ruff-拂晓的拼音
被动语态全解
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表
示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能
用于被动语态。
一.被动语态的时态:
1.一般现在时的被动语态: am is are
+动词的过去分词
2.一般过去时的被动语态: was were +动词的过去分词
3.一般将来时的被动语态: will be +动词的过去分词
4.现在进行时的被动语态: am is are +being +动词的过去分词
5.现在完成时的被动语态: have has +been +动词的过去分词
6.情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词
二.被动语态的基本用法:
(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时
The Great
Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the
world
English is widely spoken in the world
now.
(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
Mr. Wang is
invited to the meeting today .
The problem is
dealt with now .
(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时
It is
said that she was a beauty when she was young .
三.主动主动语态变被动语态的变法:
口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓变be done
,时不变,数格必须随被变。
注:1.主动、被动的时态要一致。
2.主动、被动的句式要一致。
3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
语态转换不被动语态的步骤
1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语
2,
把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词。
3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面
以它的宾格形式出现
(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有
必要,可以省略。
4, 其它成分不变
5, 被动语态中宾语的省略
被
动语态句式中的宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以
下情况时,表示动作执行者宾语常
常被省略。
(1) 动作执行者不确定时
Paper is made from
wood .
Many people are killed in traffic
accidents every year .
(2) 不必表明动作执行者时
English is also spoken as the second language
as well as one of the official
languages
Football is played in most schools。
(3 )
动作执行者为一般大众时
Both English and Spanish are
spoken in this area.
1
一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式
(1) 肯定式:主语+ was
were +过去分词+by
It was made in Beijing Ren'ai
Education Institute .
(2) 否定式:主语+was were +
not + 过去分词+ by
She was not given a paniting by
him .
This question was not discussed at the
meeting yesterday .
(3) 一般疑问句:Was Were +
主语+过去分词+by ?
Was it made of bamboo?
(4)
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+waswere + 过去分词+by
What was is made
of ?
教你一招
如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用dodoes
,被动语态用isam are
如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was
were .
由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式
(1)
肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice.
She ought to tidy up her bedroom----Her
bedroom ought to be tidied up.
You should buy
a dictionary at once ----A dictionary should be
bought at
once by you.
(2) 否定式:主语+
情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by
You must not take out
any books .- Any books mustn't be taken out by you
.
They needn't look after the little child
----The little child needn't be
looked after
(by them)
(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by
Can
you use it ?------Can it be used ?
常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare ,
need,should.
主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:
1, 当宾语是反身代词时
The man introduced himself as .
2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes
suit you?
We will have a meeting .
四.特殊情况的被动语态:
1.带双宾语的被动语态:
动词+ sb(间宾)
+sth(直宾)
口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to for 间宾连。
1).givepass show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth ——
sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .
2).buymakecook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb
+be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb
He
gave me a book
I ______ ______ a book by him.
A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .
My
mother made me a cake .
I ____ _____ a cake
by my mother
A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my
mother .
2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态:动词+ sb + do sth .
2
口诀:感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。
动词:make let have see hear feel watch
make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth
The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the
boss.
3. see hear notice keep +sb +doing sth
句型中变被动语态时doing 不
变。
I heard Tom singing
just now Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .
4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
We
should take care of the old . The old should
______ _____ _____ _____ .
五.注意事项:
1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态:
last ,have ,own
…..belong to ,suit…fine ,
2.不及物动词是没有被动语态:
happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)
3.系动词是没有被动语态:Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste
….
The dish tastes good .
4.有些词组没有被动语态:sell well , write well ,ride well
,drive well
This kind of skirt sells well.
表示需要时,后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done .
All the computers need repairing .=
All
the computers need _____ _____ _____ .
6.在too…to…及enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。
The
problem is too difficult to solve.
(一)
一、单项选择
( )1.—Do you often clean your
classroom?
—Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
A. clean cleaned cleaning
( )2.A talk
on developments in science and technology___in the
school hall
next week.
A. given be given
been given
( ) new book___ next month.
A.
will be published B. is publishing
C. is
being published D. has been published
(
)4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party?
—No,I____.
A. am not invited ’t
invited
’t invited ’t invite
(
)5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack?
—When
your homework___,you can.
A. is done done
( )—year—olds should not____to drive in China.
allow allowed d.
3
( )
him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I
asked him
what___.
happen happened ed
happened.
( ) book Business@the Speed of
Thought ___in 1999.
written written.
( ) and flowers__every year to make our
country more beautiful.
planted planted
planted planted.
( )’s sports stars Yao Ming
and Liu Xiang___Good Will
Ambassadors(亲善大使)for
Shang hai.
been named been named named
named.
( ) earth is our ___well.
be
protected protect
protect
protected.
( ) recent years, many children are
made ___ what they are not___.
do;interested
in do;interested
;interested
;interested.
( )13.___a new library____in your
school last year?
;built built built built.
( ) accident___on this road last week.
been happened happened happened ed.
( )
____in the southeast of China.
grown grown
.
( ) far, the moon___by man already.
A.
is visited be visited been visited visited.
