红筹股-炭疽病是什么病
反意疑问句
一，定义：当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以
在陈述句后加一
个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。
例如: She
is
a
teacher,
isn’t she
We
are
students,
aren’t we
二，反义疑问句的结构
结构一：前肯，+后否
eg. He
is
a
student,
isn’t he
结构二：前否，+后肯
eg.
He
isn’t
a student,
is he
三，反义疑问句的做题步骤
{同学们看到反义疑问句时，一定要想到以下这两个步骤}
1， 判定。判断用肯定还是否定。（前面的句子中有否定词not, never, few,
little, nothing的时候，后面用肯定：反之，则用否定）
eg. He
has never been to paris,
has he
She knows little English,
does she
2，
找动词。(用于提问的动词有三种：be, do 和have。其中be 动词包括 am,
is,
are, was, were. Do包括do, does, did. Have包括have
和has，
had.)
eg. She
is
a doctor,
isn’t she
(这里是be动词)
She
likes
music,
doesn’t she
(这里是一般性的行为动词，用do的各种
形式来提问)
Mr. Smith
has
bought many books,
hasn’t he
(这里是have表示完成时态)
注意：当看到have的时候。同学们一定要注意，当have表示
“有”
和
“吃”
的
意思时，我们不用have，而是用do的各种形
式。
例如：She
has
a book,
doesn’t
she
(有一本书)
You
have
a good
friend,
don’t you
(有一个好朋友)
He
usually
has
dinner with his parents,
doesn’t he
也就是说：
当看到have+动词过去分词，表示完成时态的时候，用have或has 的形式提问。
当have表示
“有”
和
“吃”
的意思时，我们用do的各种形式提问。
名词
一， 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
1，只能修饰可数名词的词语有:
many, many a(n), a good great many, a
(great
large) number of, scores of, dozens of
2，只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: much, a great deal of, a
great large
amount of
3，既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of,
plenty
of
二，可数名词复数
规则变化
：
1..一般情况加 s ： book—books，house---
houses，girl---girls
2.以 s, sh, ch, x结尾的加es ：
class--- classes, box----boxes,
match----matches dish—dishes
3.辅音字母+
y结尾的变y为i加es： city---cities, country----countries
,
party----parties
4.以 o 结尾的+es的情况：
heroes, tomatoes, potatoes (有生命的)
以 o 结尾+s的情况
： radios, zoos, pianos , photos（无生命的）
5.以fe 结尾的 变fe为v +es ： wife—wives
不规则变化：
man—men, woman—women,
tooth—teeth,
foot—feet, child—children,
mouse—mice
单复数同行的有: sheep, deer, Chinese,
Japanese
合成词的复数形式, 两个词都变化.
例如： man
teacher—men teachers woman doctor—women
doctors
代词
主格
I 我
You你
He 他
She她
It 它
We我们
You你们
They他们
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
形容词性物主
代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性物主
代词
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
用括号中人称代词的适当形式填空：
sister is helping _______（we）.
2. John
and I are in the same （we）go to school together.
likes_____(she)。 4. Danny gives the book to
______ (you).
_____(I) have many friends.
Some of_____（they）are good at English.
6. Jim
is English. ________ (I) like playing with
_______(he).
love ________（they）very much.
Li often looks after________（she）.
are waiting for__________（they）.
you like Li Ming No, ______(I) don’t like
_____(he).
介词
1,具体在哪一天用介词on
例如：在星期一
on Mondany, 在九月十号 on September 10
th
2, 在哪一年用介词in
例如：在2012年, in 2012; 在1999年,
in 1999
3, 穿什么颜色的衣服用介词in
例如：She is
dressed
in
green today.
4,
河上面有一座桥用介词over
There is a bridge
over
the river.（over 在什么上面，两个物体不接触）
5，表示一段时间，介词for+时间
例如：I have worked here
for
three years.
6,about:关于 ；在…前面: in
front of
被动语态
一，英语中语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。（主动语态表示主语是动作的执
行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象)
例如： She wrote
the book. 她写了这本书(主动句)
The book was
written by her.这本书是被她写的（被动句）
二，
被动语态的结构：be+动词的过去分词
二， 被动语态的标志性单词：by 和with
by引出动作的执行者；with引出行动使用的工具
例如：He was killed
by a robber.他被一个强盗杀死了。（这里by引出动作
的执行者：robber）
He was killed with a
knife.他被人用刀杀死的。（这里with引出行
动使用的工具：knife）
1
1. English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B.
are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
2. This
kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made
C. is making D. is made
3 Our room must ___
clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept
D. to keep5
4 Doctors __ _ in every part of
the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are
needed D. will need
5. New computers ___
all over the world.
