高中英语被动语态

高中英语被动语态
语 态
英语中的谓语动词有时态、语态和语气三种形式。语态主要表示主语和谓语动词的不同关系。
分类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
概念
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。（即：主语发出动作）
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。（即：主语不能发出动作）
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
三、构成
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，
而英语用：助动词be+ 及物动词的过去分词构成。
四、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词b e的变化形式完全一样。〔注〕被动语态没有将来进
行时和过去将来进行时。
五、被动语态常用的时态 （以do为例）
时态 主动形式 被动形式
1.一般现在时 dodoes amisare + done（be随人称变化）
2. 一般过去时：did waswere done
3. 一般将来时：will do will be done
4. 过去将来时：would do would be done
5. 现在进行时：amisare doing amisare being done（前面的be随人称变化，后面的being
固定）
6. 过去进行时：waswere doing waswere being done
7. 现在完成时：havehas done havehas been done
8.现在完成进行时havehas been doinghavehas been being done
9. 过去完成时：had done had been done
10. 有情态动词： 情态动词+do 情态动词+ be+ done
11.含有不定式结构：to do to be done
六、主动语态变被动语态的步骤
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+ 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，如不必强调动作的执行者by短语可以省略。
七、被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
My watch was stolen.
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
The cup was broken by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+ 名词作状语，
而代替by短语。
These cars were made in China.
八、语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与
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高中英语被动语态
新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought.
I was given a present on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teac
h, tell等。
The magazine was passed on to me.
一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, ord
er, paint, play, sing等。
Mother made me a new skirt.
A new skirt was made for me.
有些既不用to也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。
He ask me a question. A question was asked of me.
People all over the world know the Great Wall.
The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语)
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整 体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，
介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, thi
nk of, talk about等。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
如
bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on,
point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out
等。
His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主 动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾
语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：We always keep the classroom clean.
The classroom is always kept clean.
She told us to follow her instructions.
We were told to follow her instructions.
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾
语补足语的动词不定式 都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是
说不定式作主语补足语不存 在省略to的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar.
He is often heard to play the guitar.
The earthquake made the road fall onto another one below.
The road was made to fall onto another one below by the earthquake.
注意：带有复合 宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把
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高中英语被动语态
宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：
Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love appl
es.误：Love apples were called them.
正：They were called love apples.
5. 还有一种短语动词由动词+ 名词+ 介词构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下：
We take good care of the books.
The books are taken good care of.
6. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为
anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
Nobody can answer this question.
The question can not be answered by anybody.
7. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变
为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
8. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：
Who wrote the story?
By whom was the story written?
9. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, e asily等副词连用时，表示主语内
在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语 态，常见的有：
write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。如：
The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。
The books sell well. (主动句)
对比：
The books were sold out. (被动句)
The meat didn't cook well. (主动句)
对比：
The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句)
10. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，
look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
——Do you like the material?
——Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
The food tastes delicious.
误：The food is tasted delicious.
The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：
He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
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高中英语被动语态
误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：
take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。
如：
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
1)When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
2)After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽 象名词等，不能变为被动
句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误：Each other is loved.
11. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示，如：
据说……It is said that… .
英语专题 被动语态
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有 两种：主动语
态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被 动语态
是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被 ”、
“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）

二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动 词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，
过去分词部分不变。疑问 式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：


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高中英语被动语态

2、被动语态的句式变化：
以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：



3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；
其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。
如：Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）

三、被动语态的用法：
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
如：The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。

2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可
以省略。
如：The room hasn't been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。

3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
如：The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。

4、表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词”句型。
如：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.) 大家相信他是
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高中英语被动语态
个间谍。

其它常见的“It is + 过去分词+ that”句型还有：
It is reported that…据报道
It is said that…据说
It is believed that…大家相信
It is suggested that…有人建议

四、主动语态变为被动语态
转换图示：





























1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语：
注意：
如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。
如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
(2)将动词改为“be+过去分词”。
注意：


They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
(3)将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。
注意：
如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
如：He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.


2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
(1)主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”
的单词，变为被动句时，通 常删去“by…”，但原主语被强调 时除外。
如：They set up this hospital in 1975.→This hospital was set up in 1975.
这所医院建于1975年。
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高中英语被动语态
Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作。
The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。
(2)含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语 的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被
动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
如：Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told (to) us by Jack.

