切叶蚁-campagnolo
初中英语被动语态小结
一、语态概述
一般现在时:amisare+spoken
一般过去时:waswere+spoken
一般将来时:willshall be+spoken
现在进行时:amisare being+spoken
过去进行时:waswere
being+spoken
现在完成时:havehas been+spoken
过去完成时:had been + spoken
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new
computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不
知道电脑是谁偷的)
This bridge
was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was
broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was
written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must
be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及
原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him.
He was
laughed at by all people.
They make the
bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made
by them in the factory.
He cut down a
tree.
A tree was cut down by him.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由情态动词+be+过去
分词构成,原来带to的情
态动词变成被动语态后仍要保留。
We can
repair this watch in two days.
This watch
can be repaired in two days.
They should
do it at once.
It should be done at once.
六、特殊情况
hear notice see let
2.双宾语
3. 主动表被动:1、 Need, want,
require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be
worth
值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The
book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old
building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will
requireneed looking after (=need to be looked
after)
carefully.?这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair
wantsneeds cutting (needs to be cut).?你的头发该剪了。? <
br>2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子
中与另
一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。
I have much work to
do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)
Tom is
looking for a room to live in.
Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,
与Tom 有主谓关系)
He
has a family to
support.?他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓
关系)
3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式;
动
词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如
difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的),
convenient(便利的,方便的), hard, cheap,
expensive,
等,不定式用主动表被动。
The question is difficult to
answer. 这个问题很难回答。
The work is easy to do.
这项工作很好做。
I found the car comfortable to ride
in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
That makes poetry difficult to
write. 那就使得诗很难写。
4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通
常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不
定式的主动形式表示被动意义:?
Who is to
blame for starting the fire??
这场火灾应由谁负责??
You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。
The house is to let.此房出租。?
A lot remains
to do.还剩下许多事情要做。?
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),
sound
(听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到),
look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:?
Your reason sounds
reasonable.?
你的理由听起来很合理。?
Good medicine
tastes bitter to the mouth.?良药苦口。?
6、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有:
lock(锁住), shut(关上) ,
open(打开), act(上演), write(
写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,
用主动表被动。例如:?
The door won''t open.这门打不开。?
It can''t
move.它不能动。?
7、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗),
clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如
well(好),
easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用
,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,
结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:?
The
book sells well.?这种书很畅销。?
These clothes wash
easily.?这些衣服很易洗。?
The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。
8、主语much, a great deal,
little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表
被动。
What
is to do? 做什么?
Much is to do. 太多要做的事。
9、在“there
be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动
意义。
There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。
I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。
10.表示开始,结束-start begin open close finish stop
end??
The door opened and in came Mr Smith.
初中英语被动语态专项练习
( ) 1 The
People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was
found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A.
speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( )3 This English song___ by the girls after
class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is
often sang D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind
of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is
making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all
over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are
used D. have used
( ) 6 Our room must ___
clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to
keep
( ) 7 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___. A. it sold B. it's selling
C. It's been sold D. it
had been sold
(
)8A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built
D. be building
( ) 9 The key ___ on the table
when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C.
is left D. has been left
( ) 10 Doctors ___
in every part of the world.
A. need B. are
needing C. are needed D. will need
( )11 His
new book___ next month.
be published B. is
publishing C. is being published D. has been
published
( ) 12 Japanese ___ in every
country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is
speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 13 These
papers___yet.
not written B. have not
been written
C. has not written D. has not
been written
( ) 14 The sports meet ___ be
held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C.
isn't D. doesn't
( ) 15 -My
shoes are worn out.
A. Can't they be mended?
B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do
they cost? D. Can't they mended?
( ) 16 ___
the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
( ) 17___
these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
( ) 18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting
held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting
wasn't held
( ) 19 Who was the book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
( ) 20 Where ___ these boxes
A. was B.
were C. is D. am
( )21 The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must
watered D. must water
( ) 22 The books may___
for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C.
keep D. borrow
( ) 23 The broken bike____
here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C.
can be mend D. can be mended
( ) 24 The old
bridge in my hometown___ next month.
going to
be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
C. are going to
be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt
( ) 25
The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is
going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is
shown
( ) 26 The old stone bridge ___ next
week.
going to be rebuilt B. will be
rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt D. will
rebuild
( )27Now these magazines___ in the
library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are
keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
( ) 28The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
;
keeping B. was used; keeping
C. is used;
to keep D. are used; keep
( )29Tea ___ in
the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C.
were grown D. will grow
( ) 30 The bridges___
two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were
built D. was built
( ) 31 Wet clothes are
often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A.
hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
( )32 The
river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty
things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be
stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D.
stop from throwing
( ) 33 The teapot ___
water.
A. is filled with B. filled of C.
fulling of D. filled
( ) 34Old people must be
looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D.
spoken to
( ) 35 Old people must ___.
A.
look after well B. be looked well after
C.
looked well after D. be looked after well
(
) 36 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are
taken good care B. are taken good care of
C.
take good care of D. take good care
( )37
They were___ at the sudden noise.
A.
frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
( ) 38These walls___stone.
made of B.
made of C. are made into D. made into
( )
39 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last
Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D.
was said
( )40 The papers ___ to them.
A.
were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown
(
) 41 The coat___her sister.
A. made to B. were
made for C. was made for D. was made to
( )
42 I___ five minutes to decide whether I should go
or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D.
was given
( ) 43 Good care____such things.
A. should take of B. should be taken
C.
should be taking D. should be taken of
( )
44She will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be
taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
( )45The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 46
The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to
clean D. was made clean
( ) 47 These
children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were
seen for C. were seen D. saw to
( ) 48
Thesestones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit
C. fits D. is fitted
( )49 The bike ___
500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost
D. is costed
( )50 The important meeting ___
on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was
held C. held D. had
( ) 51 Great changes___
in the past ten years in China.
A. took place
B. have taken place C. were taking place D.
hadtaken place
( ) 52 You can't use the
computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is
wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
( ) 53
Great changes___in our country during the past 20
years.
happened B. happened
C. have
been happened D. were happened
( ) 55 The
watch has often ___ down.
A.
sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
( ) 56
Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is
broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( )
57 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing
D. were writing
( ) 58 What time ___ the door
___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close
C. is; closed D. close
( )59 Can
he___himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C.
gets dressed D. instead of
( )60 He fell from
his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C.
got hurt D. hurt
Key:
1---5
BDDDC 6—10 BCBBC 11---15AABBA 16--20BABDB
26---30ADBBC 31---35DBADD 36---40BBABA 41
---45CDDBB
46----50AAACB 51---55DDACA 56---
60BCBCC
21---25BADAA
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