby-sitter.
(2003年)
A. so far as B. provided that
C. unless D. except that

解析: 答案选B。provided that=if。句意是：我们要是能找到人看孩子就会非
常高兴地参加你们的聚会。注意句中only too 表示“非常”
5. ___C___ she finds out that you’ve lost her books. (2003年)
A. As if B. Even if C. What if D. Suppose that
解析: 答案选C。what if=what will happen if。
6. He talks as if he _B___ everything in the world. (1998年)
A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known
解析: 答案选B。as if引导的状语 从句中表示一种不真实的情况时，要使用
虚拟语气。其构成是：表示对现在发生事情的假设用一般过去时 态；表示对
过去发生事情的假设用过去完成时态。
7. ___A____you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering考虑 (1998
年)
A. Even if B. If only C. Instead of D. Despite of
解析: 答案选A。even if 表示“即使”；if only:要不是；instead of: 代替，后
接短语；despite of:尽管，后接短语。
8. In short, ___D____ he lives, a man belongs to some society. (1997年)
A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. wherever

解析: 答案选D。wherever=no matter where 本题意是：简而言之，无论一个
人主在哪里，他都是属于某个社会的。

9. She has wanted to become a nurse ___D___ since she was a young girl. (1997
年)
A. long B. often C. always D. ever

解析: 答案选D。ever since相当于since, 表示自从。

10. Rubber differs from plastics __B_____ it is produced naturally and not in file
lab. (2005年)
A. at that B. in that C. for that D. with that

解析: 答案选B。in that 表示 “因为”，引导原因状语从句。
1. abide by（=be faithful to ； obey）忠于；遵守。
2. be absent from…。 缺席，不在
3. absence or mind（=being absent-minded） 心不在焉
4. absorb（=take up the attention of）吸引…的注意力（被动语态）be
absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ； be lost in ； be rapt in ；be
concentrated on ； be focused on ； be centered on
5. （be） abundant in（be rich in； be well supplied with） 富于，富
有 6. access（to） （不可数名词） 能接近，进入，了解
7. by accident（=by chance， accidentally）偶然地，意外。 Without
accident（=safely） 安全地，
8. of one's own accord（=without being asked； willingly； freely）自
愿地 ，主 动地
9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one's accord with 同…。不一致
10. with one accord （=with everybody agreeing）一致地
11. in accordance with （=in agreement with） 依照，根据
12. on one's own account 1） 为了某人的缘故， 为了某人自己的利
益 2） （=at one's own risk） 自行负责 3） （=by oneself）依靠自己 on account
赊账； on account of 因为； on no account不论什么原因也不；of …account
有………重要性。
13. take…into account（=consider）把……考虑进去
14. give sb. an account of 说明， 解释 （理由）
15. account for （=give an explanation or reason for） 解释， 说明。
16. on account of （=because of） 由于，因为。
17. on no account（=in no case， for no reason）绝不要，无论如何不
要（放句首时句 子要倒装）
18. accuse…of…（=charge…with； blame sb. for sth. ； blame sth. on
sb. ； complain about） 指控，控告
19. be accustomed to （=be in the habit of， be used to）习惯于。
20. be acquainted with（=to have knowledge of） 了解； （=to have met
socially ） 熟悉
21. act on 奉行，按照…行动； act as 扮演； act for 代理
22. adapt oneself to（=adjust oneself to） 使自己适应于
23. adapt…（for） （=make sth. Suitable for a new need） 改编， 改
写（以适应新的需要）
24. in addition （=besides） 此外， 又， 加之
25. in addition to（=as well as， besides， other than）除…外
26. adhere to （=abide by， conform to， comply with， cling to， insist
on， pe rsist in， observe， opinion， belief ） 粘附； 坚持， 遵循
27. adjacent（=next to， close to） 毗邻的， 临近的
28. adjust……（to） （=change slightly）调节； 适应；

29. admit of （=be capable of， leave room for） …的可能，留有…
的余地。
30. in advance （before in time） 预告， 事先。
31. to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地。
32. have an advantage over 胜过。 have the advantage of 由于…处于
有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
33. take advantage of （=make the best of， utilize， make use of， profit
from， harness）利用。
34. agree with 赞同（某人意见） agree to 同意
53. arrive on 到达； arrive at 到达某地（小地方）；得出，作出； arrive
in 到达某地（大地方）；
54. be ashamed of （=feel shame， guilt or sorrow because of sth. done）
以… 为羞耻
55. assure sb. of sth. （=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.） 向…保
证， 使…确信。
56. attach（to） （=to fix， fasten； join） 缚， 系 ，结
57. make an attempt at doing sth. （to do sth.） 试图做…
58. attend to （=give one's attention， care and thought）注意，照顾；
35. in agreement （with） 同意， 一致
36. ahead of 在…之前， 超过…；……………。 ahead of time 提前。
37. in the air 1）不肯定， 不具体。 2）在谣传中。
38. above all （=especially， most important of all） 尤其是， 最重
要的。
39. in all （=counting everyone or everything， altogether） 总共， 总
计
40. after all 毕竟，到底； （not） at all 一点也不； all at once
（=suddenly）突然； once and for all 只此一次； above all 最重要的； first
of all 首先； all in all 大体上说； be all in 累极了； all but 几乎。
41. allow for （=take into consideration， take into account） 考虑到，
估计到 .
42. amount to （=to be equal to） 总计， 等于。
43. answer for （undertake responsibility for， be liable for， take charge
for） 对…负责。
44. answer to （=conform to） 适合，符合。
45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安； 或anxious for
46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉
47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁。 appeal to sb. 对某人有
吸引力
48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ； apply for申请； apply to 适
用。
49. apply to 与…有关；适用
50. approve of （=consent to， be in favor of， favor， agree to，
consider good， right） 赞成， approve vt. 批准
51. arise from（=be caused by） 由…引起。
52. arrange for . to do sth. 安排…做…
attend on（upon）（=wait upon， serve， look after） 侍候，照料
59. attitude to toward …对…的态度。看法
60. attribute…to…（=to believe sth. to be the result of…）把……归因
于……， 认为……是……的结果
61. on the average （=on average， on an average） 平均
62. （be） aware of （=be conscious of ， having knowledge or
consciousness）意识到，知道。
63. at the back of （=behind） 在…后面
64. in the back of 在…后部（里面）； on the back of 在…后部（外面）；
be on one's back（=be ill in bed） 卧病不起。
65. at one's back（=supporting or favoring sb.） 支持，维护； have sb.
at one 's back 有…支持， 有…作后台
66. turn one's back on sb. （=turn away from sb. in an impolite way） 不
理睬（某人），背弃，抛弃
67. behind one's back 背着某人（说坏话）
68. be based on upon 基于
69. on the basis of 根据…， 在…基础上
70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢
71. begin with 以…开始。 to begin with （=first of all） 首先， 第
一（经常用于开始语）
72. on behalf of （=as the representative of） 以…名义
73. believe in（=have faith or trust in； consider . to be true） 相
信，依赖，信仰。
74. benefit （from） 受益，得到好处。
75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益（好处）
76. for the better 好转
77. get the better of （=defeat sb.） 打败， 胜过。

