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2020-2021年英语被动语态用法总结(完整)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-11-04 11:50
tags:英语被动语态

crash什么意思-confident是什么意思

2020年11月4日发(作者:欧阳娜娜)


2020-2021年英语被动语态用法总结(完整)

一、单项选择被动语态
1

The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler

A

inspired B

prompted

C

rised D

insured

【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查过去分词。
A. inspired
鼓舞;
B. prompted
引起,提示;
C. rised
上升;
D. insured
确保。
句意:电影《辛德勒的名单》 的灵感来自一个真实的人,名叫奥斯卡
·
辛德勒。结合句意可
知此处用被动语态,故答 案为
A



2

________scores of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a
concrete situation.

A

Having explained
C

Though it was explained
【答案】
D

【解析】

因为有连词
but
,前面应是完整的句子,排除
A,B; Though
不能和
but
同时使用,所以选
D


B

Having been explained

D

It was explained


3

At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in
science and technology.

A

has discovered B

has been discovered

C

had discovered D

had been discovered

【答案】
D

【解析】句意:在东京举行的颁奖仪式上,科学家们惊讶于科学 技术的发现。科学家们感
到惊讶是过去式,故科学技术发现用过去完成时,
what
于 动词
discover
是被动关系,故选
D



4

—The window is dirty.

—I know. It ________ for weeks.

A

hasn’t cleaned
C

wasn’t cleaned
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤:
1.
确定时态:这里 表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的
影响就是窗户很脏,现在完成时可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影 响,也可以表示过去
B

didn’t clean

D

hasn’t been cleaned


发生的事情持续到现在。
2.
确定语态:主语
it
与谓语
clean
为被动关系。句意:

窗户很
脏。
我知道,这些窗户已经很几个星期没有被擦了。故选
D



5

Many artifacts ________ for the first time in the National Museum at present.

A

were exhibited B

were being exhibited

C

are being exhibited D

are exhibited

【答案】
C

【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意:许多史前古器物目前正在 国家博物馆首次展出。根
据时间状语
“at present”
可知,句子描述现在正 在进行的动作,主语
artifacts
与谓语
exhibit
之间是被动关 系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。故选
C



6

—Do you know why a meeting by the middle school teachers last Sunday?

—To demand smaller classes of no more than 25 to 30 students in each class.

A

was held B

had been held

C

has held D

held

【答案】
A

【解析】考查动词的 时态和语态。
meeting

hold
逻辑上的宾语,故用被动语态,再由 时
间状语
last Sunday
可知用一般过去时。故选
A
。句意 :
——
你知道为什么上星期日中学老
师召开会议吗?
——
要求更小班 ,每个班不超过
25-30
个学生。


7

With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.

A

is washing away
C

are washing away
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤:
1.
确定谓语单复数:根据
quantity
的用法,
quantities of

a quantity of
后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数,但
它们作主语时,
quantities of...
后面的谓语动词用复数,而
a quantity of...
的谓语动词 用单
数,故排除
A

D
项。
2.
确定第二空:随 着森林的被毁,土壤正在被冲走,故应该用现在
进行时的被动语态。句意:随着森林的被毁,大量的优质 土壤每年都被冲走。综上,故选
D
项。

【名师点拨】

quantities of

a quantity of
后面加可数名词复数,做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式;
quantities of
后面加不可数名词,做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式;
a quantity of
后面
加不可数名词,做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
quantities of money have
been sent there
大量的钱已经被送到那里;
A large quantity of money has been wasted.
大量的
钱已经被浪费;
2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.
大量的书已经提供给我
们;
Quantities of nuts are on the table.
大量的坚果在桌子上。

B

is being washed away

D

are being washed away



8

— Did he decide to take part in the competition?

— Yes, of course. He _____ to.

A

has been encouraging B

had been encouraged

C

has been encouraged D

was to be encouraged

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:
——
他决定 参加比赛吗?
——
是的,当然。他已经被鼓
励参加比赛。根据
he
和 动词
encourage
之间的逻辑关系分析,此处应该使用被动形式,故
先排除A
项。再和第一句话的一般过去时态结合起来分析,

此处应该使用过去完成时态的
被动语态。故选
B



9

Oral English exams _______ in China twice a year to give more chances to the students.

A

has held B

will be held

C

will hold D

has been held

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:英语口语考试将在中国每年举行两次,为的是给学生更
多的机会。句中 主语
Oral English exams
和动词
hold
是被动关系,表 示动作将要进行不是完
成,排除
D
,故选
B



10

––Are the repairs finished yet?

––Yes, they ______ when I came back home.

