英语16大时态及8种被动语态

动词的时态
在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在 的状态,谓语动词都
要发生相应的变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.
英语动词的时态共有16种,列表如下:(以动词write为例)

现在
一般
write
writes
wrote
shall
write
will
进行
am
is writing
are
was
writing
were
shall
be writing
will
完成
has
written
have

had written

shall
have written
will
完成进行
has
been writing
have
had been writing
shall
have been writing
will
过去
将来
should should should should
过去将来
write be writing have written have been writing
would would would would
被动语态的构成
被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来.构成被动语 态的一般
疑问句时,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前,构成被动语态的否定句时,助动词后须
加 not. 各个时态的被动形式列表如下:(以动词teach为例)

现在
一般
am
is taught
are
was
taught
were
shall
be taught
will
should
be taught
would
进行
am
is being taught
are
was
being taught
were

完成
has
been taught
have

had been taught


过去
将来
过去将来

英语被动语态讲解
（一）语态的基本概念和种类
（二）语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的 关系。所以英语
的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
（三）如：They built the bridge.
（四） The bridge was built by them.
（五）(二)被动语态的构成
（六）被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去 分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变
化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
（七）歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
（八）情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词
（九）(三)被动语态的用法
（十）1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：
（十一）Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
（十二）This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
（十三）(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：
（十四）the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
（十五）This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
（十六）Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得
到保证。

（十七）歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，
被动语态运用到
（十八）（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
（十九）歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过
分”来使用。
（二十）(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动
结构中的谓语动词变为“be get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词
by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则 可以省略该by短语)。如：
（二十一）Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year.
这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
（二十二）Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in
Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
（二十三）(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为 被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的
主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：
（二十四）He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green
yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。
（二十五）注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch,
observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，
不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须
带to。如：
（二十六）I saw him go into the teachers’ office. →He was seen to go into the
teachers’ office.
（二十七）看见他进入了教师办公室。

（二十八）(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的
主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或fo r留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构
的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用 法。如：
（二十九）He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. The pen
was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。
（三十）【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer,
pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：
book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。
（三十一）(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose,
think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：
（三十二）He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
（三十三）It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤
了。
（三十四）(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：
（三十五）She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。
（三十六）The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
（三十七）His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。
（三十八）（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done
（三十九）（五）不用被动语态的情况
（四十）1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
（四十一）appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread,
stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
（四十二） After the fire, very little remained of my house.
（四十三） 比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

（四十四） (错) The price has been risen.
（四十五） (对) The price has risen.
（四十六） (错) The accident was happened last week.
（四十七） (对) The accident happened last week.
（四十八） (错) The price has raised.
（四十九） (对) The price has been raised.
（五十） (错) Please seat.
（五十一） (对) Please be seated.
（五十二）要想正确地使用被 动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及
物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这 一问题唯有在学习过程中
多留意积累。 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
（五十三）fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at
in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong
to
（五十四） This key just fits the lock.
（五十五） Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
（五十六） 3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep,
look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn .
（五十七） It sounds good.
（五十八） 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动
语态： die, death, dream, live, life .
（五十九） She dreamed a bad dream last night.
（六十） 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
（六十一） (对) She likes to swim.

（六十二） (错) To swim is liked by her.
二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双 宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法
有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的
介词。
（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被 动
语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，
以及使役动词make, let等。
各种时态的被动语态举例

1
．一般现在时（
am is are +done
）

English is spoken by lots of people in the world.
世界上的许多人都说英语。

Class meeting is held every Thursday.
每周四都举行班会。

The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.
学生们每天都打扫教室。

2
．一般过去时
(was were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy.
杯子被那个男孩打碎了。

He was saved at last.
他最终获救了。

My bike was stolen.
我的自行车被偷了。

3
．一般将来时与过去将来时
(will shall be +done; wouldshould be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon.
今天下午有一个演讲。

