开关的拼音-迅速的意思
被动语态
一、被动语态的构成形式
1.
被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,
被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变
化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) amisare +done
(过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to
touch the exhibits.
2) has have been done
现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task
have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) amis are being done 现在进行时
例A new
cinema is being built here.
4) waswere done
一般过去时
例I was given ten minutes to decide
whether I should reject the offer.
5) had
been done 过去完成时
例 By the end of last year,
another new gymnasium had been completed in
Beijing.
6) waswere being done 过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shallwill be done be going to be done be about
to be done be to be to done一般将来时
例Hundreds
of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) shouldwould be done waswere going to be done
waswere about to be donewaswere to
be to
done一般将来时
例The news would be sent to the
soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9)
shallwill have been done 将来完成时(少用)
例The
project will have been completed before July.
10) shouldwould have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)
例He told me that his new clothes would have been
made very soon.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例The baby
should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,
另
一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother
gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was
given a present by his mother for
his
birthday.
3)
当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不
动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice,
hear, feel, observe等后面不定
式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略
,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk
into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk
into the
building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动
词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结
构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介
词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off
till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing
形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't
like being laughed at in the public.
二、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect,
report, say, suppose,
think等可以
用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to
do sth.”。有:
It is said that… 据说,It is
reported that…据报道,It is believed that…大家相信,It is
hoped that…
大家希望,It is well known that…众所周知,It
is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建
议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the
national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed
the national
exam. )
三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,ope
n,sell,read,write,wash
等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用
其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth
washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door
won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2.
表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place,
break out, come out,
come about, come true,
run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例
How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste,
book, feel等在
主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your
reason sounds reasonable.
四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1.
在need,want,require,
bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相
当于动词不定式的被动形式。The
house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而wort
hy
后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well
worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to
be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和
句中另一名词或代
词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have
a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to
do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the
post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (
此处用不定式的被动语态作
定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些
“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定
式的逻辑宾语时,这
时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,
dif
ficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out
.(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too…
to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This
book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6.
在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,
用
被动形式作定语,重点在物。
例There is no time to lose(to
be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁
lost time
不明确。)
7. 在be to
do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影
响,下列动词re
nt,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Who is to
blame for starting the fire?
五、介词in, on,
under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之
义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动
形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under
control(受控制), under
treatment(在治疗中), under
repair(在修理中), under discussion(在讨论中), under
construction
(在施工中)。
例The building is
under construction( is being constructed).
2.“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有:beyond
belief (令人
难以置信), beyond one’s
reach(鞭长莫及),beyond one’s control(无法控制),beyond our
hope. 我
们的成功始料不及。
例The rumour is beyond
belief(=can’t be believed).
3.“above+名词”结构,
表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。
例His honest
character is above all praise.=His honest
character cannot be praised enough.
4.“for+名词”结构,表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如:for sale(出售), for
rent(出租)等。
例That house is for sale. (= That
house is to be sold).
5.“in+名词”结构
,表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有:in print(在印刷中),in
sight(在
视野范围内),等。
例The book is not yet
in print.(=is not yet printed)
6.“on+名词”结构,
表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有:on sale(出售),on show(展出), on
trial
(受审)。
例Today some treasures are on
show in the museum (= are being showed).
7.“out of+名词”结构 ; 表示 “超出…… 之外“,常见的有:out of control
(控制不了),out of
sight (超出视线之外),out of one’s
reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。
例 The
plane was out of control (can’t be controlled). 。
8.“within+名词”结构,“在……内、不超过……”。
例He
took two days off within the teacher's permission.
六、被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动
作;作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的
状态时,be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区分
办法如下:
1.如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结
构。
例The glass is broken. (系表结构)
The glass
was broken by the boy. (被动语态)
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。
例The door is
locked. (系表结构)
The door hasalreadyjust been
locked.(被动语态)
3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时
态,而系表结构中的系动
词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
例 The machine
is being repaired.
七、被动语态与高考试题赏析
1.