78. by birth 在出生上，论出身，按血统 at birth 在出生时； give birth
to 出生
79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人
身上
80. in blossom开花（指树木） be in blossom开花（强调状态） come
顾）
106. charge…for 因…索取（费用） ， charge sb. with sth. 控告某人
犯有…
107. round the clock（=all day and all night， usually without stopping）
昼夜不停地
into blossom开花（强调动作）
81. on board 到船上， 在船上， 上火车或飞机
82. boast of （or about） 吹嘘
83. out of breath 喘不过气来
84. in brief（=in as few words as possible）简言之
85. in bulk 成批地，不散装的
86. take the floor 起立发言
87. on business 出差办事。
88. be busy with sth.于某事 . be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
89. last but one 倒数第二。
90. but for （=without） 要不是。 表示假设
91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买
92. be capable of 能够， 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能
够被…的
93. in any case（=for love or money， at any rate， at any price， at any
cost ， whatever happens； anyhow）无论如何
94. in case （=for fear that） 万一；
95. in case of （=in the event of）如果发生…万一 in the case of 至
于…， 就…而言
96. in no case在任何情况下都不（放句首倒装句）
97. be cautious of 谨防
98. center one's attention on（=focus one's attention on） 把某人的注意
力集中在…上
99. be certain of （=be sure of） 有把握， 一定。
100. for certain of （=for sure ）肯定地，有把握地
101. by chance（=accidentally， by accident）偶然
102. for a change换换环境（花样等）
103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…
104. in charge of （=responsible for） 负责（某事） in the charge of …
由…管
105. take charge of （=to be or become responsible for）负责管理（照
108. comment on 评论
109. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送
进监狱； commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来； commit a matter
to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论
110. in common （和…）有共同之处，共用。 be common to sb. 是
与某人所共有的
111. keep company with （=be friendly and go out together） 和…要好。
112. compare…with … 把…与…比较
113. compare…to… 把…比作…
114. by comparison 比较起来
115. in comparison with （=in contrast to） 和…比起来
116. compensate for （=give sth. to make up for） 补偿， 赔偿，弥补
compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿，弥补
117. complain of （or about）抱怨；诉苦；控告；complain about 抱
怨某人或事情； complain to sb. about sth. （or sb.） 向某人抱怨…； complain
（抱怨）； complement （补充）； compliment （恭维）
118. comply with （=act in accordance with a demand， order， rule
etc.） 遵守， 依从
119. conceive of （think of， imagine， consider） 想象，设想
120. concentrate on （or upon） 集中，专心
121. be concerned with （=about） 与…有关
122. concern oneself about with 关心
123. in conclusion（=as the last thing）最后一点； at the conclusion of
当…结束时；
124. condemn sb. to 判决
125. on condition that （=if）以…为条件， 假如。 in that = because
因为； now that = since既然 for all that = although 尽管
126. in out of condition （=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit） 健康状况
好不好 . in good （bad） condition处于良好（坏）状态
127. confess（to）（=admit a fault， crime， or sth. wrong）承认， 供
认； confess to a crime 承认罪行。

128. confide in （=to talk freely to sb. about one's secret） 对…讲真心
话， 依赖
129. in confidence 推心置腹地； with confidence 满怀信心地； have
154. contrast…with 把…与…相对（对照）
155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下
156. contribute to 有助于
confidence in 对…有信心
130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖
131. be confident of 有信心； confidential 机密的
132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内
133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定（信念等）
134. conform to （=be in agreement with， comply with） 符合，遵
照，遵守；1）obey 服从； 2） observe； 3）comply with照…办； 4）keep
to遵循； 5）abide by服从；6）stick to按……做
135. be confronted with（=be brought face to face with） 面对， 面临
136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺
137. in connection with（=with regard to）关于，
138. be conscious of（=be aware of）觉察，知道
139. consent to（=give agreement to permission）同意
140. in consequence （=as a result） 结果
141. in consequence of （=as a consequence of）由于…的结果
142. under consideration 在考虑中
143. in consideration of （=in return for， on account of， because of ）
由于
144. on no consideration（in no case）无论如何也不
…into consideration （=take account of， take…into account）
考虑到， 把 …考虑进去
146. considerate （=thoughtful of the needs） 体贴的， 考虑他人需
要的， considerable相当大的，值得考虑的
147. consist of（=be composed of）由…组成的。 consist in主要在于。
consist with符合，与…一致
148. be consistent with（=be in agreement with）与…一致。 be
consistent in一贯的 ，
149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见， 就…向…请教
150. to one's heart's content尽情地，痛痛快快
作者：dennear发表日期：2007-01-30 19:04:16第 2 楼 151.
be content with（=be satisfied with） 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事
152. contrary to （=in opposition to） 与…相反
153. on the contrary 相反
157. under control （被）控制住 out of control无法控制
158. at one's convenience（=where and when it suits one） 在方便的时
间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便
159. convince sb. of （=cause sb. to believe or feel certain； to persuade
sb.） 使某人确信，try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…
160. cope with（=deal with， try to find a solution to）应付， 处理
161. in the corner（of）在角落里；on（at） the comer of a street在街
道拐弯处；round the comer拐过弯； be in a tight corner陷入困境
162. correspond （with） （ =exchange letters regularly） 通信
163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合，一致
164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价
165. a matter of course 理所当然的事
166. as a matter of course 当然地， 自然地
167. in （during） the course 在…过程中
168. in due course （=without too much delay） 没经过太久， 到一
定时候
169. on credit赊购； with credit以优异成绩； to one's credit使某人
感到光荣； do sb. credit 使…感到光荣
critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的
171. cure sb. of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病
172.a danger to对…的危险； be in danger（of）处于…危险中； be out
of danger脱离危险
173. to date（=so far， until now） 到目前为止
174. out of date过时的；up to date新式的，时兴的； date back to可
追溯到； date from从某时期开始（有）
175. deal with （=concern） 论及
176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债
177. on the decline 在衰退中， 在减少中 in decline 下降； on the
increase 在增加
178. to one's delight 令某人感到高兴 to one's regret 遗憾； sorrow悲
痛； relief 安心； distress 苦恼； shame羞愧； surprise 惊奇； astonishment
惊奇；
179. delight in（=take great pleasure in doing sth.）喜欢， 取乐