A. is used B. are using
C. are used D. have used
6 A new house ___
at the corner of the road.
A. is building B.
is being built C. been built D. be building
数词
一，基数词one two three four five six seven
eight nine ten eleven twelve
序数词first second third fourth fifth sixth
seventh eighth ninth
tenth eleventh twelfth
二，序数词的运用
1. 一般要加the表示顺
序, the First
Lesson , the Third Floor
2. 有限定词时，不用the,
例如：This is
Lily’s
second pen.
It’s
our
first lesson.
Mary is
my
first teacher.
三，dozen, hundred，
thousand，million和billion
1,当他们前面有数字时，后面不加S,
例如：
三打three dozen 三百three hundred
三千three thousand
2,当他们后面有加S时, 后面通常要跟of, 例如：
hundreds of 数以百计 thousands of 数以千计
millions of 数百万 dozens of 几打
主谓一致
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为
复数时，谓语用复数。
2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
The
poet and writer has come.
3、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle,
clothes等作主语
时，谓语动词要用复数。
4、集体名词family,
class, team, group
等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；
看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
5、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
6、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor,
not only…but
also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词
按就近
一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。
7、There
be句型、以here,there开头的句子,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
8、 many a
＋单数名词 (许多……) ；作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词
还是用单数。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
考查主
谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空。做这类题时，必须找出句子
的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识
作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法
一致、意义一致和就近原则。
1）How time
flies! Ten years ________ passed.
A. have B.
has C. is D. are
2) Not only his parents but
also his brother ________to the Summer Palace.
They haven’t been back.
A. have been B.
have gone C. has been D. has gone
3）Either
Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.
A. were
D. was
4) There _____ many
new words in Lesson One. It is very easy.
A.
is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are
5) The
Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.
A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five
D. are，five
6). Not only my brother but also
I ______ good at painting. Both of us
______good painters.
A. are...are B.
am...are C. is...is D. are...is
7).------Two
months _______ quite a long time.
------Yes.
I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8）. Many a
professor _____ looking forward to visiting
Germany now. Many
scientists _____ studied
animals and plants in the last two years.
A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is;
are
9）.Two hundred and fifty pounds _____ too
unreasonable a price for a
second-hand car.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
词汇短语句型
do
I 我也是
2. There is something wrong with …
….出问题了
3. What do you think of ….. 你认为…怎么样
How do you think 你认为怎么样 How do you like
你认为怎么样
4. Help yourself 请自便
5. 打电话时 问：Who
is that speaking
答：This is
….speaking.
6. 征求意见 问：Would you mind……..
答：Of course not.
7. Would rather sb. do sth.
宁愿某人做某事
8. The answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door 门的钥
匙
9．How long 多长
how much 多少（+不可数名词） how many多少（+可数
名词）
how
often 多久一次（表示频率） how soon 多快
10. go
fishing 钓鱼 go shopping 逛街
11. turn on打开
turn off 关掉 turn down调小，调低 turn up
开
大（声音），出现
12. look for寻找 find out找出
look at 看一看
13. arrive in at 到达 arrive in+大地方
arrive at+小地方
14. be good at擅长… be bad at不擅长…
be good for 对…有益 be bad
for对…有害
15. on
duty 值日 I’m on duty today 今天我值日
16. as soon
as 一…就
17. catch up with 赶上 ，追上
18. agree
with sb 同意某人的意见
19. get on
well with 与…和睦相处
20. set up：创立，设立 put up：举起
抬起 pick up：拾起，捡起；无意间
学会（一门语言）
21. too…to
太…以至于不能 She is too young to go to school.
so…that… 如此….以至于 She is so young that she
cannot go to
school.
形容词副词的比较级和最高级
关于形容词副词，考试时就主要考比较级和最高级
形容词比较级的用法
1“as
+原级+as”
○
She is as smart as you.
2
“比较级+than”
○
Jim is taller than Tom.
3比较级+and+比较级：越来越…..
○
bigger and
bigger:越来越大 more and more difficult:越来越难
Her work is getting better and better.
