2017年中考英语被动语态(重要)

被 动 语 态
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语Chinese
是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变 化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken 一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：were／was being＋spoken 现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken

三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、被动语态的用法详解：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is am are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long time ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man- made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am is are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is repairing my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Uncle Wang now.














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They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →There are twenty more trees to be planted.


五、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子
中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.------He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.-------The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.-----A tree was cut down by him.

六、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词 的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词＋be＋过去分词构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被
动语态后仍要 保留。
We can repair this watch in two days. ------This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.-------It should be done at once.

七、特殊情况：
Makelet sb. do sth. ------ sb. be madelet to do sth.
made the boy work for two hours yesterday.---- The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2. Mother never lets me watch TV .---------I am never let to watch TV by mother.
Seehear sb. do sth.------ sb. be seenheard to do sth.
3. Jim saw the boy run yesterday.------The boy was seen to run by Jim yesterday.
Givelend sb. sth.------(1)sb. be given sth. by…. (2)sth. be given to sb. by…
gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.


初中英语被动语态练习题：
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( ) far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
( ) many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

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A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( ) _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( ) monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
( ) school bag ___ behind the chair.
A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put
( ) people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after
( ) teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语 态两个方面噢
．．．．．．．．．．．．．
)
's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?
They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?
11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?
16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
17. Look! Someone __________(dance).
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）
_______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．
work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)
How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ?
4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.
5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)

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Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.
7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.
are watching the football match.
The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.
they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)
__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago?
have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)
The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.
call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)
The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.
四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)
①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week．
②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？
③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow.
五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）
①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________
②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________
③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________
④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________
⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________
Answers
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
．．．．．．．．．．．．．
be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn’t been found 5. were cut told 7. must be sent 8. are
sold made , are made 10. be taken cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has
been 16. smells 17 is dancing
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
, grow 2. is given to me is 4. will be sung5. needn’t be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is
being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called
四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)
① was bought for me ② Is made in China ③ covered with
五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）
①be done改为 do② listened改为 listened to ③ remembered 改为 was remembered
④ is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom

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