180. take （a） delight in 喜欢干…， 以…为乐
181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求（非物质的）东西。 demand sth.
from sb. 向某人要求（物质的）东西
demand有需求；on demand受到要求时
183. be dependent on 依靠
211. be on duty 值班， 值日， 在上班时
212. be in duty bound to （do） （=be required by one's job or esp. by
conscience） 有义务（做）
213. be eager for 想得到， 盼望
214. by ear （=play music from memory without having seen it printed）
184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物
185. derive…from（=obtain…from）从…取得，由…来的。derive from
（=come from）起源于
186. despair of （=lose all hope of） 绝望
187. in despair 绝望
188. despite （=in spite of） 不管， 尽管
189. in detail 详细地
190. deviate from 偏离， 不按…办
191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食， 节食
192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…
193. in difficulties…有困难，处境困难，
194. discharge sb. （from）…for （=dismiss sb. from a job for） 因…
解雇， 开除
195. fall back （=retreat， turn back） 撤退； in disorder 慌乱地， 狼
狈不堪
196. on display（=being shown publicly）陈列
197. dispose of （=get rid of ，throw away）处理掉
198. beyond dispute不容争议的，无可争议
199. in dispute 在争议中
200. in the distance 在远处。 make out 辩认出
201. （be） distinct from （ = be different from） 与…截然不同
202. distinguish between （=make or recognize differences） 辨别
203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开
204. do away with（=get rid of； abolish； discard eliminate） 除去，
废除，取消； do away with （=kill） 杀掉， 镇压
205. have…to do with 与…有关系
206. without doubt （=undoubtedly）无可置疑地
207. in doubt（=in a condition of uncertainty）对…表示疑惑
208. be due to 是由于
209. come off duty 下班
210. go on duty 上班
凭记忆，不看乐谱
215. have an ear for （=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music
and language）对……有鉴赏力
216. a word in one's ear 私房话， 秘密话
217. on earth 究竟， 到底， 全然
218. with ease （ = easily） 容易， 不费力
219. at （one's） ease （ = without worry or nervousness） 自在，不
拘束
220. put sb. at his her ease （=free sb. from worry or nervousness）使某
人感到无拘束
221. economize on （=save sth. instead of being wasteful） 节省
222. have an effect on 对…有影响
223. be in effect （=be in operation） 有效
224. go into effect 生效。 （ 近 come into effect； take effect； be
brought into effect）
225. in effect （=in fact， really） 实际上
226. give effect to （=carry out） 实行，使…生效
227. to no effect 不起作用，没有取得任何效果
228. （be） of no effect （=useless） 无效
229. to the effect that 大意是…，主要内容是…
230. to that effect 是那个意思的…
231. emerge from （ =appear， become known ） 出现， 暴露（问
题。 意见等）
232. place（or put， lay） an emphasis on 强调， 把重点放在…上
233. encourage sb. in 鼓励； encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工
作； encourage sb. in hisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲
234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事
235. on end （=continuously） 连续地
236. （be） at an end （=finished） 结束了
237. no end of （=very manymuch） 很多，大量
238. in the end （=finally， eventually） 最终

239. at one's wit's end （=not knowing what to do or to say） 无法可想， 267. exert oneself to do sth. 努力，使劲
智穷计尽
240. end up with 以…而结束
241. come to and end （=finish） 结束
242. end in 以…为结束
243. engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于，从事
244. enter for （=put the name on a list for） 报名参加
245. enter into （=begin） 开始（谈话， 谈判等）
246. enter on upon （=begin） 开始 （一个时代。 一种生涯。 一
段任期等）
247. be entitled to （=be given the right to do sth.）有权…，有资格…
248. be equal to 等于
249. be feel equal to （=have enough strength， ability etc.） （某人）
能胜任，能应付 on equal terms（=on and equal footing）平等地
250. be equipped with 装备有，装有
251. （be） equivalent to（=equal in value， amount， meaning） 相
等于， 相当于
252. in essence （=in itsone's nature） 本质上
253. at all events （=in spite of everything， in any case） 不论怎样，
无论如何
254. in any event （=whatever happens in the future） 无论如何， 不
管（将来）怎么样
255. in the event that（=if） 假如， 如果。 in the event 结果， 实际
情况是（常与but 连用）
256. in the event of（=in case of）万一，即使发生……时
257. except 除…以外； besides 除…以外还有……
258. except （=but） 除了。
259. except for （=apart from） 除…以外
260. （an） exception to …的例外
261. with the exception of （=except， apart from） 除去…。， 除…
以外
262. in excess of （=more than） 超过
263. exchange…for 以…交换
264. exclusive of （=not taking into account； without） 不包括
265. in excuse of 作为…的借口
266. exert…on… 对…施加…
268. come into existence （=begin to exist）开始存在； come into use
开始使用； come into effect开始运转； come into fashion开始时新； come into
action开始行动； come into power开始执政； come into sight进入视野；come
into blossom开花；
269. （be） in existence存在 come into existence 出现
270. expect…of 在…期望…
271. at the expense of在损害…情况下，以…为牺牲
272. expose…to…使暴露于…， 使…受（危险，风险）
273. be exposed to… 面临…， 受到…。
274. beyond expression （=in a manner that cannot be expressed） 无
法形容， 说不出的
275. give expression to 表达， 表现 find expression in 表现
276. to …extent 在…程度上
277. in the extreme （= extremely） 极其
278. look sb. in the eye 正视， 打量（某人）
279. close （shut） one's eyes to不理会，视而不见
280. in one's mind's eye 在心目中， 在想象中
281. in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼，转眼间
282. keep an eye on（=keep a watch on）照看，监视
283. in the eyes of in one's eyes （ = in the judgment of ） 在某人看
来， 在某人眼里
284. on the face of it （=judging by what one can see） 表面看来
285. in the face of 面对着（困难等情况）
286. in one's face当着某人的面； face to faced面对面； face up to 大
胆面向
287. fail in （=be unsuccessful in） 失败
288. in good faith（=honestly， sincerely） 真诚地
289. keep faith with 对…守信用
290. lose faith in 对…失去信心
291. on faith 毫无怀疑地， 依赖地
292. faithful to （=loyal to） 对…忠诚
293. fall into the habit （of） 养成…习惯
294. fall short of （=fail to reach a desired result， standard， etc.） 没
达到， 低于
295. familiar with 熟悉，了解

