了不起的盖茨比英语毕业论文解读

四川师范大学文理学院本科毕业论文


An Analysis of Disillusionment of American
Dream in The Great Gatsby

论《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭




学生姓名 张 燕

院系名称 外国语学院
专业名称 英语（师范）
班 级 2008级 1班
学 号 2
指导教师 陈雪瑶（讲师）
答辩时间 2012-4-15

论《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭


学生：张燕 指导教师：陈雪瑶 讲师

摘要：美国著名作家菲兹杰拉德被称为“美国梦的代言人”，在他的小说中，我们难以区
分是他的生活 如一部小说还是他的小说就是他的一段真实的生活的写照，因为他已完全
融入其中。尤其是《了不起的盖 茨比》，文中主人公盖茨比是为追求美国梦而最终牺牲
了自己的典例，他渴望以自己的信念和勇气来获取 物质以及爱情上的收获，然而由于他
的梦想是一种对虚幻的渴望而不是建立在现实的基础之上的追求，最 终导致了他美国梦
的破灭，文中通过时间发展及不同人物个性特征向我们阐述了这一梦想破灭的各种原< br>因。

关键词：美国梦；破灭；原因

An Analysis of Disillusionment of American Dream in
The Great Gatsby

Abstract：F. Scott Fitzgerald, is widely considered as the literary spokesman of the
“American Dream”. His novels include many aspects of his unique experiences in that period
of time. It is not easy to distinguish his novel and the real life, which has already involved him
physically and mentally in it. Especially in his masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, which was
published in 1925. In the novel, the hero revealed a typical example of those who were eager
to pursue the American Dream but finally ended by sacrificing themselves. Though he
dreamed of achieving material wealth and love through his courage and hard working, all the
factors from outside world and the indelibility of his dream led to the disillusionment of it.
Through the development of the story and characteristics of heroes, Fitzgerald elaborated a
vivid picture of the disillusionment of American Dream.

Key words: American dream; disillusionment; reason

Contents

Introduction ................................. .................................................. ...................... 1
Part I The Introduction of rald ............................. ...................... 2
1.1The Life Expericence of Fitzgerald ........................ .................................... 2
1.1.1 Fitzgerald’s Background .......................... ........................................ 2
1.1.2 Fitzgerald’s Marriage .................. .................................................. ... 2
1.2 Literary Works of Fitzgerald ....... .................................................. ............ 3
PartII American Dream and its D isillusionment.................................... .......... 4
2.1 The American Dream .......... .................................................. .................... 4
2.1.1 The Definition of American Dream ................................................. 4
2.1.2 The Essence of American Dream ........ ............................................. 5
2.2 Disillusionment of American Dream Reflected in the Novel ................... 5
2.2.1 Gatsby’s American Dream ................ ............................................... 5
2.2.2 Nick Carraway’s American Dream .................................................. 7
2.2.3 Tom, Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker’s American Dream .......... 7
Part III The Cause of Disillusionment of American Dream ............................ 9
3.1 The Jazz Age and the Roaring Twenties ..................... .............................. 9
3.2 Social Environment and People factors ................... ................................. 9
Conclusion .................................................. .................................................. ...... 11
Bibliography ....................... .................................................. .............................. 12

Introduction

F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in a not rich family, so he wanted to earn lots of money to
become rich to enjoy high quality life. The tempo of his life slackened as his life was
shredded by Zelda’s insanity and his own self-destructive alcoholism. Through years of
emotional and physical collapse he struggled to repair his life by writing for
Hollywood-producing at the same time a series of stories that exposed his humiliation there.
He became one of the greatest writers in American literature and wrote many works in his
lifetime to manifest the life reality of that time. He was a spokesman for the so-called Jazz
Age.
The Great Gatsby is regarded as his masterpiece. First published on April 10, 1925, the
story is set in Long Island's North Shore and New York City during the summer of 1922. The
novel tells of Gatsby, an idealist, who tries to recapture his lost love but in vain and is finally
destroyed by the influence of the wealthy people around him .The story deals with the failure
of the American dream as personified in the rich and beautiful woman Daisy who belongs to
corrupt society. The Great Gatsby evokes a haunting mood of a glamorous, wild time that
seemingly will never come again. It is about the loss of an ideal and the disillusionment that
comes with the failure is embodied fully in the personal tragedy of a young man (Gatsby)
whose “incorruptible dream” is “smashed into pieces by the relentless reality” (Fitzgerald, 8).
Gatsby’s failure to realize his ideal symbolizes the disillusionment of his American
Dream. Also, Gatsby’s intensity of dream represents a state of commitment which takes him
in search of his personal grail; Gatsby’s failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the
American Dream.




