有关未成年人犯罪呈上升趋势不容忽视的探析中英文对照

有关未成年人犯罪呈上升趋势不容忽视的探析中英文对照
On the analysis of juvenile crime is on the rise should not be
ignored. In both Chinese and English

当前，未成年犯罪呈上升趋势，应当引起社会各方面的关注。预防未成年人犯 罪是一个复杂
的社会工程，需要学校、家庭、社会的共同努力，实行综合治理。
At present, juvenile crime is on the rise, should cause attention from all sectors of society.
Prevention of minor crime is a complex social engineering, needs the joint efforts of school,
family and society, implement comprehensive management.


论文关键词 未成年人 犯罪原因 预防对策
Paper keywords cause minor crime prevention countermeasures


未成年人犯罪一直是全社会关注的热 点问题，也是消除社会不稳定因素，维护社会稳定，
构建和谐社会的重要课题之一。现今，由于学校教育 的缺失、家庭生活的不幸、社会环
Minor crime has always been the hot topic in whole society, and eliminate social instability factors,
maintain social stability, one of the important subject of building a harmonious society. Nowadays,
due to the lack of school education, family life, social ring. Unfortunately


境的种种诱惑， 使得未成年人犯罪问题越来越触目惊心，已成社会管理的一个严峻问题。为
做好预防未成年人犯罪以及保 护未成年人合法权益工作，使未成年人能有一个健康的成长
Of the temptations, make minors crime problem becomes more and more, has become a serious
problem of social control. To prevent juvenile crime and protect the legitimate rights and interests
of minors, make minors can have a healthy growth


环境，笔者结合所办案件，深入分析了未成年人犯罪的特点和原因，并结合实际提出相关的
建议 与对策，以期对预防和减少未成年人犯罪有所裨益。
Environment, the author combined with the case, run by in-depth analysis of the characteristics
and reasons of the minor crime, and puts forward related Suggestions and countermeasures, in
order to help to prevent and reduce juvenile crime.


一、未成年人犯罪的基本情况及特点
One, the basic situation and characteristics of minor crime


2009年至2011年，我院共受理未成年人犯罪案件24件33人，其中2009 年受理3件4
人，2010年受理8件9人、2011年受理13件20人，近两年来我区未成年犯罪直 线上升，

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并呈现出
From 2009 to 2011, our hospital a total of 33 people dealt with 24 cases of minor crime, accepts
the three pieces of 4, 2009 people, 2010 accepted 8 pieces of 9, 2011 to accept the 13 pieces of 20
people, our district juvenile crime has soared in the past two years, and presented


以下特点：
The following features:
（一）从犯罪嫌疑人的基本情况分析
(a) from the basic situation analysis of the criminal suspect
1.外地未成年人居多 ，本地未成年人有上升趋势。据统计，2009、2010年涉案的13人
中，仅有2人为本地人，其余 11人均为来区打工的外来流动人员，而2011年涉案的20人
中
1. Minors are from local minors has a rising trend. According to statistics, in 2009 and 2010 in the
case of 13 people, the only 2 people, locals 11 per person for the rest to work area of migrant
workers, 20 people involved in 2011


，有9人为本地人，占比达到45%，11名外来未成年人中有8人为在区内生活多年的外来
务 工人员子弟。
, there are 9 people native, accounted for 45%, 11 foreign among minors eight people in the living
years of migrant workers' children in the region.
2.有不良行为或不良记录的未成年人占据一定比例。大多数未 成年人案发前都喜欢上
网、吸烟，有的甚至有酗酒、赌博等不良嗜好。涉案的33人中，还有5人有犯罪 前科或劣
迹
2. There are bad behavior or bad record of minors to occupy a certain proportion. Most of minors
crime before like Internet, smoking, some even have alcohol abuse, gambling and other bad habits.
33 people involved, there are 5 person has a criminal record or record