A new road will be built next year.
明年要修一条新马路。

I thought thousands of people would be helped.
我认为将有数千人得到帮助。

4
．现在进行时与过去进行时
(am is are being +done; was were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.
昨天这时
,
机器正在被修
理。

The problem is being discussed now.
问题正在被讨论。

A bus is being pushed by the passengers.
路人正在推一辆公共汽车。

5
．现在完成时
(have has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now.
到现在为止
,
已经种了二百棵树
了。

The book has been read many times by me.
这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。

Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict.
在冲突中已经有几名士
兵被杀害。

6
．过去完成时
(had been+done)
They said they had been invited to the party.
他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。

She found the house had been destroyed by the storm.
她发现房子已经被暴风

雨摧毁。

He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了

第三节

巩固练习

Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1． We often use a recorder in our English class.
2． They will show a new film next week.
3． When did they build the house?
4． I saw the boy enter the room.
5． Will they show a new film next week?
6． Have they posted the letter yet?
7． We often see him help his classmate.
8． You must turn off the light before you go to be.d
9． Who is repairing the bike?
10． The student should learn all the texts by heart.
Ⅱ.选择填空:
1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned
2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked

3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept
4. His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent
5. The pen ________ well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. has taken place D. has been taken place
7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in
8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending
9. ________ his work ________ yet?
A. have…been finished B. has …been finished
C. has …finished D. have…finished
10. The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning
C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned
Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1. Can he ________ (speak) English?
2. What language ________ (speak) in that country?
film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light?

6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7. ________ the book ________ (return).
________ (grow) in the south.
9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10.I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.



答案I、
1. A recorder is often used in our English class.
2. A new film will be shown by then next week.
3. When was the house built by them?
4. The boy was seen to enter the room.
5. Will a new film be shown by them next week?
7. He is often seen to help his classmate.
8. The light must be turned off before you go to bed.
9. Who is the bike being repaired by?
(By whom is the bike being repaired?)
10. All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.
II、

1.
D B
2.
C
3.
B
4.
A
5.
A
6.
B
7.
C
8.
B
9.
.C
10
III、
1. speak 2 is spoken 3. has been shown
4. are made 5. turn 6. is being built
7. Has returned 8. is grown 9. wasn’t broken
10. was told didn’t come
被动语态练习题
( )1.—Do you often clean your classroom? —Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
cleaned cleaning
( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology___in the school hall next
week.
A. given be given been given
( ) new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing
C. is being published D. has been published
( )4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No,I____.
not invited ’t invited ’t invited ’t invite
( )5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack? —When your homework___,you can.
A. is done done
( )—year—olds should not____to drive in China.
allow allowed d.
( ) him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what___.
happen happened ed happened.
( ) book Business@the Speed of Thought ___in 1999.
written written.
( ) and flowers__every year to make our country more beautiful.

planted planted planted planted.
( )’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang___Good Will Ambassadors(亲善
大使)for Shang hai.
been named been named named named.
( ) earth is our ___well.
be protected protect protect protected.
( ) recent years, many children are made ___ what they are not___.
do;interested in do;interested interested interested.
( )13.___a new library____in your school last year?
built built built built.
( ) accident___on this road last week.
been happened happened happened ed.
( ) ____in the southeast of China.
grown grown .
( ) far, the moon___by man already.
visited be visited been visited visited.
( ) many trees ___this year?
planted plant been planted d.
( )18.A lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now.
doing being done been done be done.
( )r of them ___ in China
made made made .
( )! A nice picture___for our teacher.
A. is drawing being drawn been drawn .
( ) shoes___.You need a new pair.
out out worn out worn.
( ) doctor___for yet.
’t sent ’t been sent ’t be sent ’t sent.
( )23—When ___this kind of computer___? —Last year.
use ;used used used
( ) Great Wall__about all over the world.
known known.

