孤字开头的成语-传染英语
中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析
【
命题趋势
】
被动语态是各地中考重要考点之一,考察内容主要是
一般现在时、一般过去
时、一般将来时、现在完成时以及含有情态动词的被动,考察题型主要是选
择题,词汇应用和翻译句子等,预计2019年被动语态的考察重在适当语境中
应用被动,动词填空,
完成句子等为主考点。
【
概念讲解
】
语态是动词的一种形式
,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两
种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的
执行者;被动语态表
示主语是动作的承受者,汉语往往用‘被’,‘受’,‘给’等词来表示被
动意义,英语里的被字句就叫被动。
被动语态由“助动词be +
及物动词的过去分词”构成
。
Eg:
He wrote the
letter. (主动语态)
The letter was written by
him. (被动语态)
被动语态的时态变化只变be的形式,be后面的
过去分词
不变,也就是说被动结构中助动词be有
人称、数和时态的变化
【
主动语态变被动的方法
】
1. 把主动语态里的宾语变为被动里的主语
2. 把主动语态里的谓语动词加be作为被动里的谓语
3.
把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。(①by短语可省略,②
1
by后的代词用宾格)
【
主动变被动解题步骤
】
1. 找宾语
----即动作的承受者
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数
3.
判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的形式
----即原句动词改为过去分词
5. 修改原句的主语
----即by+(原主语代词则用宾格).
Eg: They make shoes
in that factory.
Shoes are made by
them
主变宾,宾变主, 谓动be done
时不变,人称、数、格随着变
小试牛刀
:
(2018宁夏模拟)
teenagers
have to be 18 years old before they ____to
drive a car.
A are allowed B is
allowed C will be allowed D allow
【
被动的几种句式
】
肯定句:主+be +
过去分词+(by ~)
否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by ~)
一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by ~)?
特殊疑问句:疑问词(5W1H)+be+主语+过去分词+ (by ~) ?
小试牛刀:
(2018宁夏预测卷)English is widely used around the
world.(试变成以上几
种句式)
2
【
考点归纳:
】
1、
五种常考基本时
态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成
时)和带情态动词的被动语态用法。
①一般现在时:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
Eg:I'm asked to
take care of myself.
Football is played all
over the world
②一般过去时:waswere + 及物动词的过去分词
Eg:The house was built in 1988
His leg was broken in the car accident
③.一般将来时:willshall +be +及物动词的过去分词
Eg:More factories will be built in the future.
④ 现在完成时:havehas been +过去分词
Eg :We
have
been learnt
English for 15 years.
Luxun’ s book
has been translated
into
many languages.
⑤.带情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+ be
+过去分词”构成
。
Eg: Teenagers should be allowed
to choose their own clothes.
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时
,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”
构成,即canmaymustshould + be+过去分词
1. We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
2. They should do it at once.
→It
should be done at once.
【
主变被的特殊情况
】
1.
感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
3
即feel , hear , listen , have ,
make , let , look , watch ,
see , notice
,
这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但
变被动句时必须加to.
Eg: He made the boy work for two hours
yesterday.(他昨天让那男
孩工作了两小时)
→The boy was
made to work by him for two hours yesterday
.
never lets me watch TV .
→I am
never let to watch TV by mother.
2、
含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的用法
:
英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语,如 tell, show, buy, ask,
pass, write, do, make,sell, send, sing, give,
answer,
teach, offer, pay, promise, allow等,即是说
这些动词后面会
同时出现人和物做宾语,指物的叫直接宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾
语。变为被动
语态时如果指物的宾语作主语,指人的宾语前要用介
词for或to。
常见的接双宾语的动词有:
to: pass, give, teach,
show, bring, hand
for: make, buy, draw,
sing, get,
以“人”当主语时,变法和一般的变法一样;
以“物”当主语时,在保留的间接宾语(人)前必须加
to或for.
Eg:he
gave me a book.
I was given a book by
him.
4
A book was
given to me by him.
3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
不及物动词
没有宾语,因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词
后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后,其作
用相当于及
物动词,才可以接宾语,因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语
态时,不能去掉构
成短语动词的介词或副词. 常见动词短语的被动
语态
take care of
-be taken care of
cut down -be cut down
laugh at -be laughed at
look
after-be looked after
下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加-by
be covered
with …用…覆盖着
be interested in …对…感兴趣
be surprised at …对…感到惊奇
be made of
(from)用…制造的
【
常见被动句式
】
在汉语中,有一类句子不需要出现主语,在英语中一般可用被
动结构来表示,例如:
1.据说…… It is said that …
2.据报导…… It is reported that …
3.据推测…… It
is supposed that …
5
4.希望…… It is hoped that …
5.众所周知…… It is
well known that …
6.普遍认为…… It is generally
considered that …
7.有人建议…… It is suggested
that …
is(was)agreed(believeddecidedhopedthou
ght......)
that......大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为).....