296. have a fancy for （ =like sth. without the help of reason） （没有
道理地）喜欢， 想要
297. take a fancy to （=become fond of） 喜欢
298. by far 远， 非常 （与比较级或最高级连用）
299. far from 远远不是
300. far from 非但不…（而且）
作者：dennear发表日期：2007-01-30 19:10:15第 3 楼 301.
致
325. （be） fit for （=right and suitable for） 适合
326. focus on （=concentrate on） 集中在…上 focus sth. on 把…集
中在…上
327. be fond of 喜欢
328. （be） in force 有效 ， 实施
329. go into force 开始生效
in fashion（=stylish， most modern）时兴，流行
302. after the fashion （of） 依照…
303. find fault with（=complain about； criticize）找毛病，对…吹毛
求疵
304. at fault （=in the wrong， blamable）有错
305. in favour of 赞成
306. be in favour with 受宠， 受偏爱；
out of favour with 失宠， 不受宠
307. in one's favour（=to one's advantage）对。有利
308. （be） favourable to（=advantageous）有利的
309. fear for （=be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth.） 为…担心
310. for fear of （=in case of； because of anxiety about） 以防， 由
于怕
311. in fear of （=afraid for the safety of） 担心
312. feed （sb.） on sth. 靠吃…， 用…喂养
313. be fed up with（=be unhappy， tired about sth. dull） 厌烦， 腻
了
314. feel like （=have a desire for） 想要
315. fill in 填写
316. fill out （ =fill in ）填写
317. set the world on fire=set the flames on fire（=do sth. remarkable）
有突出成就
318. play with fire （=take great risks）干冒险事
319. set sth. on fire（=set fire to sth.）使……着火，放火
320. at first sight（=when first seen）乍一看，一见
321. for the first time 第一次 （作状语）
322. in the first place 首先， 第一
323. fit into 刚好放入
324. fit in with （ = suit ， fall into agreement） 合适， 相配， 一
330. by force 靠武力， 强行
331. force…on 把…强加给…
332. in the form of 以…形式
333. be fortunate in 幸运，有好运气
334. free of charge 免费
335. be freed from 免受， 没有…
336. in front of 在…前面 in the front of 在…前部
337. furnish…with （=supply） 向…提供
338. in general （=in most cases， usually）通常
339. catch （or get） a glimpse of 瞥见（强调结果） take a glance
（or look） at看一 眼（强调动作）
340. be good for 对…有好处；对…有作用 be good at 擅长于； be
good to 对…好
341. in good time（=early）早早地（做完。到达等）
342. for good （=for ever） 永远地， 长期地
343. take…for granted （=assume to be true） 把…认为理所当然的。
344. be grateful to sb. for sth 因…感谢某人
345. on the ground（s） fo （=because of） 由于…
346. fall to the ground （计划。希望等）失败，落空
347. on one's guard（against） 谨防， 警惕 （be） on guard 站岗
348. guard against （=defend， keep safe）警惕，防止 guard…against
警卫…防止
349. guess at 猜， 估计
350. by guess 靠猜
351. be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失
352. be in the habit of 习惯于
353. break off （a habit） 改掉（某种习惯）
354. break sb. of （a habit）使某人改掉（某习惯）
355. get （fall） into the habit of养成了…的习惯

356. come to a halt （=stop） 停止； 停住
357. at hand 在手边， 眼前（附近）
358. by hand 用手工（做）
359. hand in glove（with） 狼狈为奸， 密切合作
360. in hand 1）在手边 2）（=under control）控制住
361. in the hands of 由…掌握， 控制， 负责
362. live from hand to mouth勉强度日，现挣现吃
363. at the head of 在…的前头
364. head for （=move towards） 向…方向前进
365. hear of （=know about） 听人说起， 听说过
366. at heart （=in reality） 内心里， 实际上
367. in one's heart （of hearts）内心深处，事实上
368. by heart （=by memory） 熟记， 背（诵）
369. to one's heart's content 尽情地
370. with all one's heart全心全意地，真心实意
371. hinder…form（=stop…from）阻碍，使……不能做
372. be （go） on holiday 在（去）度假 go on holiday = go for a holiday
373. be （feel） at home （=to be comfortable； not feel worried） 感
觉合适，无拘束 ，熟悉
374. be honest in诚实
375. in one's honour （or in honour of）祝贺，纪念
376. on one's honour 以某人的名誉担保
377. hope for 希望（某事发生），希望有
378. to one's horror 令某人感到恐惧的是
379. in a hurry （=hastily） 匆忙地
380. be identical with（=exactly alike）和完全相同
381. be identified with 被视为与…等同
382. in ignorance of 不知道…
383. be ignorant of （ = lacking knowledge） 对…不了解，不知道
384. （an） impact （on） 对…的强烈影响
385. impose…on 把…强加给
386. impress…on 给…留下印象
387. make （leave） an impression on sb. =give sb. an impression 给…
留下印象
the impression that有……的印象，认为
389. improve sth.（make sth. better）把原物改进 improve on（=produce
or be sth. better than…） 另做一物比原物更好
390. improve in （=get better） 有改进， 好些
391. improvement in 表示原物有改进，好转
392. include…in 把…列在…里面
393. inclusive of 把…包括在内
394. independent of 独立的，不受约束的
395. indicative of 表明， 说明
396. be indifferent to （=not interested in）对…漠不关心， 冷淡， 不
在乎
397. （be） inferior to（=less good in quality or value） 比…差；
superior to比… 好
398. inform sb. of sth. 通知， 告诉
399. be innocent of 无罪的，无辜的
400. insist on （=order sth. to happen） 坚持要
401. instead of （=in place of） 代替，而不是…
402. instruct…in （=teach） 教。指导。训练某人…
403. insure…for 把…保险（多少钱）； ensure 使安全； assure…（of）
使…确信，保证
404. insure…against 保险…以防
405. intend…for 打算把…给
406. （be） intent on 专心致志， 坚决
407. in the interests of 符合…的利益 be interested in 对…感兴趣
408. interfere in干涉， interfere with打搅，干扰
409. at intervals 每隔一会儿， 每隔一段距离
410. intervene in 干预
411. invest in 投资
412. be involved in （=become connected or concerned） 卷入， 参加
413. by itself （=alone， without help）单独地，靠自己
414. in itself 本身； of itself 自发，自然
415. be jealous of 妒忌
416. jump at （=to be eager to accept）抢着接受，
417. jump on （=scold， tell of） 叱责
418. junior to sb. 年纪较…轻， 职位较…低。
419. （be） keen on 喜爱， 渴望
420. keep a close watch on （ =keep a sharp lookout for） 密切注视
421. keep…to oneself（=keep secret）不告诉别人