A

would be completed B

would complete

C

had completed D

had been completed

【答案】
D

【解析】考查被动语态。上句:修理被完成了吗?下句:是的, 当我回到家的时候它们已
经被完成。根据句意可知句子用过去完成时态的被动语态,故选
D


11

----Have you telephoned your father?

--- Yes, he back next week.

A

is expected
C

will expect
【答案】
A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:
--
你给你的父亲打电话了吗
?—
是的,他有望明年回来。这里
sb be
expected to do
现在现在盼望明年回来,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,这里
he
应指的是
父亲。根 据句意故选
A


考点:考查动词时态及语态的用法。

B

expects

D

will be expected


12
.-
Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in the office just now?



Yes, he ________, and he looked a little bit nervous.

A

had interviewed B

was interviewed

C

was being interviewed D

is being interviewing

【答案】
C

【解析】考查动词时态。句意:
——
迈克,
你刚才看到
Mr. Chapman
在办公室吗
?——
是的< br>,

正在接受采访
,
他看起来有点紧张。表示刚才正在进行的动作用过 去进行时,句中
he
和动

interview
是被动关系,所以此 处用过去进行时的被动,故选
C



13

Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet
sauce.

A

was served B

will serve

C

is served D

served

【答案】
C

【解析】考查时 态和被动语态。句意:通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句
子说的是一般情况,要用一般现 在时态;句子主语
Beijing Roast Duck
是单数第三人称,和
谓语动 词
serve
之间是被动关系,所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为
C



14

I intend to buy that kind of clothes because I ____ that they _____ well.

A

have told; wash
C

was told; washed
【答案】
B

【解析】

考察时态。根据题意,我想买那种衣服,因为有人告诉过我他们洗起来不错 。可知从句内
容为过去已经完成的动作,故用过去完成时态。他们洗起来不错则是一个客观存在的事实,过去存在,现在及将来都会存在,故用一般现在时态。选
B


B

have been told; wash

D

have been told; are washed







15

This is one of the highest buildings that _____ in our city recently.

A

has been built B

build

C

have been built D

have built

【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查现在完成时态的被动语态。句意:这是最 近我们城市建设的众多最高的建筑中的一


座。此处
the highest b uildings
是先行词,指物,复数形式,且和
build
之间是被动关系,再< br>根据
recently
所以句子用现在完成时态的被动语态,故选
C



16

If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

A

had been put
【答案】
A

【解析】

【分析】

B

were put C

should be put D

would be put
























































































【详解】


考查虚拟语气。句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话 ,这个事故就不会发生
了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用
had don e
形式,此外根据句意可
知是被动,用被动语态,故
A
项是正确的。

【点睛】


英语中的三种语气,语气是动词的一种形式,用来说明我们对自 己的话所采取的态度。陈
述语气(疑问,否定,肯定,感叹)祈使语气(命令,要求,建议,警告)虚拟 语气:不
可能发生的事,愿望,建议,与事实相反的假设等
.
虚拟语气在条件中的具体 用法真实条件

If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.
虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在,实现机会很
小)
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the
从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词
1.
与现在事实
相反动词过去式(
be
一律用
were

wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形
2.< br>与过去事实相反
had donewouldcouldmightshould+have d one3.
与将来事实可能相反
a.
动词过去式(
be
一律

were

+
动词原形(不能用
would

to+
动词原形
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形与现在事实 相反
if
从句:动词过去式(
be---were
)主
句:
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形
If we had time, we would go with I were you, I
shouldn’t do it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.
与过去事实相反
if
从句:
had done

句:
wouldcouldmightshould+have doneIf the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have
succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more he hadn’t been ill, he might
have come.3.
与将来事实可能相反
if
从句:
a.动词过去式(
be
一律用
were

+
动词原形(不能用
would

to+
动词原 形主句:
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原

If he came tomorrow, I would tell him it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at
home and watch it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go he come
tomorrow, please give the book to him.
错综时间 条件句在虚拟语气中,有时条件从句动作发
生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的,称为错综时间条 件句。这种句子的形式往往
要根据句子的时间相调整,分别处理。
If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know
what to do you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right you
had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now. (
有时时间会省略)含蓄条
件句有时虚拟条件不用
if
条件从句,而用介词或 介词短语来表示。
They would not be able
to live without him.
(如果没有)
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
(要
不是)
=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(
要是
......
就好了)
You
would have done the same thing in her a little more care you could have avoid the
traffic accident .
虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中,假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方
式表现出来,并且 虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would


have taken part in the singing competition.
(实
------
虚)
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill
that day, I would have taken part in the singing would have bought the piano, but
he didn’t have enough money.
(虚
------
实)
=He would have bought the piano if he had had
enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
省略
if
倒装条件句在虚拟语气中,
if
从句假设的情况中如果有助动词
had, should

were
,那么可省略
if
,把
had, should

were
放在句首构成倒装,简称省略
if
倒装条件 句。
If he had finished the work yesterday, he
would have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have
gone to the concert with I were you, I wouldn’t do that.=were I you, I wouldn’t do I
should meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.