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Part I The Introduction of rald

1.1The Life Expericence of Fitzgerald

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is one of the most outstanding American authors in the
twenties, and The Great Gatsby is his best work.

1.1.1 Fitzgerald’s Background

F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in 1896 into a St, Paul middle-class family. After an
unsuccessful undergraduate career at Princeton, he entered the Army as a second Lieutenant
and while in training camp he met the beautiful girl who was to become his wife. He married
Zelda Sayre as his literary career got off to a meteoric start in 1920. Through the 1920s when
money seemed plentiful and postwar morality encouraged a reckless pursuit of happiness, he
and Zelda traveled in Europe and New York, acting out the glamorous life-style he wrote of
in his most popular magazine fiction. He was a spokesman for the so-called Jazz Age, setting
a personal as well as literary example for a generation whose first commandment was: Do
what you will. The speed of his life slackened as his life was shredded by Zelda’s insanity
and his own self- destructive alcoholism. He fell from favor as a writer when the indulgent
decade of his triumph went down under the impact of a worldwide Depression in the 1930s.

1.1.2 Fitzgerald’s Marriage

It is absolutely the tough teenage years and marriage life that made Fitzgerald experience
the difficulties and frustrations of the life. So we should discover some reflections of the story
from the author’s life.
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The relationship between Fitzgerald and Zelda went so dramatic that even himself once
said, “ Sometimes I don’t know whether Zelda and I are real or whether we are characters in
one of my novels”（ Fitzgerald, 1）.
Zelda was the daughter of a judge in Montgomery, Alabama, a beautiful society girl.
Though she told Fitzgerald that she loved him so much, but her too expensive life left him
unable to support her. They have experienced breaking up but finally got engaged again with
the support of Fitzgerald’s success. It was also at this time that Fitzgerald wrote many of his
short stories which helped to pay for their extravagant lifestyle. But when the misfortune
came, in 1930s when Zelda became increasingly troubled by mental illness. Their life became
harder. It was his marriage and his onerous life of making money to support her that affected
his writing tremendously. Fitzgerald was tormented virtually all his life by the fact that he
could not concentrate on his working and the improvement of his art in general.

1.2 Literary Works of Fitzgerald

The Roaring Twenties was a period of literary creativity, and works of several notable
authors appeared during the period. Such as Earnest Hemingway, Erich Maria Remarque and
F. Scott Fitzgerald, Etc. Literary works in that period of time mirror people’s experiences and
attitude of the1920s. We could see it from the following examples: All Quiet on the Western
Front by Erich Maria Remarque recounts the horrors of WWI and also the deep detachment
from German civilian life felt by many men returning from the front.
This Side of Paradise by F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays the lives and morality of
post-World War I youth. The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway is about a group of
expatriate Americans in Europe during the 1920s. All in all writers and their works in those
years were haunted with complicated sensations which have shown us all the difficulties and
frustrations in their life.






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PartⅡ American Dream and its Disillusionment

2.1 The American Dream

Before we take a look to the causes and effects of the disillusionment of American dream,
let’s first try to understand the definition and content of American Dream.

2.1.1 The Definition of American Dream

In different social and historical backgrounds, the concepts of American Dream are
different, and for different people, they have different understandings of American Dream and
the ways to pursue their American Dream are also various. The definition of the so-called
American Dream can be distinguished in broad sense and narrow sense. For the former,
American Dream is the equality, freedom and democracy in the land of the United States.
The later one means, everyone in America ,if only work hard and never give up, he could
achieve his dream and could live a better life in this piece of land, that is to say, people
should make their efforts ,such as diligence, courage and determination to realize dreams
rather than depend on the help from others.
This term that American Dream was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The
Epic of America which was written in 1931. He states, “The American Dream is that dream of
a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for
each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes
to interpret adequately, and too many of us have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a
dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man
and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable,
and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of
birth or position.” This ideology is based itself on the principle that one should be responsible
for oneself, and taking every opportunity to gain success by courage and hard working.