高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1). In some parts of the
world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D.
served
解析 B 因为serve是及物动词,其动作承受者tea作主语,表示经常发生
的情况,故用一般现
在时的被动语态。
2). This is Ted’s
phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a
child in the
earthquake.(NMET2002)
A.
killed B. is killed
C. was killed D. was
killing
解析 C Ted是kill的承受者,用被动语态,且Ted救人发生在过去,
所以用一般过去时的被动
语态。
3). ---- Have you
moved into the new house?
---- Not yet, the
rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B.
are painting
C. are painted D. are being
painting
解析 A “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系,排除B,D。
后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油
漆,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性
动作,排除C。
4). When and where to go for the on-
salary holiday ___ yet. (上海春2003)
A. are not
decided B. have not been decided
C. is not
being decided D. has not been decided
解析 D d
ecide是及物动词,动作的发出者通常是人,句中的主语是动作的承受者,所以decide
要用被
动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet,可判断用现在完成时,不定式做主语用单数,故用现
在完成时的
被动语态。
5). The manager entered the office and
was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets
___.(上海春
2001)
A. was booked B. had been
booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
解析 B
句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者,主谓为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在entered
the office这个过去动作之前,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。
2.高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时,
须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间
的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。
1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good
for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether
they will
enjoy it. (NMET2002)
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
解析 B 根
据题意,那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作,应使用不定式,故排除掉C、
D两项;又因rema
ins的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者,即“到国外旅行”这件事,这
件事有待于“被
决定”,应使用动词不定式的被动形式。
2). While shopping,
people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying
something they don’t really need.
(上海1996)
A. to persuaded B. persuading
C. being
persuaded D. be persuaded
解析 C can’t help
doing “禁不住做某事”,排除A和D;顾客应是“被劝说”购物的,要用动名词
的被动语态。
3). I feel it is your husband who ___ for
the spoiled child. (上海2002)
A. is to blame
B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D.
should blame
解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型,在be to
do结构中,在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表
示被动语态,如to blame, to
let等。
【强化训练】
1. If city noises ____
from increasing,people ____ shout to be heard even
at dinner.
A. are not kept;will have to
B. are not kept;have
C. do not keep;will
have to
D. do not keep;have to
2. The
fifth generation computers, with artificial
intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A.
developed
B. have developed
C.
are being developed
D. will have been
developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might
be put off.
--- Yes,it all depends on the
weather.
A. I've been told B. I've told
C. I'm told D. I told
4. I need one more
stamp before my collection ___.
A. has
completed B. completes
C. has been completed
D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and
burned at such a speed that they will disappear
from the earth in the near
future.
A.
cut B. are cut
C. are being cut D. had been
cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the
end of last month.
A. has been designed
B. had been designed
C. was designed
D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is
partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it
____.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. was
broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes
___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C.
have taken place; have set up
D. were taken
place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60
dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is
costed D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here
is under construction.
--- What’s the pretty
small house that __ for?
A. is being built
B. has been built
C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material?
---
Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt
C. feels D. is felt
12. It is
difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese.
A.
write B. to write
C. to be written D.
written
13. I have no more letters ____
,thank you.
A. to type B. typing
C. to
be typed D. typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop
the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A.
won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out
C.
isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15.
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house
because the lights happened to ___.
A. be
put up B. give in
C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table
___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are
belonged to
C. belongs to D. belong to
17.
--- What do you think of the book?
---Oh,
excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to
read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed
___. A. catching B. to be caught
C. being
caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___
again.
A. being checked B. checked
C. to
check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the
boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught
C.
taught D. Teaching
被动语态基础练习选择题
house_____,
A . is getting paint B . is
getting painted C . is got painted D . has got to
paint
arrived in Beijing,where he_____his
friend .
A . was met by B . was met C .
was meeting D . met by
war_____in 1937
A . was broken out B . had been broken out
C . has broken out D . broke out
mistakes
in the exercises will_____the teacher.
A . cross B . be crossing C . be crossed by D .
cross by
brother and I have __________her
birthday party.
