moot-fiji
2020年初三英语
被动语态
【概念引入】
一、含有被动语态的名言欣赏
Life is measured by thought
and action, not by time.
衡量生命的尺度是思想和行动，而不是时间长短。
Men are known by
his companions.
观其友而知其人。
Rome was not
built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的。
A friend
without fault will never be found.
没有缺点的朋友永不可得。
二、被动语态的概念
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak Chinese.
许多人说汉语。
谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
Chinese is
spoken by many people. 汉语被许多人说。
主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
【用法讲解】
一、被动语态结构
一般现在时：am is are +及物动词的过去分词
You are
wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。
一般过去时：was were
+及物动词的过去分词
China was liberated in 1949.
1949年中国解放。
一般将来时：will shall be +及物动词的过去分词
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
现在完成时：have has been
+及物动词的过去分词
Not a book in the library has
been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
现在进行时：am is
are being +及物动词的过去分词
My bike is being
repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。
过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词
The book had been borrowed when I got to the
library.
我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
二、主动语态与被动语态的转换
1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2）把谓语变为被动结构（be＋过去分词）
注意：根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
All the
people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。
→He was
laughed at by all people.
They make the
bikes in the factory. 他们在那家工厂制造自行车。
2020年初三英语
→ The bikes are made by
them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
他砍倒了一棵树。
→ A tree was cut down by him.
4）含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。
Little
Tom can work out this maths problem easily.
小汤姆能容易地做出这道数学题。
→ This maths problem can be
easily work out by little Tom.
They should
do it at once. 他们应该立刻做那件事。
→It should be
done at once.
5) 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态的双宾语句式: 主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+其他
被动语态的双宾语句式:
间接宾语+be+过去分词+直接宾语+其他
或:直接宾语+be +过去分词+介词(for to)+间接宾语+其他
My father
gave me a new book on my birthday.
我的父亲在我生日那天给我一本新书。
→ I was given a new book
on my birthday (by my father).
→ A new book
was given to me on my birthday (by my father).
My father bought me a new computer yesterday.
我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。
→ I was bought a new
computer yesterday (by my father).
→ A new
computer was bought for me yesterday (by my
father)
6) 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾
语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的
宾语补足语不动。
His teacher found him a very good pupil.
他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。
→ He was found a very good
pupil by his teacher.
7) 在主动句中, let, make,
see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要还原to。
Linda’s parents make her practice the piano every
Sunday.
→Linda is made to practice the piano
every Sunday.
8) 有些及物动词如have(有), reach, cost等,
以及有些联系动词如smell, taste, sound, feel等,不用于被动语
态。
【误】 Five dollars is cost by this book.
【正】
This book costs five dollars. 这本书花费五美元。
【误】
The food is tasted nice.
【正】 The food tastes
nice. 这种食物尝起来很好。