五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等。
下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，have
如：An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.（）
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
This book sells well.这本书畅销。

六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1．一般现在时（am is are +done）
如：English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。

2．一般过去时(was were +done)
如：The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。

3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will shall be +done；wouldshould be +done)
如：A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。

4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am is are being +done；was were being +done)
如：The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修
理。
The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。

5．现在完成时(have has been + done)
如：Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict.
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高中英语被动语态
在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。

6．过去完成时(had been+done)
如：They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说他们已经被邀请参加晚会了。
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧
毁。
He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。


据报导……It is reported that…
据推测……It is supposed that…
希望……It is hoped that…
众所周知……It is well known that…
普遍认为……It is generally considered that…
有人建议……It is suggested that…
1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行 语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟
练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词- ing形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，
都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。
动词不定式主动表被动的情况：
在某些情况下,虽然表示被动意思, 用的却是不定式的主动形式。常见的有下列几种情况:
一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。
1）have（give, show）sth. to do
在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I
have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。
否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较:
Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗?
（to do是由you发出的）
Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? （谁带不得而
知）再如:
Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。
He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。
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高中英语被动语态
2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋ n. ＋to do
在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如:
This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。
question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。再如:
It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。
3）There ＋be ＋n. ＋to do
在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作
定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如:
没有时间可以耽误。可译成:
There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost,
谁 lost time不明确。
但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同:
a. There is nothing to do now. （＝We have nothing to do now. ）现在没事干。
b. There is nothing to be done. （＝We can do nothing now. ）现在没办法了。
a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。
b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不见什么东西。
二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型
有:
1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do
The question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。
The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。
2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do
The thing is too small to see. 这东西太小看不见。
I was too excited to say a word. 我激动得连一句话也说不出。
3）n. ＋be ＋adj. ＋enough to do
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高中英语被动语态
The box is light enough to carry. 这盒子轻得可带走。
The book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。
但下列两句可用不定式的主动式, 也可用被动式:
This plant is fit to eat ／to be eaten. 这种植物可以食用。
The cake is ready to eat ／to be eaten. 这块饼可以吃了。
三、某些动词, 如to let, to blame （责备）, to seek（寻找）用主动式表被动意义。
例如:
The house is to let. 这房子要出租。
Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁?
The reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。
练习: 选择填空。
1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________.
a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on
2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________.
a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating
3. It is difficult for a foreigner __________ Chinese.
a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written
4. I have no more letters __________, thank you.
a. to type b. typing
c. to be typed d. typed
5. The car is rather difficult __________.
a. to repair b. to be repaired
c. repairing d. being repaired
6. He was nowhere __________.
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高中英语被动语态
a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen
7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children.
a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying
8. We waited for the work __________.
a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done
答案:
1—5BBBAA 6—8 BAD
英语主动表被动用法归纳

一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形

(1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系
动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式：
That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。

(2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动
形式表示被动意义：
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。

【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：
The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)
The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关)

有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同：
Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者)
The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者)

(3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，
通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：

The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft.
这乳酪不容易切，太软了。
This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。

【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且 在用于以上意思时通常不
宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍 有不同(用主动形
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高中英语被动语态
式表示 主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：
The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义)
The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好)

另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态：
The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。
Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?

(4) 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的
执行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义：
When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？
The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。

(5) 有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义：
Where is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映?
My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。
Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。

二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的八种情形
(1) 不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？
The house is to let. 此屋出租。

(2) 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。
Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。
Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗?

【注】 ①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用 被动
形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, dangerous,
difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky,
unpleasant 等。
② 有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义
It’s a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。
It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。
③ 有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit, ready, free等)，其中的不定式用主动式和被
动式均可：
The water is not fit to drink [to be drunk]. 这水不适合饮用。
The letters are ready to post [to be posted]. 这信已准备好可以寄了。

(3) 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定
式的逻辑主语就是句子的 主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义：
I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。
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高中英语被动语态
I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)

(4) 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的 直接宾语后作定语时，如果
不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义 ：
Give me some magazines to read. 给我几本杂志看。
He lent me some magazines to read. 他借给我一些杂志看。

【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语，则应用被动式，比较：
He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。
He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room.他将带你去看看用作会议室的房
间
但有时两者区别不大：
Give me a list of the people to invite [to be invited]. 把需要邀请的人员名单给我。

(5) 不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时，可用主动，也可用被动，有时含义差不多
There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了。