A . been invited B .
been invited for C . invited to D . been invited
to
_______this way
A . is had to
do B . is had to be done C . had to be done D .
has to do
__this way.
A used to do
B . used to be done C . is used to do D . is used
to doing
8._____Chaplin.
A . The
child's name was called B . The child's name calls
C . The child calls D . The child is named
sports meeting____ .
A . is put
off B . is to put off C . is to be put off D .
puts off
realized she_________
A
. was making fun of B . was made fun C . was
being made fun of D . was being made fun
11.______to say a thing in that way
A . It is considers wrong B . It is considered
wrong
C . It is considered it's wrong D .
It is consiedring wrong
ordered that the
books_______at once.
A . would be
printed B . would print C . be printed D . print
story______in ChinA .
A . was
taken place B . was happened C . took place D .
has been taken place
house_____my parents
A . is belong to B . belong to C .
belongs to D . is belonged to
_______by his
teacher.
A . happened to see B . was
happened to see C . happened to be seen D . was
happened to be seen
changes_____in our
tall buildings.
A . have been taken
place, have been set up
B . have taken
place, have been set up
C . have been
taken place, have been set up
D . were
taken place, were set up
hall's____but it's
not yet____with lamps.
A . furnished,
finished B . been finished, been furnished
C . being finished, being furnished D . set up,
full
new hall is the tallest building in
this town._____from here?
A . Can it see
B . Can it be seen C . Can it seen D . Can see
soon as we got to the airport,we found that
the plane_____.
A . had already taken
off B . already took off
C . was already
taking off D . was already taken off
20.
Some of the hotels in my hometown_________.
A . have now been rebuilding B . are now
rebuilding
C . are now being rebuilt D .
are rebuilt now
21. If city noises ____ from
increasing,people ____ shout to be heard even at
dinner.
A . are not kept;will have to B .
are not kept;have
C . do not keep;will
have to D . do not keep;have to
22. The fifth
generation computers, with artificial
intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A . developed B . have developed C . are being
developed D . will have been developed
23.
--- ____ the sports meet might be put off. ---
Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A .
I've been told B . I've told C . I'm told D . I
told
24. I need one more stamp before my
collection ___.
A . has completed B .
completes C . has been completed D . is completed
25. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed
that they will disappear from
the earth in
the near future.
A . cut B . are cut C .
are being cut D . had been cut
26. The new
suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A . has been designed B . had been designed
C . was designed D . would be designed
a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it
looks as if it ____.
A . breaks B . has
broken C . was broken D . had been broken
28. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot
of factories ___.
A . have been taken
place; have been set up B . have taken place; have
been set up
C . have taken place; have set
up D . were taken place; were set up
29.
That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A . had
costed B . costed C . is costed D . cost
30.
--- Look! Everything here is under construction.
--- What's the pretty small house that __ for?
A . is being built B . has been built C .
is built D . is building
31.--- Do you like
the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A . is feeling B . felt C . feels D . is felt
32. It is difficult for a foreigner ____
Chinese.
A . write B . to write C . to be
written D . written
33. I have no more
letters ____ ,thank you.
A . to
type B . typing C . to be typed D . typed
34. Take care! Don't drop the ink on your
shirt, for it __ easily.
A . won't wash
out B . won't be washed out
C . isn't
washed out D . isn't washing out
35. Nobody
noticed the thief slip into the house because the
lights happened to ___.
A . be put up B .
give in C . be turned on D . go out
36. The
computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A . belongs B . are belonged to C . belongs to D .
belong to
37. --- What do you think of the
book? ---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second
time.
A . to read B . to be read C .
reading D . being read
38. The squirrel was
lucky that it just missed ___.
A .
catching B . to be caught C . being caught D . to
catch
39. This page needed ___ again.
A . being checked B . checked C . to check D . to
be checked
40. ___ many times, the boy still
didn't know how to do the exercises
A .
Having taught B . Having been taught C . taught D
. Teaching
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题
( )1._____ a new library _____ in
our school last year?