她的工作干得越来越好
I become more and more forgetful as
I’m getting old.随着年龄的增长，
我变得越来越健忘了。
4the
+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子. 越……越……
○
The more you
get, the more you want. 得到的越多，想要的就越多。
The
faster the air is moving, the stronger the wind
is.空气流动地越快，
风就越大。
5形容词比较级前可用much, a lot,
far, a bit 等词修饰。
○
例如： a lot better好多了 much
taller高多了 much more comfortable 舒
服多了
也可以用数词+名词构成 例如：two years younger 少两岁
2
形容词最高级的用法
1通常由“+the+形容词最高级+介词短语”
○
例如：He is
the tallest
boy
in
our class.
He is the most interesting teacher
in our school
2有时，最高级前有the second, the
third等修饰
○
例如：Los Angeles is the second
largest city in America.
洛杉矶是美国的第二大城市。
(
) 2 Li Lei is___ student in our class.
A. tall
B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
( ) 3 The
fifth orange is____ of all. Give it to that small
child.
A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the
biggest
( )4 Who is---of you
three？
A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest
D. older
( ) 1 Tom is one of ____ boys in our
class.
A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B.
the tall
( ) 2 English is one of____ spoken in
the world.
A. the important languages B. the
most important languages
C. most important
language D. the most important language
( ) 3
Beijing is one of____ in China.
A. the largest
city B. the large cities C. the larger cities D.
the largest
cities
动词和时态
终止性动词 →
延续性动词：
borrow → keep buy get →
ha
die → be dead open → be
open close → be closed
begin start (开演)
→ be on finish end complete → be over
leave start (出发) → be away go to
school → be at school
join the army → be
in the army join the Party → be in the
Party
fall asleep get to sleep → be
asleep
receive get a letter from
I
have finished my homework. 我已经写完了我的
家庭作业
He has returned from school. 他已经从学校回来
2.用法
1.表示截止到现在已经完成的动作
eg By now, I have
collected all the data that I need.
2.表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
eg She has been
to the United States.
3.表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
eg I have learned English for 8 years.
过去完成时：
had+ 过去分词
1.发生在“过去的过去”
eg
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用
eg Peter had collected
more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was
ten.
3.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间
eg By the end of
last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty
years.
过去将来时
1.宾语从句或间接引语中
eg He
didn't expect that we would all be there.
2.表示过去习惯性的动作
eg During that period, he
would do this every day.
3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句
eg They knew that we
would never permit such a thing.
一般过去式
标志性词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, two
years ago, last month
the other day
不久前一 天 in 19999 （在过去的年月）
现在进行时
标志性词：now, look! Listen!
Look, they are
playing basketball.
Listen, she is singing.
重要的动词
Keep的用法
+形容词
+sthsb +形容词
+doing 一直做某事
... from doing ...
阻止做某事。。。
a pet 饲养一个宠物
long may I
keep this book keep指借。
Stop 的用法
1. stop …
from + “阻止”、“阻拦”“阻止……做某事”。
2. stop to
do“停下来做某事”，强调停下来去做另外一件事。
3. stop
doing“停止做某事”，强调停止正在做的事情。
Forget 和remember的用法
1，forget to do，忘记还没做的事情
2，forget
doing忘记已经做过的事
1，remember to do，忘记还没做的事情
2，remember doing忘记已经做过的事
Buy 的用法
1.
用作动词，表示“买”，可带双宾语；若双宾易位，通常要用介词 for。如：
我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。
正：My uncle bought me an
English dictionary.
正：My uncle bought an
English dictionary for me.
2. 表示向某人买某物，通常用介词
from。如：
He bought this watch from a friend.
他从一位朋友那儿买了这块手表。
3. 表示用多少钱买某物，通常用介词 for。如：
I bought the computer for $$600. 我花600美元买了这台电脑。
He bought it for very little money.
他买它只花了一点点钱。
【注】有时也用介词 at, 侧重指价格。如(from ：
He bought them for [at] 10p each. 他以每个10
便士的价格买下了它们。
4. 是终止性动词，因此在肯定句中不宜与一段时间连用。如：
这房子我已买了十年。
正：I bought this
house ten years ago.
Borrow: 借入 borrow sth.
from sb.
Lend : 借出 lend sth. to sb.
由于时间有限，就总结这些知识给同学们复习了。祝同学好运，考出好成绩！