。
.
（二）从犯罪类型分析
(2) from the type of crime analysis
1.犯罪类型多元化。涉 案的33人全部为故意犯罪，分别为强奸7人、抢劫7人、盗窃5
人、聚众斗殴4人、抢夺3人、故意伤 害2人、敲诈勒索2人、寻衅滋事1人、诈骗1人、
运输毒
1. The crime type diversity. All 33 people involved for the intentional crime, respectively, 7 and 7
robbery, rape, theft, affrays 4 people 5 people, 3 people, 2 people deliberately harm, extortion and
stir-up-trouble 1 2 1, fraud, transportation


品1人。
Article 1.
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2.侵财类犯罪居高不下。盗窃等侵财犯罪占比达到54 .5%。须引起重视的是，部分未成
年人在初次作案得手后，因存在侥幸心理，又连续多次犯罪。
2. High class crime against property. Crimes against property such as theft crime accounted for
54.5%. Should be caused take seriously, some minors in the first job after, because there is fluky
psychology, also for several crimes.
3.暴力犯罪倾向越来越严重。抢劫等暴力犯罪占比达到72.7%。除了传统的抢劫、抢夺
等暴力侵财案件多发外，强奸、故意伤害等暴力侵犯人身权利的犯罪也占较大比例，其中
3. Violent crime tend to be more and more serious. Violent crimes such as robbery accounted for
72.7%. Crimes against property in addition to the traditional robbery, robbery and other violent
case happens, rape, intentional injury and violence against the personal rights of crime also
represents a significant proportion, one of them


强奸、抢劫犯罪更是跃居所有犯罪类型的首位，占比均为21.2%。
Rape, robbery crime is the first area for all types of crime, accounted for 21.2%.
（三）从作案方式分析
(3) from the modus operandi for analysis
1.共同实施犯罪的居多，单独犯罪的少。近三年来的未成年人案件基本都是二人以上的
共同犯罪，其中 三人以上共同犯罪占比达到57.6%。共同作案的人员一般具有邻居、同学
1. In the majority, of committing crimes jointly crime less alone. Nearly three years of minors
basic are two or more joint crime cases, including three or more persons jointly crime accounted
for 57.6%. Typically with neighbors, classmates together to commit crime


、朋友、亲戚、老乡 等关系，有的是成年人带着未成年人共同犯罪，有的是多名未成年人纠
集在一起共同作案。
Relations, friends, relatives and hometown, have a plenty of adults with minors crime together,
have a plenty of more minor tied together to commit crime.
2.突发性犯罪居高不下，预谋犯罪逐 渐增多。未成年人处在青春期，情绪控制能力相对
较弱，在某种偶然事件的诱发或特定情境的刺激下，往 往会实施犯罪行为。还有部分未
2. Sudden high crime, attempted crime is increasing gradually. Minors in adolescence, emotional
control ability is relatively weak, in some accidental events induced by or under the stimulation of
specific situation, commits a crime tend to be. Some did not


成年人犯罪案件呈现出较强的预谋性和计划性，产生了严重的社会危害。
Adult crime cases present a strong premeditation and planning, the serious social harm.


二、未成年人犯罪之原因分析
Second, the cause analysis of minor crime


（一）未成年人自身的原因
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(a) minors own reasons
文化程度偏低，辨别是非能力差，法制观念淡薄是未成年人走上犯罪道路的内因 。涉案
的绝大多数未成年人都只有小学或初中辍学文化程度，其过早走上社会后又不愿找一份力
Cultural level is low, right from wrong ability is poor, weak legal awareness is the cause of young
people to commit crime road. Involved in most of the minors are finished only primary or junior
high school culture, its early to later don't want to get a step into the society


所能及的工作，贪图享受，把上网、玩游戏作为生活的主要内容，把冒险作案当英雄，把哥
们义气当友情，把结帮成伙当靠山，一经不良分子的怂恿、拉拢或引诱，难免盲目跟从，
That can work and covet enjoyment, he had access to the Internet, play games as the main content
of life, the adventure commit crime when the hero, the elder brothers helpful when friendship, the
hunt ChengHuo when backer, once urged, woo or undesirable to seduce, hard to avoid blindly
follow,


