英语被动语态-用被动语态造句

英语被动语态
【知识总结归纳】
一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。
二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
We Visited that factory last summer
?
主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语

That factory was visited by us last summer
?
被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
熟练转换
A．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的
时态；
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动
词之后。（有时 by短语可以省略）。
2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个 助
动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once．
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句）
（填m ust be thrown away）
② Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）
Where ______ vegetables ______ ？（填were；grown）
B.被 动 语 态 的 使 用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。
“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作
状语，而代替 by 短语。
These cars were made in China.

三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
时态 主动语态
一般现在时 （1）Do they speak
am is are + P.P. French ?
（2）They don’t use the
room .
一般过去时 （1）The hunter killed a
was were + p.p. tiger .
（2）He wrote many
stories last year .
现在进行时 （1）These workers are
被动语态
Is French spoken by
them ?
The room isn’t used by
them .
A tiger was killed by the
hunter .
Many stories was written
by him last year .
A new bridge is being built

am is are +being +p.p.
过去进行时
was were + being + p.p.
building a new bridge .
（2）He is mending his
car .
（1）He was selling
books .
（2）They were discussing
the plan at that time .
（1）She has learned many
English words .
（2）He has finished the
work .
（1）They has solved the
problem .
（2）We had told him the
news by then .
（1）I shall make a plan .
（2）They are going to fix
the radio in an hour .
（1）He told me they
would paint the room .
（2）They were going to
put on a play the next
week .
（1）We should hand in
our homework .
（2）You must answer the
question in English .
现在完成时
have has + been + p. p.
过去完成时
had + been + p.p.
一般将来时
shall will be + p.p.
过去将来时
would be + p.p.
was were going to be +
p.p.
情态动词
can may must should
+ be + p.p.
by these workers .
His car is being mended by
him .
Books were being built by
him .
The plan was being
discussed by them at that
time .
Many English words have
been learned by her .
The work has been
finished by him .
The problem had been
solved by them .
The news had been told to
him by us .
A plan will be made by
me .
The radio is going to be
fixed by them in an hour .
He told me the room
would be painted by them .
A play was going to be put
by them the next week .
Our homework should be
handed in by us .
The question must be
answered in English by
you .

四. 如何正确使用被动语态
1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
例如：① He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）
Weareoft entoldinterestingstoriesbyhim.
?

?
（被动语态）
Interestingstoriesareoftentold tousbyhim.
?
② Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother．
（填was given to）
▲
1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。

(1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her.
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。
(1) A new skirt was made for me (2) The meat was cooked for us.
2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有 复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个
复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这 个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）

宾语宾语补足语

???????
复合宾语
She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）
此类用法常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice
listen to, look at
，等。
3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即
系动词之后由过去分词 来充当表语）。”
(系表结构)
?
Thedoorisclosed.
门是 关着的。
比较：（1）
?

(被动语态)
?
Thedoor isclosedbyFengping.
这个门是由冯平来关的。
(系表结构)
?< br>Theglassisbroken.
这个玻璃杯是坏的。
（ 2）
?
TheglasswasbrokenbyMary.
这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏的。(被动语态)
?
4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。
?
Gre atchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.
(正确)
eg.
?

?
Greatchangeshavebeentakenplacei nChina.
(错误)
dinthedeepsea.
(正确)
?
Thedolphindisappeare

?

Thedolphi nwasdisappearedinthedeespea.
(错误)
?
五．注意特 例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动 语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后
的介词或副词不能省去。
如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think
of, talk about,bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put
away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
例如：
① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library．
A．take away
B．taken away
C．are taken away
D．be taken away ［D］
② She will take good care of the children．（变被动语态）
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）．
（填be taken good care of）
2．含有复 合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而
宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意 ：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号

to必须补上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．
（填was seen to）
3．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。例如：
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city．
A．be building
B．build
C．be built
D．built ［C］
4．
以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：
Who wrote the story?
误：Who was the story written?
正：By whom was the story written?
5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为
anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
Nobody can answer this question.
误：The question can be answered by nobody.
正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变
为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
7. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在
品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动 ，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean,
sell, wash, cook 等。如：
(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销

8. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain
等。
(1)— Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
(2)The food tastes delicious.
误：The food is tasted delicious.
(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：
He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart,

consist of, add up to等。如：
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名 词等，不能变
为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误：Each other is loved.
六．注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1）含义不同：被动语态强 调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去
分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征 及所处的状态。试比较：
The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构）
The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）
2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被
动语 态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much
修饰。试比较：
He was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do．我被那种场面搞
得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）
七．牢记（相关）句型
教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
1．be covered with被……覆盖
2．be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）
be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）
be made in由（某地）制造
be made by被（某人）制造
3．be used for被用来……
be used as被当作（作为）……来使用
be used to do sth．被用来做某事
4．
It is reported that ?据报导??
It is supposed that ?据推测??
It is generally considered that ?普遍认为??
It is suggested that ?有人建议??
It is said that．．．据说……
It is hoped that．．．希望……
It is well known that．．．众所周知……例如：
①—Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？