422. to（the best of） one's knowledge 据…所知
423. at large（=at liberty， free） 在逃， 逍遥法外 at large（=in general）
一般来说， 大体上 at large（=at full length； with details）详细地
424. lean against （背）靠着…
425. at least 至少； at most 至多
426. （not） in the least 一点（也不）， 丝毫（也不）
427. at one's leisure 在…有空的时候
428. lend itselfthemselves to适合于（某用途）
429. at length （=after a long time， at last）终于 at length （=in detail，
be in a mess 乱七八糟， 处境困难 make a mess of 弄乱， 打乱
452. bear（or keep）…in mind（=remember）牢记
453. bring（or call）to mind（=remember）使回想起
454. by mistake（由于粗心，健忘原因而）错误地
455. at the moment （=now） 此刻，现在 for the moment （=for the
time being）暂时 just a moment 稍等片刻 at the last moment 在最后一刻
456. in the mood for 有情绪去做……，有心境做。
457. no more…than 和…一样都不…
458. for the most part 多半，大多数，一般来说
thoroughly）详细地
430. go to any length想一切办法， 尽一切力量
431. be liable to （=be subject to）易于……的，应受（罚）
432. be liable for 对…应负责任的
433. lie in 在于
434. in life 一生中
435. for life 终身
436. in the light of （=considering； taking into account） 考虑到， 根
据
437. throw light on （ = make clear， explain） 使…更为清楚， 提
供线索， 阐明
438. in line with（=in agreement with）符合，一致
439. long for（=want very much）渴望，希望得到
440. for long 很久，很长时间（否定句。疑问句中）
441. before long （=soon）不久， 过了不久以后。
442. in the long run （=in the end）从长远来说，最后； in the short term
（从短期来说）
443. （be） at a loss 不知所措
in 主修（某课程）
445. as a matter of fact 实际上， 事实是
446. by all means （=at all costs）不惜一切。 （=certainly） 当然行；
by means of用…； by no means 完全不， 决不
447. on memory of 为纪念…
448. on the mend （=in the process of recovering） 好转， 在康复中
449. mention sth. to sb. 向某人提起某事
450. at the mercy of （=in the power of） 任…摆布， 在…支配下
作者：dennear发表日期：2007-01-30 19:10:55第 4 楼 451.
459. at （the） most 最多， 至多
460. make the most of 充分利用
461. be not much of（=not a good）不是很好的… be something of 有
点…，像…
462. name after 用…的名字命名
463. native to 所产的
464. by nature 天生的， 生来
465. in mature 本质上
466. （be） in the nature of 属…性质
467. none other that 不是别人，正是…
468. above normal 高于正常（温度）
469. for nothing （=free， without payment）免费
470. nothing but 只有， 不过…而已
471. to say nothing of（=not to mention）更不用说…
472. do sth. at short notice 只给很少时间准备
473. until further notice 在另行通知前
474. take notice of （=pay attention） 注意
475. object to （=be opposed to） 反对
476. objection to （接动名词） 反对
477. on occasion（=now and then）不时地，必要时
478. by occasion of （=because of） 由于
479. occupy oneself with （in） 忙于（某事）
480. it occurs to sb. that… 某人想到…
481. once and for all =once and forever永远地 all at once （=suddenly，
now） 立即，马上 once in a while （=occasionally） 偶尔 （just） for once
就这一次
482. （all） by oneself 独自（没有别人帮助）

483. operate on sb. 给某人做手术 operation n. come go into operation
开始运转 putbring sth. into operation 使…投产，运转
484. be of the opinion 持有…的看法
485. in one's opinion 按某人的看法
516. come to the point 谈主要问题
517. there is no point in doing sth.没必要做某事
518. to the point 中肯， 切题
519. point at （=indicate， direct attention）指着 point out （=indicate，
486. be opposed to… 反对…
487. be opposite to 与…相反的
488. （be） in order（=acceptable）合适的，恰当的 in order 井井有
条，处于良好状态； out of order（=in bad condition）出毛病，发生故障
489. made to order 定做的（衣服）
490. originate infrom（=begin）起源于，由……引起
491. on the outskirts （of） 在城郊
492. owe…to 把…归于…
493. on one's own （=along， without help）单独
494. of one's own某人自己的
495. keep pace with 跟…齐步前进
496. go to great pains=take pains 下功夫，努力
497. part with （=give up， sell） 舍弃，卖掉
498. participate in （=take part in）参加
499. （be） particular about 讲究，挑剔（吃，穿）
500. in particular （=especially） 特别是，尤其
501. （a） passion for 对…的热爱，热情
502. be patient with 对…耐心
503. pay for 赔偿， 付款， 报偿， 处罚
504. pay…for 付…的钱
505. （be） at peace with 与…和睦相处 in peace （=peacefully）安
静，平安
506. peculiar to… 特有的， 独具的
507. penalty for 对…的处罚，罚金
508. perform on the piano（=play the piano） 演奏钢琴
509. persist in 坚持，固执
510. in person 亲自， 当面
511. in place （in right or proper place） 放在应放的地方
512. in place of （=instead of） 代替
513. take（a） pleasure in 喜欢做某事
514. be on the point of doing sth. （=be about to do sth.） 刚要去做
515. beside the point 不切正题，无关紧要
show） 指出，指明
520. popular withamong大众所喜爱的，拥戴
521. in the position of 处在…位置上
522. in practice 实际上（状语）；业务熟练（表语）
523. be（get） out of practice 荒疏，不熟练
524. bring（put）…into practice使…成为现实
525. prefer…to… （choose rather， like better） 宁要， 更喜欢
526. prepare for breakfast 准备吃早饭 prepare breakfast 作早饭
527. in the presence of 在…在场的情况下
528. for the present（=for the time being， for now）暂且，就现在来
说； at present 现在，此刻
529. preside over at 主持（会议，业务等）
530. prevail over 占优势， 压倒， 战胜
531. prevent…from 使…不， 防止…做
532. previous to （=prior to） 在…之前
533. take pride in（=pride oneself on） 以…自豪
534. pride oneself on upon 以…自豪
535. in principle （=only in regard to the main idea） 原则上
536. prior to （=before） 在…之前
537. in private （=privately） 私下， 秘密地 in public 公开地
538. proceed from （=arise from， result from） 由…发出， 由…引
起（产生）
539. proceed with （ =begin and continue sth.） 继续进行
540. in progress（=in the state of be done）进行中
541. prohibit…from （=forbid） 禁止， 阻止
542. in proportion to 与…成比例
543. protect…from 阻止……不受，保护不受
544. be proud of 为…自豪
545. provide for 为…做准备
546. in public 公开地， 当众
547. on purpose（=by intention， deliberately）故意
548. to the purpose （=useful for one's purpose）得要领的， 中肯的