做出违法犯罪的行为。
To make illegal and criminal behavior.
（二）家庭原因
(2) family reasons
大多数涉案未成年人的家庭环境和家庭教育均存在误区。有些单亲离异家庭成员间情感
交流 失衡，未成年人很容易形成孤僻、冷漠、自卑等不良性格和反叛心理。有的父母自身
Most of the minors involved in the family environment and family education are wrong. Some
single-parent divorced emotional communication imbalance between family members, minors can
easily form withdrawn, indifference, inferiority bad personality and rebellious psychology, etc.
Some of the parents themselves


素质差、言语不良、行为不端，孩子耳濡目染、潜移默化地受其影响。有些家长只顾忙于生
计疏于对孩 子的管理和教育，尤其是一些外来务工人员日常忙于应付繁重的工作，根本无
Poor quality, poor speech, misconduct, children are exposed and subtly influenced by it. Some
parents are just too busy living lax management and education for children, especially some
migrant workers daily busy with heavy work, no


暇顾及子女，导致未成年人放任自流、误入歧途，这也正 是我区外来务工人员子弟犯罪多发
的主要原因之一。
Laissez faire free time take care of their children, leading to minors, misguided, this is our one of
the main reasons for migrant workers' children crime happens.
（三）学校方面的原因
(3) reasons for school
学校松懈的管理、薄弱的法制教育是造成未成年人犯罪的另一重要因素。目前区内 学校
开展普法活动主要依靠的力量就是在政法系统工作的法制副校长和辅导员，但由于这些兼
School lax management, weak legal system education is another important factor causing minor
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crime. Area schools to carry out the franco-prussian activities currently rely mainly on the strength
is to work in the system of politics and law legal system, vice President and counselors, but
because these and


职的法制副校长和辅导员自身工作忙碌，接触学生的机会较少，再加 上对教育工作不是很熟
悉，所以开展法制教育只能起到临时和补充的作用。个别学校疏于对学生的管理， 导致部
As the rule of law, vice President and counselors themselves busy, contact the student's
opportunity is less, coupled with the education work is not very familiar with, so to carry out the
education of legal system can only play the role of temporary and supplement. Individual schools
neglect the management of students, which leads to the department


分学习成绩较差的学生尤其是外来务工人员子弟辍学现象时有发生，再加上缺少家庭的约
束，整 日在社会上游荡，极易走上犯罪道路。
Points for students with lower grades, especially the migrant workers' children school
phenomenon occurs frequently, coupled with the lack of family constraints, wandering in society
all day long, easy to crime road.


（四）社会方面的原因
(4) social reasons
一方面，拜金主义、享乐主义等思想歪曲了未成年人的心理和思 想。特别是一些外来务
工的未成年人过早辍学后没有一技之长无法找到合适的工作，且好逸恶劳不愿从事 艰苦的
On the one hand, money worship, hedonism, etc thoughts distorted minors psychology and
thoughts. In particular, some migrant minors early after dropping out of unskilled unable to find a
suitable job, and indolence are reluctant to engage in hard


工作，容易走 上偷、抢等犯罪道路。另一方面受不良文化的影响较深。未成年人模仿能力强，
受充斥着暴力内容的音像 制品及网络游戏的影响，耳濡目染，久而久之，性格就会变得
Work, easy to steal, rob, etc. On the other hand, affected by negative cultural is deep. Minors
imitation ability is strong, the violent content of audio and video products and the influence of the
network game, narrative, over time, character will become


冲动、好斗，成为暴力犯罪的诱因。另外，处于青 春期的未成年人好奇心强，自我控制能力
差，面对色情抵挡不住诱惑，抑制不住生理和心理躁动，三、预 防未成年人犯罪的建议与
Impulsive, aggressive, be cause of violent crime. In addition, the adolescent minors' curiosity is
strong, self control ability is poor, in the face of sexual temptation, irrepressible physical and
mental restlessness, three, minor crime prevention advice and


