初中英语被动语态用法小结

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初中英语被动语态用法小结[1]
一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语
态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by
many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成 。人称、数和时态的变化是通
过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中 的构成。
一般现在时：am／isare＋spoken
一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：waswere being＋spoken
现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken
三、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
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例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不
知道电脑是谁偷的）
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称
和数，以及原来主动 语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
A tree was cut down by him.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
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含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分 词”构成，原来带
to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
六、特殊情况
made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
never lets me watch TV .
被动语态同步达标练习】
Ⅰ .单项选择(选自各地中考题)
( )1 .The medicine______in a dry and cool place .(2000年重庆市中考题)
A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep
( )3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must______down too many
trees . (2001年安徽省中考题)
A .stop to out B .stop from cutting
C .be stopped to cut D . be stopped from cutting
( )5 .The key ______ for locking the classroom door . (2001年广西省中
考题)
A .uses B .is used C .is using D .use
( )6 .A new school______over there in two years . (2001年四川省中考题)
A .may build B .may be built C .is built
( )8 .Computers are very useful .For example ,they can______sending
e-mail .(电子邮件) (2001年苏州市中考题)
A .use for B .be used of C .be used for D .use of
( )9 .—What a nice garden !
—It______every day . (2000年武汉市中考题 )
A .is cleaning B .has cleaned C .must clean D .is cleaned
( )10 .This work ______next week . (2000年广西省中考题)
A .may finish B .finish C .finishes D .may be finished
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( )11 .My house______in 1995 .We have lived there for nearly five years .
(2000年广西省中考题)
A .was built B .has built C .is built D .were built
( )12 .The lost boy______early this morning . (2000年四川省中考题)
A .found B .was founded C .was found D .founded
( )13 .That white building______two years ago ,but it is quite old now .
(2000年河北省中考题)
A .built B .was built C .is built D .builds
( )14 .The big tree______by my mother ten years ago .(2000年甘肃省中
考题)
A .was planted B .planted C .has planted D .was planting【综合能力训练】
Ⅱ .用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。
1 .English______widely______(use) in the world .
2 .These pictures must (keep) well .
3 .She______(fall) ill last night ,and she______(take) to the hospital
at once .
4 .Now rice and wheat______(grow) in my hometown ,too .Look !The
crops__________(grow) fast in the fields .
5 .The Great Wall (know) all over the world .
6 .______the street lights usually ______(turn) on at seven in summer
evening ?
7 . ______this kind of car______(produce) in Wuhan ?
8 .______the doctor______(send) for last night ?
9 .We used a teapot before the thermos______(invent) .
10 .Three children______(take) good care of by the nurse .
11 .Some new houses______(build) by the villagers themselves .
12 .What language ______(speak) in Japan ?
13 .The black bike______(buy) in that shop three days ago .
14 .The doctor said Jim must ______(operate) on at once .
15 .The big tree______(blow) down in the storm last night .

【创新备考训练】
Ⅲ .将下列主动语态改为被动语态。
1 .You needn’t do it now .
2 .You must finish your homework now .
3 .We can do the work today .
8 .They founded that hospital in 1996 .
9 .Yesterday we played football after school .
10 .People all over the world know the Great Wall .
11 .He often helps his brother .


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