549. be qualified in 在某种科目或学科上合格 be qualified for 在某
种职业上合格
550. call…in question 对…表示怀疑
551. beyond （all） question （=without question） 毫无疑问
552. out of the question （=impossible）不可能的
553. in question （=under discussion）所谈及的；
554. without question 毫无疑问
555. be caught in the rain 被雨淋了
556. at random （=without aim or purpose） 随便地， 任意地， 胡
乱地
557. range over （=cove， include） 范围包括
558. range between 范围在……与……之间不等
559. at any rate （=at all events）无论如何，总之
560. beyond the reach of 无法达到（得到，理解）
561. out of reach of 无法够到。 within reach of （or within one's reach）
够得到 ，能拿到
562. react to 对…作出反应
563. react on upon 对…产生影响
564. react against 作出反抗或反对反应
565. （be） ready for 准备好做…
566. in reality （=in fact， really） 事实上
567. beyond all reason 没有道理的
568. by reason of （=because of） 由于，因为
569. it stands to reason that …理所当然
570. reason with （=argue） 劝说
571. in the red 亏损，负债，赤字 （be） get out of red 不再亏损
572. refer to…as 把…称做…
573. refer…to… （=send， take） 送交，呈交
reference to（=concerning， about）关于
575. within regard to （=concerning）有关，关于
576. give one's regards to sb. 向…问候
577. regardless of （=without worrying about， despite， in spite of）
不顾，不考虑
578. inwith relation to 关于， 有关
579. relevant to 与…有关的
580. to one's relief 令…感到放心的是
581. relieve…of… 解除，解脱；帮助拿，辞退
582. rely on 依靠， 信赖
583. remark on（upon） 对…发表评论
584. remedy for 对…治疗法， 补救， 药物
585. remind sb. of 提醒某人…，使某人向想起
586. in good repair（=in good condition）处于良好状态； be under
repair 在修理中
587. reply to 答复， 回答
reproach不受责备的；beyond（all） reason毫无道理；
beyond question毫无疑 问；beyond belief以相信；beyond hope绝望
589. resort to 诉诸于……， 求助于… resort to force 诉诸于武力
590. inwith respect to （=concerning）有关，关于
591. respond to 对…反应， 响应， 对（药）有效
592. in response to（=as an answer to）回答，反应
593. be response for 对…负责， 是造成…原因
594. rest onupon（=be supported by）依靠，寄托
595. rest with （=be in hand of） 在…手中， 是…的责任； 由…决
定； 依靠
596. restrain…from（=hold back from）抑制……不……
597. restrict…to（=keep within limits）把……限制于……
598. result in （=cause） 导致
599. with the result that 其结果是
600. in return （for） 作为报答； 以报答（for）
学位英语应用文写作范文英语作文 2009-07-27 16:17:27 阅读2965 评论
2 字号：大中小
1. 外籍教师Lynne任教期满准备回国，学校答应派车送她去机场。她在临行前一天写了张便条提醒办公室李老师：
1)．请检查(check on)明天的车是否落实，提醒司机(remind sb. of sth.提醒
某人做某事)。
2)．她之所以要确定一下，是因为太早不好叫出租车。 3)．感谢费心，
并感谢一年来的关心。
4)．在学校一年来，生活愉快、难忘，很可能再来。
5)．留下一些英语书给贵校图书馆，希望对学生有用。 字数：
100—120个词。
Hi, Mr. Li,
Could you please check on the car to take me to the airport Please

remind the car driver of this. I want to be sure of this car, because it will be too （1）希望能够派车接送； （2）需要一名说标准英语，并非常熟
early in the morning to call a taxi if the school car doesn’t show up. I am sorry to
悉苏格兰的导游；
trouble you again. Here I thank you again for all that you have done for me during （3）请求告知旅行日程及就餐、旅馆、费用等情况；
my stay in your school. I really enjoy teaching here, and will never forget the day （4）你的联系方式：电子邮箱地址：Jackwang@或
I spent with my students. Probably I will come back some day. I leave some 电话号码：
English books to your library. I hope they will be useful to your students.
Yours
Lynne
2. 假设你是李华，最近国 内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁
出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封 信，反映讨论结
果。
赞成迁出： 反对迁出：
①．游客多，交通堵塞 ①．建于1906年，中外闻名
②．郊区环境好 ②．搬迁易造成动物死亡
注意：1)．词数100字左右，信的开头已为你写好。
2)．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3)．参考词汇： 郊区—suburb
June 3 ,2005
Dear Editor ,
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the
Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city . Some of my classmates are in favor
of the move .They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic
jams .They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better
living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea,
saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well
–known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. What’s more,
moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big
decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.

Yours truly,

Li Hua
3. 假设你的英文名为Jack，是英国诺丁汉大学的中国留学生。你负责 为
在该校就读的32名中国学生筹划圣诞节期间的苏格兰之行，为期7天，请你
给诺丁汉的ST A（Students’Travel Agency）经理Phil发一封电子邮件，联系
有关事宜。要点如下：
注意：（1）词数：100词左右；（2）开头和结尾已为你写出，不计
入总词数；
（3）参考词汇：旅馆住宿accommodation；旅行日程安排
itinerary；长途客车 coach
Hi, Phil,
I’d like you to organize a trip to Scotland for us. I have here a group of 32
Chinese students studying in Nottingham University, who want to go on a
seven-day tour during the Christmas days. I hope we can have a coach which will
take us to Scotland and then bring us back to Nottingham. We also need a guide
who speaks standard English and knows Scotland well. I would be very grateful if
you can work out an itinerary as soon as possible and tell me about our
accommodation, meals as well as how much each of us has to pay. If you have
any information, please either email me to Jackwang@ or call me at
.
Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours Truly.

Jack
4. 加拿大高中生David在互联网上登出启事notice，希望结识一位 中国
朋友，以便学习中国的语言、文化。假设你是重庆实验中学的李华，请在看
到这则启事后， 用英文给David发出一封电子邮件。主要内容包括：
①. 你怎样得知他的愿望 ②. 你愿意成为他的朋友
③. 你打算如何帮助他 ④. 你盼望他的回复 注意：词数：100
词左右
Dear David，
I am LiHua. I am glad to read your notice on the internet and I know you
want to make friends with a Chinese in order to learn the Chinese language and
culture. I want to be your friend. Now I’d like to introduce myself to you. I was
born in Chongqing in 1990，I study in the Experimental Middle School of
Chongqing and I am good at English.

I think I can help you to know about China by sending ’s
more， we can have chats on the Internet in Chinese or English and I’ll tell you
the customs，the festivals，the foods，etc. of the Chinese. I hope we can keep in
touch with each other.

I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
LiHua
5. 假如你是一名大学生叫李华，对近年来大学毕业生就业情况颇有已见，
How are you doing
The other day when 1 was watching China Report CCTV at home, I was
excited to learn that the Chinese government is calling on her people to speed up
the reconstruction of their countryside. The report at once took my thoughts back
to the small village I once lived in.
The houses were old and low. The roads were muddy and narrow.
Villagers had to go a long way on foot or by bike in order to do some shopping or
see a doctor in town. Because of very small income, villagers lived quite a plain
life, even without TV sets or telephones.
请根据下面提供的信息向报社写信谈谈你的看法。字数100左右。开头已给
出 。
学生心态 向往城市，不愿下乡。
就业现状 城市人才过剩；农村渴求人才。
就业前景 农村天地广阔，可施展才华。
Dear editor,
I am writing to you to talk about taking up occupations for college graduates.
Nowadays many graduates are looking forward to obtaining employment in big
cities, not willing to work in the countryside.
As a matter of fact, there are not enough opportunities to satisfy most of the
hunters in big cities while in the countryside talented people are badly needed and
a lot of posts are waiting for us. Rural areas are a vast world, where you can put
your abilities to good use and you’ll be able to make greater contributions to the
building of new countryside.
Therefore, I believe we can have as bright a future in the country as we have
in the city.
Yours,
Li Hua
6. 假如你叫王东，你的叔叔三十年前离开家乡去了美国。不久前，他观
看China Report节目，得知中国决定加大建设社会主义新农村的力度，感慨
万分，于是发了一份e-mai l给你，询问近来家乡的变化情况。请根据email
内容和提示要点，给你叔叔做简要回复。E-ma il开头和结尾已经给出。
日期：20-03-2006
发件人：Wangguifu usa@
收件人：Wangdong_88@
主题：T0 Xiaodong
Dear Xiao Dong
How time flies!. It is 30 years since I left my home village. It must have
changed a lot. Would you please write and tell me something about its changes
Remember me to your parents!