( )25.I___in summer.
born been born born.
( ) says that Mr Zhang___to the factory next week.
sent send sent be sent.
( ) ___this book__?
written written by ;written written
( ) ___show me her new dictionary.
asked to asked to asked to
( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.
told us told to us told us us
( ) monkey was seen____out of the tree.
jump


参考答案 1~5CBABA 6~10CBDCB 11~15AABDA 16~20CCBAB 21~25CBBCB
26~30DBBBD
二、单项选择 1
三、( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
四、 A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
五、( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
六、 A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
七、( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
八、 A. often sings B. often sang
九、 C. is often sang D. is often sung
十、( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
十一、 A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
十二、( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
十三、 A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
十四、2
十五、( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
十六、 A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
十七、( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
十八、 -I'm sorry. ___.
十九、 A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
二十、( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

二十一、 A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
二十二、( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
二十三、 A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
二十四、( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
二十五、 A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
二十六、3
二十七、( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
二十八、 A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
二十九、( ) 2 These papers___yet.
三十、 A. have not written B. have not been written
三十一、 C. has not written D. has not been written
三十二、( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
三十三、 A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
三十四、4
三十五、( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.- ___.
三十六、A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.
三十七、C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?
三十八、( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
三十九、 A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
四十、( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?
四十一、A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
四十二、5
四十三、( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
四十四、A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held
四十五、C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
四十六、( ) 2 Who was the book___?
四十七、A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
四十八、( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made?
四十九、
A. was B. were C. is D. am

五十、6
五十一、( ) 1 The flowers___often.
五十二、A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered
water
五十三、( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
五十四、A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
五十五、( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
五十六、A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend
D. must
D. can be

mended
五十七、7
五十八、( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
五十九、A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
六十、C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt
六十一、( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
六十二、A. is going to be shown shown C. will show D. is shown
六十三、( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
六十四、A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild
六十五、C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
六十六、8
六十七、( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
六十八、A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been
kept
六十九、( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
七十、A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping
七十一、C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
七十二、( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
七十三、A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
七十四、( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
七十五、A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
七十六、( ) 5 Wet clothes are often__up near a fire in rainy weather.
七十七、A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
七十八、9
七十九、( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty things into it.
八十、A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
八十一、C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
八十二、( ) 2 The teapot ___ water.
八十三、A. is filled with B. filled of
八十四、C. fulling of D. filled
八十五、( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
八十六、A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
八十七、( ) 4 Old people must ___.
八十八、A. look after well B. be looked well after
八十九、C. looked well after D. be looked after well
九十、10
九十一、( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.

九十二、A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
九十三、C. take good care of D. take good care
九十四、( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
九十五、A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
九十六、( ) 3 These walls___stones.
九十七、A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into
九十八、11
九十九、( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
一○○、A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
一○一、( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.
一○二、A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown
一○三、( ) 3 The coat___her sister.
一○四、 to made for made for made to
一○五、12
一○六、( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
一○七、A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
一○八、( ) 2 Good care____such things.
一○九、A. should take of B. should be taken
一一○、C. should be taking D. should be taken of
( ) 3 She will____good care____.
;of taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken;of you
13
( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean
C. made to clean D. was made clean
( ) 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
14
( ) 1 These stones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C. held D. had
15

( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
broken down wrong bad broken down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
16
( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written
C. are writing D. were writing
( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. close
17
( ) 1 Can he___ himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire,or your trousers will__.
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burnt
18
( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
( ) 3 What you said ___ like a good idea.
A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
19
( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play?
-Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
( ) 3 The book is worth ___.

A. seeing B. reading C. Seen D. read
参考答案： 1. 1-5 B D D D C
2. 1-5 B C B B C 3. 1-3 A B B
4. 1-3 A B A 5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A
8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D
10. 1-3 B B A
11. 1-3 B A C
12. 1-3 D D B
13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C
16. 1-3 A B C
17. 1-3 B C D
18. 1-3 C C D
19. 1-3 A C B