9 It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然
must be remembered that......务必记住......
11. It mustn’t be forgotten
that......千万别忘记......
is(was)said(reported,he
ard,told,suggested)that......
据说(报道、听说、告知、建议...
...)
例句:
1) It is reported that it is
going to rain
tomorrow.
2) It is well
known that Thomas Edison invented the
electric
lamp.
.
【
典型例题
】
( )1.The
Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held B were held C.are holding D.will
ho1d
( )2. In the art show,a lot of enjoyment
_ _to foreign friends
6
by the Chinese paintings.
A. is giving
D has given
B is given C will give
( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more
popular. It
_________in. many schools around
the world.
A. teaches
D. is
taught
B. is teaching C. has taught
( )4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in
China, ________as
A. is regarded B.
has regarded C. is regarding
D. regards
( )5. Usually computers _________to search
the Internet.
A. use B. are using
C. are used
D. used
( )6. --Do you
often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our
classroom __________every day.
A. clean
B. cleans C. is
cleaned
( )7.一Did
you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes.In fact,it ____.That's all because
of the people
7
and the
factories around.
A. polluted B was
polluted C
polluted D.was po11ute
has
( )8. --Our environment is getting
worse than before.
--You're right.
But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have
done more and more useful things to
protect(保护)the earth
since Earth Day.
A.
is started B. was started C.
has started
( )9. ---I feel very happy
that I ____to be the host.
---Congratulations!
A. choose B. am
chosen C. was chosen D.
haven chosen
(
)10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school
last
year,and they made our school a beautiful
garden.
A.plant B.planted C.have
planted
D.were planted
( ) famous
paintings __________in the hall next
week.
A. will show B. were shown C.
is
8
shown D. will
be shown
( )12. A talk on developments in
science and technology
in the school
hall next week .
A. given B. will be
given C. has been given
D. gives
(
)13.---Great changes have taken place in this
city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings
have been ______
these days.
A. turned
up B. put up C. shown up
D. fixed
up
( )-year-olds should not to
drive in
China.
A. allow B. be
allow C. allowed
D. be allowed
( )15. —Do you often clean your classroom?
—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D.
Cleaned
三、课后练习
( )1.—Susan, why are you
still here? They are all ready to
start.
9
–I’m sorry, but I _____
when to meet.
A. don’t tell B.
didn’t tell C. haven’t
told D.
wasn’t told
( )2.Many old houses around our
school ____ next year and
a large green area
will appear.
A. pull down B. will be
pulled down C. will pull
down D. are pulled
down
( )3.--- My watch ______.
---
Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C.
has
found D. has stopped
(
)4.---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?
---No, I___________.
A. am not invited B.
wasn’t invited C. haven’t
invited D. didn’t
invite
( )5.-- How often ______ your school
sports meeting
______?
-- Once a year.
A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is;
held
D. did; hold
10
( )6.On May 30th, , one bowl in
the Ming dynasty (明朝)
_______ at the price of
30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.
A. sell
B. sold C. is
sold D.
was sold
( )7.The
as the best
performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.
A. has been regarded B. are regarded C.
regarded D. regards
( )8.—Those eggs
of different colors are very beautiful.
—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.
A.
painted B. were painting C.
painted
D. had painted
( )9.---Don’t litter the
ground, boy ,Look at the sign::
“Rubbish
into the dustbin.”
---Sorry.
A, has
throw B, was throw C,
must
throw D , must be thrown
( )10.The
29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008.
A.will hold B will be held C.hold
( )11. The girl was often heard
happily in her
11
has
were
room.
A. sing B. to sing
C. singing D. sings
( )12. It is reported
that more new teaching buildings
_________ in
our school in the next term.
A. will be built
B. was built C. has built
D. will
build
( )13. It is reported that more new
teaching buildings
_________ in our school in
the next term.
A. will be built B. was
built C. has built
D. will build
( )14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by
the police
yesterday.
A. is taken B.
was taken C. takes
D. took
(
)15. --It’s difficult for the village children to
cross the river
for school.
--I think a
bridge _________ over the river.
A. was built
B. is being built C. has been built
D.
should be built
( )16. --David, turn off the
TV________ no one is watching
it.
12
--But it ________ off
already! The music is from the radio.
A. so
that, has been turned B. when, has
turned
C. if, has been turned
D. because, has
turned
( )17. Usually
John to school in his father’s
beautiful car.