对策
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countermeasures


未成年人的犯罪预防应该是动态且长期的，必需走社会化和专业化相结合的 道路，需要
司法、学校、家庭、社区等共同参与，密切配合。
Minors crime prevention should be dynamic and long-term, the essential way of the combination
between the socialization and specialization, to justice, school, family and community
participation, close cooperation.
（一）以打造“平安社区”为载体，扫除社会管理盲点
(a) to create
建议把对外来人员的管理纳入社区居委会的工作范围，建 立“属地化、小区化”的新型
管理模式，配合公安机关共同做好外来人员的信息收集、房屋租赁登记、提 供入学就业指
Recommend that the management of foreign workers into the community residents' committees of
the scope of work, to establish communityof new management model, cooperate
with public security organs common migrants house lease registration, information collection,
provide employment refers to the entrance


导等工作，增强对他们在生活、就业尤其是对子女教育等方面的帮扶力度，确保 外来务工人
员子弟有一技之长，不成为社会的负担和累赘。针对部分家庭教育存在误区的情况，社区
Guide, strengthen to them in the aspects such as education, employment, especially for children
living support dynamics, ensure the skilled for migrant workers' children, do not become the
burden of society and burdensome. In view of the part of the family education existence erroneous
zone, community


居委会可 以通过建立家长学校、开展讲座、发放宣传单等方式，引导家长尤其是外来务工人
员树立正确的家庭教育 观念，掌握科学的家庭教育方法，提高教育孩子的能力。此外，社
Residents' committees may by establishing parents' school, conducting lectures, distributing
leaflets, guide the parents especially the migrant workers to establish a correct concept of family
education, to master scientific family education methods, improve the ability of children education.
In addition, the club

< br>区居委会还要积极配合司法机关做好问题未成年人的帮教工作，对有明显犯罪倾向或轻微违
法犯罪 行为的未成年人应重点关注，正确对待，从学习、工作、生活等各个方面关心和帮
Area residents' committees will actively cooperate with the judicial organs to do a good job of
problem juvenile delinquents juvenile, with obvious criminal tendencies or minor illegal crime
minors should focus on, treat correctly, from many aspects, such as study, work, life care and help


助他们，预防再犯罪和脱保现象的发生。
To help them, prevent the happening of the crime and TuoBao again.
（二）以创建“法制校园”为载体，完善学校教育
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(2) to create a
一是要形成长效的法律教育机制，不断增强学生的法律意识，健全良好的人格。建议区
内的 教育主管部门为每所学校尤其是职高中专院校至少配备一名法律教师，专门负责学校
Is a long-term mechanism of legal education, strengthening students' legal consciousness, improve
the good personality. Recommendations for each school, especially the high vocational education
departments in the area of a secondary technical school at least equipped with a law teacher,
responsible for the school


的法制教育以及日常的一些涉法问题，并把预防和减少学生犯罪纳入学校的综合 考评和学校
领导的任期目标中，对发生重大学生犯罪案件的学校严格实行一票否决。二是要建立学籍
Legal education and daily law-related issues, and make students to prevent and reduce crime into
comprehensive evaluation and school leaders of the school term target, the school in a major
students crime strictly implement one ticket veto. Second is to build a new student


跟踪机制，对长期不来上学的学生尤其是外来务工人员子弟要及时了解情况，保证九年义务
教育 制度的实施。三是要落实好有劣迹学生的帮教措施，对有问题的学生不能简单地采取
Tracking mechanism, the students didn't come to school for a long time, especially the migrant
workers' children to know the situation in time, ensure the implementation of the nine-year
compulsory education system. Three is to carry out measures of good and badness student's
education, students can't simply take of there is a problem