17

This is one of the best films _______.

A

that have been shown this year
C

that has been shown this year
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查定语从句和时态。句意:这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。此处为定语 从句,先行词

the one
,有最高级
the best
修饰 ,关系代词应该用
that
,在从句中作主语,语境表明使
用现在完成时,而且谓语要 用第三人称单数,故
C
项正确。

B

that have shown

D

that you talked


18

We must apply what we have learned to our work because in no case ______ from practice.

A

should theory separate
C

theory should separate
【答案】
D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:我们必须把我们 学到的应用到实际生活中去,因为在任何情况下理论都
不应该脱离实际。这里是
apply sth to sth

……
应用到
……

in no c ase
在从句中的句首,所
以应该用倒装,又因为
theory

s eparate
之间是被动关系,故选
D


考点:考查倒装的用法。

点评:本题难度适中。倒装是高中阶段的重要的语法项目, 它们的各种情况比较多,需要
考生牢记它们的用法,但是在从句中的这种倒装更增加了试题的难度。
即学即练:
Can you explain_______most deserts are located near the west coast of the
continents?

A. why is it that B. why it is that

C. how it is that D. how is it that

解析:
B
。句意:由句子结构可知,强调句型
“it is ...that ”
对宾语从句的引导词进行强调,应
用陈述语序,再由句意可知,选
B

B

theory should be separated

D

should theory be separated


19

With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ___in the past few years.

A

discovered B

have discovered


C

had been discovered
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

D

have been discovered

考查时态语态。句意:因为有高科技的帮助,在最近几年中,越来越多 的新物质已经被发
现了。根据时间状语
in the past few years,
说明使用现在完成时。根据句意新物质和发明之
间用被动形式。故
D
正确。


20

—Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?

—Yes, the posts about the virtual green frog ________ over 4 million times.

A

have read
C

would be read
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态和语态。句意:
——
你喜欢手机游戏旅行青蛙吗?
——
是的,关于虚拟绿蛙的帖
子已经被阅读了
400
多万次。
The posts

read
是被动关系,用被动 语态,

已经被阅读过


用完成时态,故选
B


B

have been read

D

are reading


21

You’d better communicate with each other sincerely, and I hope to see your conflict
________ tomorrow.

A

was to be solved
C

will have been solved
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查 时态和语态。句意:你们彼此之间最好真诚地沟通,我希望明天你们的冲突能得到解
决。由时间状语tomorrow
可知,此处应用将来时,
conflict

solv e
之间为被动关系。因此
C
项的将来完成时符合语境,表示在将来某一时间以前(明天 结束之前)已经完成的动
作。故选
C
项。

B

has been solved

D

had been solved


22

It is ______ that the financial crisis is disappearing in some countries.

A

reported
【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查被动语态。句意:据报道,金融危机正在 一些国家消退。句中
It
为形式主语,
that

导的从句为主语从 句,是真正的主句的主语,所缺词为主句谓语动词,主语与动词
report
是逻辑上的动宾关 系,是动作的接受者,所以用被动语态。故选
A


B

to report C

reporting D

being reported



23

The coach, together with his players, __________ to the party held last Friday night, aiming
to celebrate their win in the match.

A

was invited
【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查 主谓一致与一般过去时的被动语态。句意:这个教练,和他的队员一起,被邀请去参
加上周五晚上举行的 聚会,目的是庆祝他们赢得比赛。根据句中的
“last Friday night
(上周< br>五晚上)

可知,这句话应使用一般过去时。句子主语为
The coach
,为第三人称单数形
式,
“together with…”
介词词组作主语的伴随状语,不能算作主语,所以谓语动词应与
The
coach
保持一致。故选
A


【点睛】
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与它的主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。简单来讲,即在英
语组词成句 的过程中,主语的人称、数、格发生了变化,谓语也必须跟着变化,保证主语
和谓语之间关系的协调一致 。在英语语法中,这属于基本的知识点。主谓一致要遵循三个
原则,语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近 一致原则。其中语法一致原则指的是主语是单
数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动 词也是复数形式。当
than

with

as well as

along with

together with

like

rather than

exce pt

not

but

including
,< br>plus

besides

in addition to
等加名词或代词结构在主语后面时,谓语不受这些
短语影响,须和其前的主语一致。这属于语法一致原则 中的一种情况。例如本题中使用了
together with
结构,所以句子的谓语动词与主语
the coach
保持一致。

B

were invited C

has been invited D

have been invited


24

We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.