A. has taken B. is
taking C. is taken
D. has been
taken
( )18. Don’t put off today’s work for
tomorrow. I mean,
today’s work _________
today.
A. may do B. must do C.
may be done
D. must be done
( )19.--
Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.
A. was building B. was built
built
(
)20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner
unless
you _________ to do so.
A. ask
B. are asked C.
C. has built D. is
will ask
13
D. will
be ask
14
一般现在时
1A 。[解
析]考查被动语态,根据句意,“奥运会每四年举行一次”
可见须用一般现在时的被动语态,故排除了B
、C、D。
2[答案]B。[解析]本题考查被动语态,句中a lot of enjoyment
是
动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中,一些有趣的东西通过中国国
画展示给外国朋友。” 3[答案]D。[解析]考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语
态。但如果动词指的是物的特
性,不能用被动语态。
4[答案]A。[解析]
选用一般现在时态的被动语态,表示人们对这
位伟大作家的爱戴。
5[答案]C
。[解析]从句子看,电脑作主语,是动作的承受者,所
以用被动语态,故选C。
6. [答
案]C。[解析]考查被动语态物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。
但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被
动语态。
一般过去时
1[答案]B。考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但
如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。
2[答案]B。 [解析]从句意:“……自
从‘地球日’开始以来,人
们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知,“地球日”的开
始
,要用一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为was started故选B。
3. We
________into five groups to go to the old people's
home. We
did many things to cheer them up.
[太原市]
A. divided B. are divided
C.
were divided
3[答案]C。[解析]本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根
据句意及语
境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句did many
things.”可推断,时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。
4C 5D
一般将来过去
15
1[答案]D。[解析]
本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”,
在此为动作“展出”的承受者,故应用被动语态,时间
状语为
next
week,是表示将来的时间状语,所以句子时态是一般将来时,
所以D项正确。
2B
答案B
答案:D。情态动词用于被动结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
答案为C。句中有every day,主语为our
classroom,故要用一般
现在时的被动语态。
【参考答案】
1.答案D 解析:依据句意:对不起,但我不知道什么时候见面。
强调动作发生在过去,I
和tell之间是被动关系。
2.答案B 解析:由题干时间next year
科知识将来时态,句子
主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。
3.答案A
解析:由Let’s go to the Lost & Found.可知,说明表丢
失了。故选
4.答案B 解析:由Did you go to Sam’s weekend
party?可知陈述
过去的动作的发生,I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。
5.答案C 解析:How often+一般疑问句?此句型用来提问在某
一特定时间内进行
某个动作的次数,表示“多长时间一次”。往往
针对频度副词如:always, seldom,
usually, once a month, sometimes,
every five
minutes.等提问,常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your
school sports
meeting 作主语,谓语应用被动语态。故选C。
6.答案D 解析:由On May
30th, ,可知动作发生在过去;其主
语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。
7.答案A 解析:依据题意: “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央
电视台春节联欢晚会最好
的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某
一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果,应用现在完成时。其主语是<
br>
16
The ,要用被动语态。故选A。
8.答案C 解析:they指代Those eggs of different
colors,主语是
物,故用被动语态。依据结构,应选C.。
9.答案D
解析:依据句意:垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命
令”,句子主语是垃圾,应用被动语态。
10.答案B解析:考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in
2008可知
是将来时,运动会应该是“被举行”,所以使用一般将来时的被动
语态:will
+be+过去分词。
11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省
略
to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,而在被动语态中动词不定式
符号to需补上。由关键信息was
often heard可直接断定正确答案
为B。
12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term
可知要
用一般将来时,先排除B、C二项;另结合题意“据报道
我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可
知要用被动语
态,故舍D选A。
13选A
14选B。由时间状语yesterda
y可知本题要用一般过去时,先排
除A、C二项;另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态,故舍D选B。
15选D
16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。
结合题意“如果没有人看
电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句;另由关键信息
“The
music is from the
radio.”可知“(电视)已经关掉了”,要用现
在完成时的被动语态,故正确答案为C。
17选C
18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须
在今天被
做完”可知本题要用被动语态,先排除A、B二项;结
合题意可舍C选D。
17
19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800
years
ago可知要用一般过去时,先排除C、D二项;另结合题意“它(古
老的宫殿)
在近800年前被建造的”可舍A选B。
20选B
18
4用英语怎么写-稻飞虱
非常好的英文怎么写-老人之家
凄惨的近义词-饥荒芝士蛋糕
自得其乐的意思-狒怎么读
金色的鱼钩读后感-土贼
英文网名男-幼齿
什么的竹竿-公共绿地
什么是蒸馏水-外交学院考研
-
上一篇:初中英语被动语态大全
下一篇:初中英语被动语态知识点归纳