中考英语被动语态

初中英语被动语态专项讲解
一、语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子 之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种
语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg：Many people speak
Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。eg：Chinese is
spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态 的变化
是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个
助动词 构成。)
各种时态的被动语态构成：
1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：I'm asked to take care of myself.
Football is played all over the world

2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：This house was built in 1958.
His leg was broken in an accident.

3.一般将来时：will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：More factories will be built in our city.
He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.

4.现在进行时：am／is／are being＋及物动词的过去分词.
Eg： A road is being built around the mountain.
Many new houses are being built in this city

5.过去进行时：waswere being＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there.
We were being trained this time last year.

6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages.
The prices of many goods have been cut again .
7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词
Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.

8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.

三、被动语态的基本用法
一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候 就尽量不去用被动语态。
只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。
eg：1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗
了。
2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，
教室的前窗被打
2.没不要说出动作的执行者是谁。
Eg:1).The time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了
2).China was founded in 1949.
3.不愿意说出动作的执行者，其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等。在这种情况下，
有时常用一些句式，如说……），
that …报道……），It is well known that …（众所周知… …）It is
supposed that（据推测说… …） ，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped
that…大家希望，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据
建议等等’。 eg: is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.
据说她要
嫁给一个外国人。
is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy
is
said to have passed the national exam. ）

4.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
Eg:1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
2).his book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
3）.Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完
成。
注：使用被动语 态的情况口诀：动作谁做的不知道，谁说出的不必要。接受动作
需强调，用被动语态最为妙。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法：
1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和
数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
He plant trees in spring .
Trees are planted in spring by him .
主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be
关键。
All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.→The bikes are made by them in the
factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.

被动语态中“by+宾语”的省略： < br>被动语态句式中的“by+宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者，但是在遇到
以下情况时，表 示动作执行者“by+宾语”常常被省略。
1. 动作执行者不确定时
Eg: is made from wood .
people are killed in traffic accidents every day .
2. 不必表明动作执行者时
Eg：h is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the
official languages .
ll is played in most school .
3. 动作执行者为一般大众时.
Eg: English and Spanish are spoken in this area .
is made the monitor of the class today .

初中英语被动语态专项练习
一．单项选择
People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
h ____ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is
spoken
English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
kind of car ___ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
room must ___ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
7.-I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
8.A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
s ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
new book___ next month. be published B. is publishing
C. is being published D. has been published
se ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
papers___yet. not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
15.-My shoes are worn out.-----
A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.

C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?
16.___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
17.___ these desks be needed?
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held C. wasn't held a
meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
was the book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
___ these boxes made?
A. was B. were C. is D. am
二．用动词 show 的被动语态填空
1). I know a new film______________ at the cinema every week
2). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema last week.
3). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema these days.
4). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema at eight last night
5). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema recently
6). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema by the end of last week
7). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema in two days
三．将下列句子变成被动语态
speak English in many countries.

built this bridge last year.

tiger in the z00 frightened the little girl.

Liu has invited you to a lunch party.

must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.

shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.

anybody fed the birds?

will never forget the accident.

may write this letter in pencil.

are repairing the car in the garage.

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