A

are being made
C

have been made
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态辨析。句意:我们得等到所有的准备工作都做好了才能开始工作。
are being
是现在进行时的被动形式;
will be made
是一般将来时的被动形式;
have been made
是现在
完成时的被动形式,用于强调动作产生的影响;
had been made
是过去完成时的被动形


。本题是主将从现的用法。主句是将来时 时,从句用现在时或相当于现在的时态;现在
完成时强调过去对现在的影响或动作从过去一直持续到现在 。故选
C


【点睛】

通常说来
,
在 时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时,前面的主句中使用将来时。在高
中英语中也使用现在完成时 代替将来时,表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。主句是
We won’t start
,从句用一般现在时或者现在完成时,故选
C


B

will be made

D

had been made



25

—The hurricane ____ to reach the coast tomorrow morning.

—If so, we’d better make full preparations for it.

A

will be predicted
【答案】
D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查动词的时态及语态。句意:
——
预测飓风明天早上会到达海岸。
——
如果是这样的
话,我们最好做好充分的准 备。
A. will be predicted
将被预测;
B. is predicting
正在被预测;
C. has predicted
已经预测;
D. is predicted
被预测。分析句子可知,空格处的主语是
the
hurrica ne
与动词
predict
二者是被动关系,要用被动语态。
B
和< br>C
是主动语态,故不正确。
根据第二句话可知,飓风明天早上才到,现在还没到,即飓风 到达海岸是现在做出的预
测,所以要用一般现在时,故选
D


B

is predicting C

has predicted D

is predicted


26

I saw Jack in the lift this morning. He

around here for a long time.

A

won't be seen
C

hasn't been seen
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:今天早 上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近
露面了。根据
this morning
可知,这是过去的事情;再根据
for a long time
可知 ,此空是更
靠前的动作,且句子主语
He

see
之间是一种被动关 系,所以用过去完成时态,故选
D


B

wasn't seen

D

hadn't been seen


27

–The pine tree in front of the lecture hall is so tall.

–Yes. It ______ nearly 20 metres.

A

measures
【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查 动词时态及语态。句意:
——
演讲厅前面的松树好高啊。
——
是的。它近20
米。
measure
此处意为

测量,量起来
…… ”
,为不及物动词,后接量的结果,不用于被动语态或
进行时态。此处为描述客观事实用一般现 在时,且主语为
it
,谓语动词需用第三人称单数
形式。故选
A
。< br>
B

is measured C

will measure D

is measuring


28

The Olympic Sports Center _______at present in the city and is said to be open to the public
in 2019

A

is built B

has built C

is being built D

will be built


【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态语态。句意:奥运会体育中心现在正在被建。据说
2019
年会对公众开放。 句中时
间状语是
at present
意为

现在

,介绍正在发生的事情,主语
the Olympic Sports Center
build
该词被动关系,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故
C
项正确。


29

Beijing's new international airport ________ into use in September, 2019, according to the
spokesperson.

A

was put
C

has put
【答案】
D

【解析】

试题分析:考查时态和语态。句意 :按照发言人所说,北京的新国际机场将在
2019
年投入
使用。根据句意可知,用一 般将来时态的被动语态。故选
D


考点:考查时态和语态

B

will put

D

will be put


30

In no time______ by a string of measures backing Hainan’s efforts to deepen reform and
opening-up.

A

the landmark decision was followed

B

was the landmark decision followed

C

did the landmark decision follow


D

the landmark decision had been followed;

【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考察句子语序。句意:在这重大决议之后会出台一系列的办法来支持海南深 化改革和扩大
开放。
In no time
(立刻,马上)位于句首,句子用陈述语序 ,不用部分倒装。另外,该句
陈述的过去的事情,因而用一般过去时,综述选
A

【点睛】

关于部分倒装。部分倒装,也叫不完全倒装,指的是谓语部分的be
动词,情态动词或助动
词放在主语之前的结构。常见的部分倒装分以下几类:第一,否 定性副词或者赋词短语,
比如
seldom

hardly

at no time, in no case, on no occasion
等位于句首时,比如,
Hardly
does he get late.
第二,
only
修饰副词性短语谓语句首时,比如
only in this way can we
succeed.
而本题中
in no time (
立刻,马上
)
,不是否定意义的短语,故不用部分倒装。

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