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2.1.2 The Essence of American Dream

As for the American Dream, it is a belief that a better life could be achieved through hard
work and strives. There are several elements lie in the American Dream: the US has provided
equal opportunities for everyone; the success based on own talents and efforts, not the
background and extraction; everyone was born equally; and everyone has his own right to
achieve success.
“For any American no matter what his origin was, could succeed in changing their social
positions and making their dreams come true through their own efforts, and getting new, free
and better life.”（Zhao Hongwei, 2）This is the basic often of
that the American way of life offers the equal possibility of unlimited economic, social, etc.
One can always work their way up from the rags to riches just like Abraham Lincoln, 16th
President of the US.
In brief, the main content of American culture was emphasis on individuals' value,
optimistic, pursuing of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deportation and competition
and the need of realism and practicality. There was a common truth that everyone who lived
in that period actually had an American Dream and eager to achieve it and everyone has an
American Dream which is to have a good opportunity to realize personal dream.

2.2 Disillusionment of American Dream Reflected in the Novel

In this novel, we could discover so many characteristics of the disillusionment of
American dream. All of them have been reflected from the words and actions of heroes and
heroines


2.2.1 Gatsby’s American Dream
As for the great Gatsby, his American Dream is to have much money and then win Daisy,
who is in love with Gatsby five years ago but now is the wife of rich Tom. Gatsby thinks that
only if he has much money, at least has more money than Tom, should he win Daisy’s love.
So it is reasonable for him to pursue material wealth in order to win the love of Daisy.
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Gatsby’s attempt to achieve his American Dream which is to recapture the love of Daisy
Buchanan whom he had known five years before the action of the novel begins, when he is a
young and poor officer in the United States army and Daisy is a young unmarried woman,
who used to live a luxuriant life with much money and great fame. And the only way should
Gatsby make his American Dream come true is to get a lot of money which is much difficulty
for a normal soldier to earn. He does all the things Daisy asks him to do. And nobody can do
this out of reason. In order to win Daisy, Gatsby dare to have illegal trade of alcohol to make
a fortune, because he clearly knows that he must offer Daisy a better life which is luxuriant if
he wants to win Daisy. Through his great effort, he gets much money authentically although it
is from illegal business.
Gatsby's success in fortune is great, his strong will of love and achieving life goal is also
great; he becomes the big name of the society, and becomes the upper class's deputy.
Everyone is glad to come to his party, everyone admires his property, and everyone wants to
be his friend, even Daisy has taken much notice of him and falls in love with him again.
Gatsby is also great when he loses his life in order to protect Daisy from the accident.
However, “the falling of his American Dream, that Daisy goes together with her husband
to another city happily while Gatsby is murdered mistakenly, improves that all his great
characterize means nothing. In other words, Gatsby’s final American Dream, which is to win
Daisy, is totally a failure.”（杨慧群, 3）
Furthermore, when Gatsby died, no one turns up for his funeral, though hundreds of
people have eaten at his place. It is a sad comment on human nature that when a man dies, he
is alone, absolutely alone. The only things that accompany him are his good deeds especially
those done spontaneously and without expectations. And the saddest thing is that Daisy,
doesn’t feel any regret or sorrow for Gatsby’s death, has gone traveling with his husband Tom.
There is nothing left for Gatsby. All the things of his life have gone with his death, including
his wealth and love. From the above analysis of Gatsby’s American Dream, there is a
conclusion that whatever it is broken or not, Gatsby’s American Dream is to get as much
money as he can even through every illegal means, and then he can have the economical
strength to achieve his final goal——win the love of Daisy.
Gatsby spends his whole life in attaining money and status so that he can reach a certain
position in life and then he can win Daisy back. That is what motivates him to move to West
Egg, and makes money by any means necessary, holds extravagant parties in every weekend,
does everything what Daisy requires him to do and so on. There is a position in life that he
yearns for and will do all that it takes to achieve it, and the final goal for his American Dream
is to get Daisy’s love. It is doomed to be a failure if Gatsby wants to be in love with Daisy,
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and live with her forever.