Yours，

Wang Guifu
7.要点：①．叔叔离家后，家乡变化很大。 ②．生活条件愈来愈
好。
③．房子大而宽敞，许多人住进了设施齐全的公寓。
④．装了电话，买了彩电、洗衣机、冰箱等。⑤．宽敞的道路连接了村
庄和城镇。
⑥．买了拖拉机、卡车和汽车。⑦．学校教育良好。⑧．政府重
视农村城市化建设。
要求：1)、词数：100左右。2)、可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行
文连贯。
Dear Uncle ,
I’m very glad to receive your email .
Great changes have already taken place since you left , Our living conditions
are getting better and better. Villagers have moved into big and comfortable
houses, and many live in well-equipped blocks of flats. Almost all have been
equipped with telephones . They have not only bought color TV sets , but also
washing machines , fridges, etc. Wide roads have been built to connect villages
and towns. Some families have got their own tractors, trucks or even cars. Besides,
children can now enjoy very good education.
Our government cares very much about the reconstruction of our countryside .
We are speeding up the citifying of the villages .

I hope that you and aunt will come back and have a visit to the new village .
Best wishes .
Yours
Xiao Dong
8. 请以宿舍管理委员会的名义写一份通知，2007年4月2日发出。内容
如下：
① 时间：4月5日晚上7点。 ②地点：3号楼103房间。
③ 内容：学生宿舍安全问题：安全用电、火灾应变、防止失窃等。
④ 参加人员：每间寝室一名同学。
⑤ 要求：带笔记本，按时到场，做好记录，并传达给室友。
注意：1）通知的格式已经为你写好，不计入总词数；2）词数：100左右。
参考词汇：学生宿舍 dormitory，盗窃theft（n.）
Notice
A meeting is going to be held in Room 103 of Building 3 at 7 on the evening
of April 5. Problems to be talked about at the meeting include the safety of the
dormitories, proper use of electricity, what to do in case of fire, prevention of theft
and so on. A member of each dormitory is required to be present. They should
take notebooks with them and arrive on time. They should take notes carefully
and after the meeting they are to inform their roommates of what is discussed and
what measures will be taken.

The
Dormitory Committee
April 2nd, 2007
9. 假如你叫李平，是一位成绩优秀的学生，你班班主任在安排座位时，
让成绩好的学生和 成绩差的学生作同桌，这在你们班成绩优秀的学生中引起
了反响，团活课上大家就此进行了讨论。现在请 你根据下表把讨论结果向班
主任写一封信反映一下，并说出自己的观点。
赞同 反对 你的观点
1．人人有长处和不足，成绩差的学生也有可取之处；
2．相互学习，建立友谊；
3．通过帮助学习差的学生的学习从而使他们建立自信。 1．部分学习差
的学生常常违反校规校纪，担心自己会受影响，养成坏习惯。
2．老是问问题，使自己不能专心学习。 ？
注意：1．词数：100~120，短文的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词
数。
2．短文需包括表中所有要点，内容可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
3．参考词汇：成绩差的学生：a slower student
Dear Mr. Zhang,
We have held a discussion about whether it is good or not for a top student to
share a desk with a slower student.
Some are for the idea. As they know, everyone has strengths as well as
weaknesses. Although they are not good at lessons, they might do well in other
fields like sports or arts. Therefore, they can learn from each other, and they may
develop a friendship. In addition, top students can help slower ones gain
self- confidence by helping them with their lessons, which benefits them all.
However, others don’t hold the same view. They think some slower students
are always making trouble, such as keeping talking in class, breaking school rules,
which may lead to them forming the bad habits. Besides, slower students often
ask top students questions, which has a bad effect on their studies.
In my opinion, I’d like to choose to share a desk with a slower student so that
we can learn from each other and make progress together.

Yours,

Li Ping
10. 假如你是校报负责人，急需在学校内聘一位同学任英文版的编辑，请
你用英文以“An English Editor Wanted”为题目写一则招聘启事。内容要如
下：
⑴．该工作主要包括 两部分：一是从英文报刊杂志及互联网上选择适合
学生的文章；二是选择与编辑同学们的来稿。 ⑵．希望该同学满足下列要求：
① 乐意奉献出一些业余时间为同学们服务； ② 英文与美术皆好；能熟
练使用电脑。
③ 感兴趣的同学请在本周内与学生会（Students’ Union）联系。
注意：（1）词数100左右；（2）不要逐字翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的
短文。
An English Editor Wanted
Our school newspaper is looking for an editor for its English edition．The job
mainly includes two parts: One is to choose proper English articles from other
newspapers, magazines or Internet for us students. The other is to pick out articles
from those written by students in our school and edit them for use．
We hope that heshe could meet the following requirements: First, heshe is

