什么是斗鸡眼-银饭
初中英语被动语态小结
一. 语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态有两种:________语态和__________语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者
要用__________语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则用____________语态。
二.
被动语态构成:
1.一般现在时:amisare + done
2. 一般过去时:waswere+ done
3. 一般将来时:willshall be + done
4.
现在进行时:amisare being + done
5. 过去进行时:waswere
being + done
6. 现在完成时:havehas been + done
7. 过去完成时:had been + done
8. 情态动词:must
may might + be done.
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers
were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was
broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was
written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be
finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中
动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him. He
was laughed at by all people.
They make
the bikes in the factory.
_____________________________________________
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由情态动词+b
e+过去分词构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态
后仍要保留。
We can
repair this watch in two days. This watch can
be repaired in two days.
They should do it
at once. It should be done at once.
六、特殊情况
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What
will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs
disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2.一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧),
cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容
易地),
perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:
The book sells well.这种书很畅销。
These clothes
wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。
3.
使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式(make hear notice see
let)主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须
加上to 。
He let Daming do his homework →
Daming was let to do his homework.
He saw
Daming do his homework →Daming was seen to do his
homework.
4. 主动表被动:1、 Need, want,
require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not
bear(经
不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is
worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building
requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),
sound (听起来), prove(证明
是), feel(摸上去感到),
look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:
Your reason sounds
reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes
bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。
6有些动词可以带双宾语 在用于被
动结构时,主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后
面;直接宾语变为主语时,间
接宾语前通常加上介词forto
★He gave Betty a
_________________________________
7.
一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at
by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The
radio is listened to by him every day. The
nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick
man is
being taken care of by the nurse.
初中英语被动语态专项练习
( ) 1 The People's Republic
of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B.
was founded C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2
English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are
spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( )3 This
English song___ by the girls after class.
A.
often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is
often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in
Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is
made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the
world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D.
have used
( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 7 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm
sorry. ___. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's
been sold D. it
had been sold
( )8A new
house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is
building B. is being built C. been built D. be
building
( ) 9 The key ___ on the table when
I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is
left D. has been left
( ) 10 Doctors ___ in
every part of the world.
A. need B. are
needing C. are needed D. will need
( )11 His
new book___ next month.
be published B. is
publishing C. is being published D. has been
published
( ) 12 Japanese ___ in every
country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is
speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 13 These
papers___yet.
not written B. have not
been written
C. has not written D. has not
been written
( ) 14 The sports meet ___ be
held until next week.
A. didn't B.
won't C. isn't D. doesn't
( ) 15 -My shoes
are worn out.
A. Can't they be mended? B. Let
me have a look at it.
C. How much do they
cost? D. Can't they mended?
( ) 16 ___ the
watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A.
Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
( ) 17___ these
desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
(
) 18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A.
didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't
held
( ) 19 Who was the book___?
A. write
B. wrote C. written D. written by
( ) 20
Where ___ these boxes
A. was B. were C. is D.
am
( )21 The flowers___often.
A. must be
water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must
water
( ) 22 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
( ) 23 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D.
can be mended
( ) 24 The old bridge in my
hometown___ next month.
going to be rebuilt
B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt D.
are going to rebuilt
( ) 25 The play ___ at
the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be
shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown
(
) 26 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild
C.
are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
(
)27Now these magazines___ in the library for a
long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C.
have been keeping D. have been kept
( ) 28The
pot ___ for ___ hot water.
; keeping B.
was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep D.
are used; keep
( )29Tea ___ in the south of
China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D.
will grow
( ) 30 The bridges___ two years
ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was
built
( ) 31 Wet clothes are often ___ up
near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B.
hanged C. hanging D. hung
( )32 The river
smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into
it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from
throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop from
throwing
( ) 33 The teapot ___ water.
A.
is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D.
filled
( ) 34Old people must be looked after
well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken
C. speak D. spoken to
( ) 35 Old people must
___.
A. look after well B. be looked well
after
C. looked well after D. be looked after
well
( ) 36 Newly-born babies___in
hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are
taken good care of
C. take good care of D.
take good care
( )37 They were___ at the
sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C.
frighten D. frightens
( ) 38These
walls___stone.
made of B. made of C. are
made into D. made into
( ) 39 Jane ___ to
sing us an American song last Saturday.
A.
called B. was asked C. told D. was said
( )40
The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show
C. shown D. have shown
( ) 41 The coat___her
sister.
A. made to B. were made for C. was
made for D. was made to
( ) 42 I___ five
minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was
given
( ) 43 Good care____such things.
A.
should take of B. should be taken
C. should
be taking D. should be taken of
( ) 44She
will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be
taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
( )45The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 46
The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to
clean D. was made clean
( ) 47 These
children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were
seen for C. were seen D. saw to
( ) 48
Thesestones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit
C. fits D. is fitted
( )49 The bike ___
500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost
D. is costed
( )50 The important meeting ___
on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was
held C. held D. had
( ) 51 Great changes___
in the past ten years in China.
A. took place
B. have taken place C. were taking place D.
hadtaken place
( ) 52 You can't use the
computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is
wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
( ) 53
Great changes___in our country during the past 20
years.
happened B. happened
C. have
been happened D. were happened
( ) 55 The
watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain
C. broken D. fell
( ) 56 Please pass me
another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is
breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 57 The story
books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are
written B. were written C. are writing D. were
writing
( ) 58 What time ___ the door ___
every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C.
is; closed D. close
( )59 Can he___himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D.
instead of
( )60 He fell from his bike
and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt
D. hurt
Key:
1---5 BDDDC 6—10
BCBBC 11---15AABBA 16--20BABDB
26---30ADBBC
31---35DBADD 36---40BBABA 41---45CDDBB
46
----50AAACB 51---55DDACA 56---60BCBCC
21---25BADAA
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