劝退、开除的办法，未完成九年义务教育就将其推向社会，任其随波逐流以至走向犯罪。
Stop, kicked out of the way, did not complete the nine years of compulsory education will it to the
society, let it go with the flow and to crime.
（三）以共创“和谐社会”为载体，净化社会文化环境
(3) to create a
各职能部门要齐抓共管，为未成年人成长提供一个健康的外部环境。文化部门 要充分运
用舆论的正确导向，加强宣传报道，营造健康向上的人文环境。公安机关应加强对学校周
Various functional departments should, for minors growth provide a healthy external environment.
Culture departments should fully use the correct guidance of public opinion, strengthen publicity,
to create a healthy cultural environment. The public security organ shall strengthen the school
week

< br>边环境的治安管理，及时制止、处理学校周围发生的违法犯罪行为，要大力整治区内的黑网
吧，规 范对网吧、电脑屋的治安管理，使未成年人有一个健康的网络环境。教育主管部门
Environment of public security management, in time to stop, the processing place around the
school of criminal behavior, to make significant improvement area of black Internet bar,
specification of Internet cafes, DianNaoWu public security management, make the minors has a
healthy network environment. The department in charge of education

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及学校方面也应定期组织有关 人员，在学校周围检查电子游戏室、书籍和影碟出租室等相关
场所的情况，一旦发现有违反法律规定的行 为，应配合公安、文化部门进行查处。此外，
And school also should organize relevant personnel on a regular basis, check the electronic game
room, around the school books and DVD rental room place, once found a violation of the law,
should cooperate with the public security, culture department for investigation. In addition,


还可以加大资 金投入，建设一些青少年活动中心等适合未成年人活动的场所，引导未成年人
参与到具有丰富科技知识、 高级趣味、健身内容等娱乐活动上来，促使养成健康、积极向
Can also increase the capital investment, construction suitable for minors activities such as some
young people activity center, lead minors to participate in with rich knowledge of science and
technology, senior entertainment activities such as fun, fitness content, to develop the healthy,
active to


上的生活方式。
On the way of life.
（四）以深化“平安创建”为载体，加强司法预防
(4) in order to deepen the
一方面，政法部门要充分发挥预防未成年人犯 罪的主力军作用，结合“六五”普法工作，
大力开展各种法制宣传教育，使未成年人逐步养成知法、懂法 、守法的良好习惯。另一
Department of political science and law, on the one hand, to give full play to the prevention of
minors crime mainstay function, combined with the ofthe franco-prussian work,
vigorously carry out various kinds of legal publicity and education, make minors to gradually form
the good habit of knowing the law, know the law. The other one


方面。要正确理解、全面 贯彻“宽严相济”的刑事政策，对一些犯罪后果严重、手段恶劣、
主观恶性较深的未成年犯罪分子必须严 厉打击，绝不能一味以未成年犯罪应当从轻或减轻
Aspects. To correctly understand and fully implement the
policy, the serious consequences of some crime, means bad, subjective vicious deeper underage
criminals must be severely crack down on, must not blindly to the minor crime shall be given a
lighter or mitigated punishment


处罚而处罚过轻，避免出现不 良的示范效应。此外，还要积极做好延伸帮教工作，与区妇联、
团委、民政部门及热心社会公益的企业搞 好工作对接，通过争取财政拨款、企业捐助等
Punishment and punishment too light, avoid the bad demonstration effect. Also, to do a good job
of extension education actively, and district women's federation, youth league, the civil affairs
department and social docking do well the work of enterprise, through funding and company
donations, etc


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渠道筹措经费建立未成年人帮教基地，设立未成年人救助基金 ，帮助解决生活、就学、就业
困难，最大限度地促进未成年罪犯改造和预防未成年人违法犯罪。
Channels to raise money to establish minors education bases, set up a minor bailout fund, to help
solve life, study, employment difficulty, maximizing juvenile criminal reform and minor illegal
crime prevention.
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