willing to devote some of hisher spare time to serving the others．Second, it’s
necessary for himher to be good at both English and fine arts. Besides, the ability
to use the computer is important．
Those who are interested in the job, please get in touch with the Students’
2.参加泉山植物园。
集合地点 学校大门前
集合时间 1. 4月25日上午乘校车前往；
2.早上七点集合，七点二十分开车。
Union this week．
Students’
Union
11. 假定你是某市居民，名叫李华。你觉得该市出租车行业问题较多，请
写一封信给该市市长，内容应包括：
问题 (1)停靠点太少，不易打的; (2)欺诈外地乘客; (3)车速过快，事
故频频;
(4)仍有拒载者; (5)深夜聚集在娱乐场所外等客时制造噪音，影响他
人休息。
建议 要求加强管理
注意：1.字数100词左右。文章开头已给出。
2.参考词汇：绕道：take a roundabout route 不替别人着想的：inconsiderate
(adj.)
行业：trade 加强管理：tighten control over…
Dear Mayor,
I’m a resident of the city. I feel there are many problems existing in the trade
of taxi in our city. First of all, there are still not enough stops in the streets so it’s
not easy to take a taxi. And taxis often run very fast, which causes many traffic
accidents. What’s more, some taxi drivers still refuse to pick up some passengers
without any reason. Another terrible thing which often happens is that deep at
night taxis waiting around the entertainment places make much noise. Many
people suffer from this inconsiderate action. A friend of mine living in another
city once visited me, and she told me our city’s taxi drivers cheated her by taking
a roundabout route. What will a guest think of our city after such a bad experience
I think we must take actions to tighten control over the taxi trade. Maybe the
first thing to do is raise the taxi drivers’ professional morality.
We are looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
12. 如你是学生会主席，请根据下面图表，用英语写一则关于春游的通知。
参加者 高中一、二年级的学生
活动内容 1.去博物馆看《人与自然》的展览。
注意事项 1.参观展览时保持安静；并认真记笔记，准备回来后讨论。
2.在山顶野餐，要自带午餐和饮料。
3.参加者在本周四前到学生会报名。
注意：
1.通知必须包括表内所列内容，可以适当调整内容的顺序和增加细节，使
其连贯、完整。
2.词数：100左右。 3.通知时间：4月24日
4.生词：植物园the botanical garden; 报名sign up for; 学生会the Students'
Union
Notice
The students of Senior Grade One and Grade Two will go out for a visit on
April 25. We'll first go to the museum to see an exhibition of Man and Nature.
When you’re in the exhibition hall you should keep silent and make careful notes
because we’re going to have a discussion after we come back. After that we plan
to visit the botanical garden on the Quanshan Hill and have a picnic on the top of
it. So please bring lunch and some drinking water with you.
Our school bus will take us there. The school bus will leave at 7:20. Please
gather at our school gate at 7:00 a.m.
Those who want to take part in the activity should sign up for it at the
Students’ Union before Thursday.
The Students’ Union
April 24
13. 假设你是浙江大学的老师，你将在开学典礼上向一年级的新生致辞。请你根据下面的提示写一篇演讲稿就大学的学习生活提出几点要求，并适当
阐述其重要性。
①．合理安排学习和生活 ②．同学之间关系融洽 ③．积极参加校园社
团活动 。。。。。。
参考词汇：大学一年级新生 freshman n. 社团 society n.
注意：1)．演讲稿必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
2)．演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 3)．词数：100—120
Good morning, everybody. Welcome to Zhejiang University!
As a freshman, you are going to have a completely new life. So here is

something you should keep in mind. Yours,
First, arrange your time properly. You’d better make a timetable so that you
will know what to do and how to do it and take advantage of every minute. It will Editor
make your work more efficient. Living in the university, sometimes you will face 15. 假如你是李华，针对目前有些中学生购买彩票的现象，给21st Century
some problems that you can’t deal with all alone. Then help from others will
报社编辑写信，并谈谈自己的看法，其中包括以下要点：
make things easy for you. So get along well with all the people around you. ①．弊远大于利；②．中学生没有经济来源，容易诱发一些不良行为；
Always be open-minded and warm-hearted. Don’t speak ill of others at will. You ③．从当前说，会影响学习；
should always bear in mind that we are in a big family. At last, take an active part ④．从长远看，会养成事事走捷径的侥幸心理，其危害将影响其一生。
in societies. Societies at school are your second teachers. It will not only provide 注意（1）信的开头和结尾已经给出； （2）必须包括以上要点，可适当
you more chances to make friends and challenge yourself, but make your school
life rich and colorful as well.
Enjoy your university life!
14 下面是一个中学生给某报编辑部写的一封信，仔细阅读并就信的内容
以编辑的名义给此中学生回一封信。
Dear editor.
I am an active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom, like a boy.
I don’t care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbor, the girl who sits
next to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I can understand
this.
What I can’t stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things.
How can I get along with her
yours
Sunny,
注意：1)．书信格式要规范；
2)．回信需就 原信内容给出至少三条建议（如谈心，相互理解，参加他
们的生日等活动，谈论共同话题，分享快乐等等 ）； 3)．字数：120左右。
Dear Sunny,
It’s very good that you want to be friends with this girl. In my opinion, you’d
better first have a heart-to-heart talk with her, because understanding each other is
very important for you two. And I also think it’s better for you to ask her to join
you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such as birthday parties, going
out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, and so on. Besides, helping
each other is also very important for both of you. Just share happiness and sadness
with her. And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain you two
will be good friends in the future. Good luck to you.

发挥，但不要逐句翻译； （3）字数100左右，不包括开头、结尾。
Dear editor ,
At present , many high school students are addicted to buying lottery tickets
and they seem to have good reasons . However , I’d like to talk about my views
on the phenomenon.
In my opinion , its disadvantages are far more than its advantages, despite one
of their reasons that they can do something useful for society in this way . High
school students can’t support themselves financially but depend on their parents
for the moment. Thus, in order to collect money with which to buy lottery tickets,
they may try every possible means , even commit crimes .
In addition, if they put their minds on lottery tickets, their lessons will be
more or less affected. And in the long run, lottery ticket purchasing may
contribute to their wrong understanding that there must be a shortcut to every
destination , which will surely do great harm to their future life.
Therefore, I think it is necessary for them to keep away from lottery stations
and concentrate on their studies for now.
Yours ,
Li Hua
16. 假如你是王林， 李明是你的好友， 他对布朗先生的公司感兴趣，打
算到该公司谋职（apply for a position）。请根据下面李明的简历表，用英语为
他写一封推荐信。
词数110左右。
姓名 李明 性别 男 国籍 中国
出生地 重庆 婚否 已婚 出生日期 1980.8.21
通讯地址 重庆市人民路148号 电话
职业 律师 学历 大学毕业
外语水平 擅长英语， 懂一些日语、德语

其他 有三年工作经历，办事认真，待人诚恳，与人和睦相处
Dear Mr. Brown,
I’d like to introduce my friend to you, Mr. Li Ming, who is going to apply for
a position in your firm. He graduated from college three years ago and has
worked as a lawyerever since. He is good at English and knows some Japanese
and German. He works hard and is careful in everything he does. He is honest,
kind and easy to get on with. He was born on August 21st, 1980 in Chongqing,
China. He is married and lives at No 148 Renmin Road, Chongqing city. His
telephone number is . He shows great interest in your firm. If he is
accepted, he will do his best. I’m sure he will be fit for the position.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Wang Lin
17. 假如你是业余气象员，你从电台天气预报节目得知了今晚和明天 上午
你处的天气情况，晚饭后6点钟在校广播室用英语向全体师生作天气预报，
并提出忠告。要 点如下：
①午夜至凌晨两点有强劲北风。 ②气温将下降5-8度。
③明天上午有阵雨。 ④要求同学们今晚离开教室时关好门窗。
⑤明天早上起床时多穿些衣服，以防感冒。 词数100在右。
Attention, please.
It is six o'clock in the afternoon. I'm now giving the weather forecast as usual.
From midnight to 2:00 tomorrow morning there will be strong north wind
blowing across our town and the temperature will drop by 5-8℃.Also there will
be showers tomorrow morning. Therefore be sure to close all the windows when
you leave your classroom tonight and when you get up tomorrow morning, please
put on more clothes in order to keep yourself from catching cold.
That's all. Thank you.