—Yes．It's Shanghai．
A．made of；made by
B．made of；made in
C．made for；made by
D．made for；made in ［B］
② This machine is used ______ the room wet．
A．for keeping
B．as keeping
C．keep
D．to keeping ［A］
③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang
River in Nanjing．
（填It is said；another bridge；built）
【实战模拟】
一. 选择填空
1. The rivers smells terrible People must dirty things into it .
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing
2. Paper first invented in China .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. — Do you like the flower ? — Yes , it sweet .
A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells
4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow .
A. was covered with B. was filled with
C. was made of D. covered with
5. The light in the room before you leave .
A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off
6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann ?
A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask
7. The bridge in three weeks .
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds
8. The old men and the children must in our country .
A. take good care B. be taken good care
C. take good care of D. be taken good care of
9. Paul doesn’t have to be made He always works hard .
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class .
A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at
11. We that the English test next Monday .
A. are told , gives B. tell , will give
C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given
12. Great changes place in China since 1978 .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took

13. the red pencil-box by your father last week ?
A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy
14. Mary many songs at the party .
A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing
15. trees usually in April ?
A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted
16. When we got there , the broken road repaired .
A. is being B. was being C. has been D.
17. The windows of the room once a week .
A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning
18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests .
A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with
19. The young tree the stick .
A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with
20. A present me by my friend on my birthday .
A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to
21. By was the book ?
A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing
22. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪） by young children .
A. should not see B. should be not seen
C. should not be seen D. should be seen
23. In warm weather fruit and meat long .
A. can’t be kept B. don’t keep C. is not kept D. aren’t keeping
24. Half the world’s telephone calls in English .
A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made
25. That building now .
A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds
26. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon .
A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water
27. More “ Great Green Walls ” must all over the world .
A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built
28. His school bag by a woman ten minutes ago .
A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken
29. It that she very clever .
A. was said , is B. was said , were C. is said , is D. is said , is being
30. Yesterday a visitor something about his hometown .
A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked
31. Do you like this kind of paper ? Yes , it very nice .
A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels
32. These books well .
A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell
33. The boy lost on his way home yesterday .
A. got B. is C. gets D. has
34. Though the coat is a bit large now , it me very soon .

A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits
35. Football everywhere in the world .
A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays
36. Everybody here was a present .
A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving
37. A new factory in our city last year .
A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building
38. All trees must well when it is dry .
A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering
39. This shirt silk .
A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by
40. These books good care of .
A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken
41. Stamps by people for sending letters .
A. use B. in using C. used D. are used
42. More trees next year .
A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting
43. — When the People’s Republic of China ?
— On October 1.1949 .
A. did …found B. was …found C. was … founded D. is … founded
44. Today , too many trees are still in the world .
A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down D. cutted
45. This kind of machine Japan .
A. is made by B. is made from C. is made in D. is made of
46. The teacher says that the man will .
A. be well taken care B. well look after C. take care well D. be well
looked after
47. — I think the shop .
— No , It’s open . It at six .
A. is close … close B. is closed … closes C. closed … closes D. is closed
48. I was astonished（吃惊）to hear that the colour TV set 5 , 000 yuan .
A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost
49. Great changes place since he came here .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. has taken
50. He was seen something from the shop .
A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed
51. She has by her classmates .
A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at
二. 用正确的时态和语态填空
1. Nearly everybody here （know）when the old museum （build）.
2. The building can （see）from every part of the city ; It （build）
many years ago .
3. Yesterday Tom （tell）me that his bike （break）last week .
4. The students often （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs .

5. Now he （be）asked if the meeting （hold）next Friday .
6. It is known to all that the moon （turn）round the earth .
7. Miss Li often （use）a recorder in her English class . But she （not use）
it tomorrow .
8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits （sell）in this shop .
9. English （speak）here .
10. The song （like）by us all twenty years ago .
11. The pictures （take）by Jack tomorrow .
12. The computer （can use）in the room .
13. The room （paint）now .
14. The novel （translate）into many languages since it was published .
15. That clock （call）Big Ben .
16. Last week , when I （ask）about English culture , I couldn’t answer it well .
17. What language （speak）in your country ?
18. School football games often （hold）on Friday evenings .
19. The film （show）again sometime next week .
20. If anything （happen）to him , let me know .
21. the pair of new shoes （suit）you ?
22. The bottle （break）by the cat yesterday .
23. A tall tree （can , see）in the picture .
24. The sports meeting （hold）last week .
25. We （tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia .
26. Look , Mr Smith （take）to the station by Mark in his car .
27. These trees should （water）after they （plant）.
28. The TV set （make）in Beijing . It （make）last April .
29. Colour TVs （sell）in that shop .
30. When the People’s Republic of China （found）?
31. Have you moved into the new house ?
Not yet . The rooms （paint）now .
32. An American film often （show）on TV on Sundays .
33. She （tell）the good news as soon as she arrived .
34. Look ! A big modern bridge （build）over the river .
35. Dr Bethune （remember）by the Chinese people for ever .
36. A recorder often （use）in our English class .

[参考答案]


一. 选择填空
1—5 BCDAD 6—10 BCDBD 11—15 CBBDB 16—20
BCBAB
21—25 CCAAC 26—30 ADBCA 31—35 DCABA 36—40
BCACD
41—45 DACBC 46—50 DBBBB 51. D

二. 用正确的时态和语态填空
1. knows , was built 2. be seen , was built
4. are , told 5. is , will be held
7. uses , won’t use 8. are sold
10. was liked 11. will be taken
13. is being painted 14. has been translated
16. was asked 17. is spoken
19. will be shown 20. happens
22. was broken 23. can be seen
25. were told 26. is being taken
planted
28. is made , was made 29. are sold
31. are being painted 32. is , shown
34. is being built 35. will be remembered

3. told , was broken
6. turns
9. is spoken
12. can be used
15. is called
18. are , held
21. Does ,suit
24. was held
27. be watered , are
30. was founded
33. was told
36. is , used