2.2.2 Nick Carraway’s American Dream

In this novel, we see disorientation in achieving the American Dream in Gatsby, while in
Nick Carraway, the narrator, we see a far more rational mind in dealing with this. Nick
Carraway was made in the book the representative of the traditional moral codes of America.
He comes from the Midwest and wants to make money in the Long Island. For he is also
attracted by the beauty, the wealth, and the sophistication of “the wasteland”, so at any rate,
he is another dream seeker. However as witnessing Gatsby’s tragedy, he realizes what has
gone wrong with American dream from the beginning to the end. Thanks to the traditional
moral conducts that rooted in him and his following his father’s advice on toleration, he never
get lost. Finally, he got the essential emptiness of American dream and achieves the
penetration of Tom and Daisy’s corruption, grossness, and cowardice. Nick does not make
quick judgment, and thus is able to gain access to “many curious natures” The world of
Gatsby is inhabited in main by three groups of people and Nick has contact with them all. So
the function of Nick in this book can never be ignored. He is there to make the readers
understand the roles in this book from an objective point of view and then get better
comprehension of Gatsby’s idealized love and the reality of the society. Both Nick and
Gatsby in this novel emerge as moral symbol: Gatsby as the embodiment of spiritual
desolation or waste, Nick as a hope for moral and spiritual growth.

2.2.3 Tom, Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker’s American Dream

In this book, Tom, Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker represent the corruption of
American dream. Comparing with Gatsby, they were born with wealth and status but devoid
of purpose. Daisy’s lament is especially indicative of this: “What will we do with ourselves
this afternoon?” cried Daisy, “and the day after that, and the next thirty years?”(Fitzgerald, 1).

Daisy Buchanan, is the dream and cause of his wasted dream. As a representative of
those women who are not expected to be well educated, to work, and have developed a kind
of parasitic dependency. Daisy is, however, physically attractive, romantic, and sentimental,
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but emotionally frigid, having a destructive influence on the man with whom she is associated.
All her charm is just a gesture of life rather than a quality of living.
Tom Buchanan, the husband of Daisy, is ruler and representative of the moral wasteland
that has replaced American idealism. All his bulky gestures tell us that in the moral wasteland,
idealism is a source of weakness rather than strength; he devoted to nothing but the impulse of
his own flesh and the demands of his own ego, completely regardless of any concept of either
a moral code or a personal loyalty.
For Tom and Daisy Buchanan, it is nothing worries about any potential crisis around
them, for they have no moral responsibility at all. Whenever what happens, they will shield
themselves with their upper class social status and retreat into their money or leave other
people to clean up the mess they’ve made.
Jordan Baker, at any rate, is no less a creature of the moral wasteland than is Daisy or
Tom Buchanan. As a “lovely” girl who dresses in “white” and always seem to be “cool” and
apathetic, Jordan Baker is an opportunist in her own way. Being a 23-year-old women’s golf
champion becomes involved with Nick during the course of the summer of 1922. She looks
like “incurably dishonest” however, though Nick finds Jordan haughty and careless, he finds
himself being attracted by her anyway. On the other sides, Jordan once “loved” Nick, for she
had sensed the honesty and moral firmness in Nick’s heart, and realized that only when
staying with a man like Nike can she be free from the mess and continues to be on her own
way. But in the end Jordan gets engaged to another man after not seeing Nick for a short time,
leaving Nick angry and letting him realizes the same irresponsible exploitation in Jordan as
that he sees in Tom and Daisy. Jordan’s action seems to intentionally echo Daisy’s leaving
Gatsby to marry Tom five years ago.