但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb，用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb)：
There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意)
There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了)
There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。(即不值一看)
There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看)

涉及副词enough和too的主动表被动。在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中，
若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但也
可直接用被动式)：
The writing is too faint to read [to be read]. 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。
These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform.
这些箱子不够牢,不能
用作站台。

但在某些特别强调被动意义的语境中，可能用被动式更恰当：
He spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他说话的声音太低，听不见。
He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. 他太年轻，不能送到美国去深造。
(7) be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动：
In all, the book is worth reading. 总之，这本书值得一读。
This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。
【注】与worth相似的worthy却不一 样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词
of)，且要用被动式表示被动含义：
This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。

(8) 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义：
The plants want watering every day. 这些花草得天天浇水。
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高中英语被动语态
This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了。
【注】① 以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义：
This sentence needs explaining [to be explained]. 这个句子需要解释。
② 它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义：
It needs no explanation. 它无需解释。
This plan requires careful consideration. 这项计划需要仔细考虑。`

三、介词短语用主动表被动的六种情形

(1) “beyond+名词”：
The rumor is beyond belief. 这谣言难以置信。
The children were beyond control. 这些孩子不听管教。
【注】 这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有beyond
compare(无可比拟)，beyond description(难以形容)，beyond (all) doubt(毫无疑问)，beyond
expression(无法形容)，beyond suspicion(无可怀疑)，等。

(2)“in+名词”短语：
When was paper money in use in China? 中国什么时候开始使用纸币？
Please do not enter the classroom while a lesson is in progress. 上课时请勿进教室。
【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有 in
action(在运转)，in sight(看得见)，in (good) repair(维修良好的)，in store(贮藏着)等。

(3) “in course of+名词”短语：
The new railway is in course of construction. 新铁路正在兴建当中。
The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
【注】有些类似的短语有the表被动，无the表主动：
in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由…负责
in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被…拥有

(4)“on+名词”短语：
The building is on fire. 那幢房子正在燃烧。
Every article on view will be on sale. 每件展品都将出售。
【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有on
trial(在试用)，on display(在展出)，on show(在展出)，on exhibition(在展出)等。

(5)“under+名词”短语：
The new music hall is under construction. 新的音乐大厅正在修建中。
Your proposal is under consideration. 你的提议正在考虑中。

【注】 这类短语的名词前不用冠词，类似的还有under arrest(被逮捕)，under attack(受到袭击)，
under discussion(在讨论中)， under examination(在检查或调查中)，under medical
treatment(在治疗中)，under repair(在修缮中)，under review(在检查中)，under study(在研
究中)。

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高中英语被动语态
(6) 其他介词短语。除以上提到的几种情况外，还有一些介词短语也可表示被动意义，如for
sale(供出售)，for rent(供出租)，at one’s service(听凭某人使用)，above reproach(无可指
责，无可非议)，above suspicion(不受怀疑)，above criticism(无可指责)，within sight(看得
见)等。
使用被动语态“六注意”


一要注意被动语态的不同时态
被动语态由“be+过去分词”，其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如：
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)
The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)
They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)
二要注意带情态动词的被动语态
该结构 的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作
为语境题出 现在考卷中。如：
The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。
三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如：
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。
2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如：
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护，他感到很安全。
4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我
去讲话，我明天就得做准备。
The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不
谈下去。
5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。
He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。
This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。
6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专
业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在
接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。
注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如：
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
四要注意“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态
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高中英语被动语态
英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。如：
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
How did that window get opened? 那个窗户是如何打开的？
但总的说来， 用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见，尤其是在含有施动者的
by短语时，用get 构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时，人
们可能会选get+过 去分词来避免这种误解：
The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。 窗户被打破了(表动作)
The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)

五要注意哪些动词不用于被动语态

1. 不及物 动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主
语，故不能用于被动语 态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及
物”的，很容易出错，这类 动词如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break
out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，aris e(出现，发生)等：

Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。

Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。

2. 英语中的静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态：

My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。

The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。

六要注意两类被动句型的相互转换

英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子。如：

People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。

It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。

She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。

比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+b e+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语
+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前 一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类
被动句型的动词有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose,
think, understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：

It’s known that he was a good singer. He is known to have been a good singer. 大
家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。

It’s reported that he was driving fast. He is reported to have been driving fast. 据
说他当时车开得很快。




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