A. Is; built
B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last
week.
A. has been happened B. was happened
C. is happened D. happened
( )(棉花) ____
in the southeast of China.
A. is grown
B. are grown C. grows D. grow
(
) far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is
visited B. will be visited C. has been
visited D. was visited
( )5.A talk on
Chinese history _____ in the school hall next
week.
A. is given B. has been
given C. will be given D. gives
( )
many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted
B. will plant C. have been planted D.
planted
( )7.A lot of things ____ by people
to save the little girl now.
A. are doing
B. are being done C. has been done D. will be
done
( )8.--When ___ this kind of
computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use
B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C.
is known D. was known
( ) _____ this
book _____?
A. did; written B.
was; written by C. did; written D. was;
written
( )11.A story _____ by Granny
yesterday.
A. was told us B. was
told to us C. is told us D. told us
( ) monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C.
jumped D. to jump
( ) school bag ___
behind the chair.
A. puts B.
can be put C. can be putted D. can put
( ) people ____ well.
A. looks
after B. must be looked after C. must look
after D. looked after
( ) teacher ______
carefully.
A. should be listened to B.
should be listen C. be listened D. is
listened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
's
said(据说) that the long
bridge______________(build)in two months.
to
have the meeting ______________ (discuss)now.
language _______the most
widely_______(speak)in the world?
lost
boy_____________(not find)so far.
year a
large number of trees______________(cut)down.
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to
take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must
send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs
and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9.
What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?
They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
10. Can the magazine ___took_____ (take) out
of the library?
11. The room _____________
(clean) by me every day.
12. The stars can’t
_____________ (see) in the daytime.
13. Some
flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming
already.
14. This kind of shoes __________
(sell) well.
15. How long _____ your uncle
______(be) in the city?
16. The food
_____________ (smell) delicious.
17. Look!
Someone __________(dance).
三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。
tea grown in South
China?(改为主动语态)
_______ people _________ tea
in South China?
2.I am given a birthday
present by my parents every year.(同义句转换)
A
birthday present _______ _______ _______
_______by my parents every year.
work is
going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)
How_______ _______ the work going to be
finished ?
4. The children will sing an
English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song
______ ______ _______ by the children.
5.
You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ______
________ ________ by you now.
6. People use
metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)
Metal
________ _________ _______making machines.
7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.
are watching the football match.
The
football match _______ _______ _______ by
them.
they build a bridge here a year ago?
(改为被动语态)
__________ a bridge ____________
here by them a year ago?
have sold out the
light green dresses. (改为被动语态)
The light
green dresses ________ _________ ___________
out.
call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)
The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by
us.
四、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。
①I have a
lot of homework to be done tonight.
____________
②Is your history teacher listened
carefully in class? ____________
③Lei
Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people.
____________
④The music is sounded beautiful.
____________
⑤By who was this new educational
CD-ROM designed ? ____________
1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA
11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB
Keys:
1 B2 A3 D 4 C5 D6 C7 B8 D9 A10 C11 B12 C13 C14
C15 C16 B17 B18 B19 A20 C 21 A22 C23 A24
D25
C26 B27 C28 B29 D30 A31 C32 B33 C34 A35 D36 D37
C38 C 39 D40 B
Answers
一、选择题
1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C
7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
be built 2. is being
discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn’t been found 5.
were cut told 7. must be sent 8. are sold
made , are made 10. be taken cleaned 12. be seen
13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16.
smells
17 is dancing
三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。
, grow 2. is given to me is 4. will be sung5.
needn’t be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do
8. is being
watched 9. was built 10. have been
sold 11. is called
四、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。
①be done改为 do② listened改为 listened to ③
remembered 改为 was remembered
④ is sounded
改为sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom
已而-谦的成语
残疾的英语单词-遍的拼音
tbs是什么意思-主刑
一本正经拼音-泥淖
全班之冠的读音是什么-envelope是什么意思
收拢近义词-倒装句
花的词语-ppt动态背景图片
本领的拼音-principal怎么读
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