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Part III The Cause of Disillusionment of American Dream

3.1 The Jazz Age and the Roaring Twenties

The spirit of the Roaring Twenties was marked by a general feeling of discontinuity
associated with modernity, a break with traditions. Everything seemed to be feasible through
modern technology. New technologies, especially automobiles, moving pictures and radio
proliferated modernity to a large part of the population. Formal decorative frills were shed in
favor of practicality in both daily life and architecture. At the same time, jazz and dancing
rose in popularity, in opposition to the mood of the specter of World War I. As such, the
period is also often referred to as the Jazz Age. The Jazz Age, was, in the words of Malcolm
Cowley, “not so much a historical period as a legend of glitter, of recklessness, and of talent in
such profusion that it was sown broadcast like wild oats.” It was a legend of “American
adolescence before pain set in.” Fitzgerald became “the angel of the twenties” and his
writings those of a man inside that legendary period.

3.2 Social Environment and People factors

Another reason for the disillusionment of Gatsby’s American dream may be people
factors. Gatsby’s love for Daisy was to the point of obsession, it was really touching, but he
chose the wrong object to pay for their own love, Daisy was a secular, hedonistic money
worshiper. She could never work hand in hand with Gatsby. And she would not pay a high
price for the ideal, and make enormous sacrifices. Her life was of no true love, but cannot be
without money. Gatsby’s tragedy is that he has not been able to understand Daisy’s motives,
can not understand that she belonged to the complexity of the world. He only saw the world’s
surface, bright and elegant, but did not see it hidden in the cold and heartless. In order to
protect their rights and status, people in this world has taken hypocritical means.
In short, he loved the wrong person and did not wake up until he died. What always
existed between him and Daisy was an unbridgeable gap between social status. He’s life was
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such a tragedy which rooted in his blind pursuit of life and love and fantasy, as well as the
lack of knowledge about the upper middle class society, where all the lofty spirit are gone. He
started from scratch, but society was swallowed by the dark coldness. He would not take in
any case struggle to Daisy and will not become part of high society forever.
Gatsby’s failure, to some extent, has indicated the failure of the American Dream, his
struggle is the embodiment of American spirit, the failure of him is the declaration of
recession in the American spirit. His tragedy arose because he built his ideal on the illusion
than reality, his desires to succeed, but when he realized the dream of money he fell into the
spirit of the post-crisis. He preferred to escape in stead of facing it bravely. The competition
between Tom and Gatsby was not only a battle between rivals in love, but also a battle
between representatives of the two different social classes. So his failure is inevitable. The
former lovers, Nick and Jordan, were the spectators of the whole story, they have witnessed
this dirty and evil history. The height of material prosperity has brought desolation and
twisted soul, which hidden under the appearance of carnival fun. The whole community is
suffering from this mental illness --- a no way out of the loss and suffering. Therefore, the
disillusionment of American dream has become a necessity.


















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Conclusion

After collecting information and completing this essay, we can understand better the
appearance, development and disillusionment of Gatsby’s love and dream. Now we can not
only feel empathetic about Gatsby’s intricate and pessimistic life, but also see the inhumanity
and cruelty of society.
Through this novel, Fitzgerald shows the collapse and disillusionment of people’s dream,
no matter what kind of concepts it has, money, social status or simply of happiness. The most
catastrophic collapse, however, is the American dream itself. Here, heroes and heroines in this
book including Gatsby, Daisy, Tom, Nick and Jordan together serve as metaphors by
Fitzgerald to reveal the paradox of American dream: when materialism is elevated into having
spiritual values, it can only confuse its disciples. He also pointed that, for the reality of life
can not compare to idealistic dream, as well as the ideals are usually far too perfect to be
paralleled in reality. Then the collapse of American dream is unavoidable.
However, this novel is not only a criticism of the corruption of money on American
dream. It is also an appealing for abandoning materialism and returning to traditional moral
values. What’s more, Nick Carraway, the narrator, provides a successful foil for the
degradation of the American dream. He is the voice of morality and humanity in this novel
and the only one who register the human loss and measures the disparity between Gatsby’s
unrealistic dream and the reality upon which it was based.
All in all, this novel, The Great Gatsby, can be absolutely termed as the masterpiece of
Fitzgerald. From it we can get some hidden information about the author himself. Fitzgerald
said that sometimes he doesn’t know whether he and his wife are real or they are just
characters in his novel. This novel, actually, ensured Fitzgerald’s position as a serious and
talented writer. In more recent years Tony Tanner claimed it to be “the most perfectly crafted
work of fiction to have come out of American.”





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