( ) many trees ___this year?
planted
plant been planted d.
( )18.A lot of things
___by people to save the little girl now.
doing being done been done be done.
( )r of
them ___ in China
made made made .
( )!
A nice picture___for our teacher.
A. is
drawing being drawn been drawn .
( )
shoes___.You need a new pair.
out out worn
out worn.
( ) doctor___for yet.
’t sent
’t been sent ’t be sent ’t sent.
( )23—When
___this kind of computer___?
—Last year. use
;used used used
( ) Great Wall__about all
over the world.
known known.
(
)25.I___in summer.
born been born born.
( ) says that Mr Zhang___to the factory next
week.
sent send sent be sent.
4
( ) ___this book__?
;written
;written by written written
( ) ___show me
her new dictionary.
asked to asked to asked
to
( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.
told us told to us told us us
( ) monkey
was seen____out of the tree.
jump
(二)
二、单项选择
1 ( ) 1 The People's Republic of
China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was
founded C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2
English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are
spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( ) 3 This
English song___ by the girls after class.
A.
often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is
often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in
Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is
made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the
world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D.
have used
2 ( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm
sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's
been sold D. it had been sold
( ) 3 A new
house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is
building B. is being built C. been built D. be
building
( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I
leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left
D. has been left
( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every
part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C.
are needed D. will need
3( ) 1 Japanese ___ in
every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken
C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 2 These
papers___yet.
A. have not written B. have not
been written
C. has not written D. has not
been written
( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held
until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't
D. doesn't
4 ( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.-
___.
A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a
look at it.
C. How much do they cost? D. Can't
they mended?
( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired
yet? I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D.
Are
( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?
5
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
5( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting
held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting
wasn't held
( ) 2 Who was the book___?
A.
write B. wrote C. written D. written by
( ) 3
Where ___ these boxes made?
A. was B. were C.
is D. am
6( ) 1 The flowers___often.
A.
must be water B. must be watered C. must watered
D. must water
( ) 2 The books may___ for two
weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D.
borrow
( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr
Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be
mend D. can be mended
7( ) 1 The old bridge in
my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be
rebuilt B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be
rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt
( ) 2 The
play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is
going to be shown shown C. will show D. is shown
( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
8( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library
for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping
C. have been keeping D. have been kept
( ) 2
The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used;
keeping B. was used; keepingC. is used; to keep D.
are used; keep
( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of
China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D.
will grow
( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was
built
( ) 5 Wet clothes are often__up near a
fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B. hanged C.
hanging D. hung
9( ) 1 The river smells
terrible. People must __ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from
throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop from
throwing
( ) 2 The teapot ___ water.
A. is
filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and
___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak
D. spoken to
( ) 4 Old people must ___.
A.
look after well B. be looked well after
C.
looked well after D. be looked after well
10( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good
care of
6
C. take good care of
D. take good care
( ) 2 They were___ at the
sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C.
frighten D. frightens
( ) 3 These
walls___stones.
A. are made of B. made of C.
are made into D. made into
11( ) 1 Jane ___ to
sing us an American song last Saturday.
A.
called B. was asked C. told D. was said
( ) 2
The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show
C. shown D. have shown
( ) 3 The coat___her
sister.
to made for made for made to
12 ( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether
I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C.
had given D. was given
( ) 2 Good care____such
things.
A. should take of B. should be
taken
C. should be taking D. should be taken
of
( ) 3 She will____good care____.
;of
taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken;of you
13( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 2 The
boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A.
was made to clean B. made clean
C. made to
clean D. was made clean
( ) 3 These
children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were
seen for C. were seen D. saw to
14( ) 1 These
stones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits
D. is fitted
( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold
morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C.
held D. had
15 ( ) 1 Great changes___ in the
past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have
taken place C. were taking place D. had taken
place
( ) 2 You can't use the computer,
it____.
broken down wrong bad broken
down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country
during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B.
happened C. have been happened D. were happened
( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.A. sat B.
lain C. broken D. fell
16 ( ) 1 Please pass me
another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is
breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 2 The story
books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are
written B. were written C. are writing D. were
writing
( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every
day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is;
closed D. close
7
17 ( ) 1
Can he___ himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed
C. gets dressed D. instead of
( ) 2 He fell
from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets
hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
( ) 3 Lookout,
please keep away from the fire,or your trousers
will__.
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get
burnt
18 ( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A.
is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue
shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
( ) 3 What you said ___ like a good idea.
A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
19 ( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play?
-Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
( ) 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing B.
reading C. seen D. read
(一)参考答案
1~5CBABA 6~10CBDCB 11~15AABDA 16~20CCBAB
21~25CBBCB
26~30DBBBD
(二)参考答案:
1.
1-5 B D D D C 2. 1-5 B C B B C 3. 1-3 A B B 4.
1-3 A B A
5. 1-3 B D B 6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B
A 8. 1-5 D B B C D
9. 1-4 B A D D 10. 1-3 B
B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B
13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C
17. 1-3 B C D 18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B
8
9
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