【英语】被动语态(完整版)

【英语】被动语态(完整版)

一、单项选择被动语态
1
．
The classroom ________ by students every day.

A
．
cleans B
．
cleaned

C
．
is cleaned D
．
is cleaning

【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语
The classroom< br>，单数第三
人称形式，与谓语动词
clean
之间是被动关系，再结合
every day
，可知句子用一般现在时
态的被动语态，故选
C
。


2
．
The new library ________; it will be open next year.

A
．
had been built B
．
was built

C
．
was being built D
．
is being built

【答案】
D

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放 。根据后面一句可推知，
图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句 要用现在
进行时的被动语态。故选
D
。


3
．
Now the world’s attention ________ the stocking markets, as they have great influence on
the world’s economy.

A
．
is fixing on B
．
is being fixed on

C
．
has fixed on D
．
had been fixed on

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态语态。句意：现 在世界关注的焦点都在股票市场上，因为它们对世界经
济已经产生了很大的影响。
atten tion
与
focus
之间为被动关系，
Now
提示用现在进行时。


4
．
The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017.

A
．
announced B
．
was announced C
．
announces D
．
is announced

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意：设立雄安新区的计划在< br>2017
年
4
月
1
日被官方宣
布。计划是被官方宣布 ，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
故选
B
。


5
．
When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ .

A
．
are being painted B
．
are painting

C
．
were being painted D
．
were painting

【答案】
C

【解析】考查过去 进行时态的被动语态。句意：当我到达他家的时候，我发现墙正在被粉
刷。根据句意可知用过去进行时态 的被动语态，故选
C
。


6
．
103
．
When you visit our town next August, a modern sports center ________, for the
National Games are to be held then.

A
．
will be constructing B
．
will have been constructed

C
．
has been constructing D
．
is being constructed

【答案】
B

【解析】考查将来完成时态的被动语态。句意：明年八月当你访 问我们城镇的时候，一个
现代化的体育中心将已经被建成，因为那时全国运动会将被举行。根据时间状语
next
August
，排除
C
，
D
两项，再根据
a modern sports center
和
construct
是被动关系，排除
A
项，用将来完成时态的被动语态。故选
B
项。


7
．
—I wonder why Robert hasn’t shown up at the interview yet. It’s a pity if he missed

—I’m not sure, but he _______ in a traffic jam riding here.

A
．
could stuck
C
．
must have stuck
【答案】
D

【解析】

考查含情态动词的被动语态。上句：我想知道为什么罗伯特面试还没有出现 。如果他错过
了很可惜。下句：我不确定，但是他可能被困于交通堵塞。此处表示对过去已经发生事情< br>的推测应该用情态动词的完成式，根据句意可知是被动，故答案为
D
。

B
．
should stuck

D
．
might have been stuck


8
．
----Have you telephoned your father?

--- Yes, he back next week.

A
．
is expected
C
．
will expect
【答案】
A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：
--
你给你的父亲打电话了吗
?—
是的，他有望明年回来。这里
sb be
expected to do
现在现在盼望明年回来，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，这里
he
应指的是
父亲。根 据句意故选
A
。

考点：考查动词时态及语态的用法。

B
．
expects

D
．
will be expected


9
．－
Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in the office just now?

－
Yes, he ________, and he looked a little bit nervous.

A
．
had interviewed B
．
was interviewed

C
．
was being interviewed D
．
is being interviewing

【答案】
C

【解析】 考查动词时态。句意：
——
迈克
,
你刚才看到
Mr. Chapma n
在办公室吗
?——
是的
,
他
正在接受采访
,他看起来有点紧张。表示刚才正在进行的动作用过去进行时，句中
he
和动
词interview
是被动关系，所以此处用过去进行时的被动，故选
C
。


10
．
It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ________ for the death of so
many innocent people.

A
．
are blamed
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查主谓一致以及
be to bl ame
的用法。句意：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多
无辜人类的死亡负责。
be to blame for…
表示
“
应受责备，应对
……
负 责
”
时，固定短语，因此
排除
A
、
C
项；这里强调 主语
the natural disaster
，是一个强调句，谓语动词应与主语保持
一致，即与
the natural disaster
保持一致，因此用
was to blame
，故选
B
项。

B
．
was to blame C
．
was blamed D
．
were to blame


11
．
Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _______ properly in this hospital.

A
．
can be the patients treated

B
．
the patients can be treated

C
．
can the patients be treated

D
．
treated can be the patients

【答案】
C

【解析】

试题分析：考查部分倒装。句意为：只有增加
50%
的医生，这个医院的病人才能得到 恰当
的医治。
“only
＋状语
”
放于句首时句子须用部分倒装，故 选
C
项。

考点
:
考查部分倒装


12
．
The officer commanded that everyone passing by ______ that day.

A
．
search
C
．
be searched
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查 虚拟语气。句意：军官命令那天经过的人都被搜查。
command
后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，（
should
）
+
动词原形，此处
everyone< br>和
search
之间是被动关系，故答案为
C
。

B
．
would be searched

D
．
must be searched


13
．
The house, which _____ last night, ____ my aunt but she doesn’t live there any more.

A
．
was broken into; is belonged to B
．
broke into; is belonged to

C
．
broke into; belonging to D
．
was broken into; belongs to

【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查被动语态和主动语态。句意：这所房子昨晚被拆了，它属于我的姑妈，但她已经不在
那里住 了。第一空，根据
last night
及句意可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，
break
into“
破门而入
”
，答案为
was broken into
；第二空，
belong to“
属于
”
，无进行和被动语 态，
结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，答案为
belongs to
。故选
D
。


14
．
It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown.

A
．
is held
C
．
will be held
【答案】
B

【解析】

试题分析：考查句式用法。
This is the first (second, third…) time +that
从句，这是第一（二，
三
…
）次
…
。一般来说，
This is the first (second, third…) time +that
从句，这个句式中
that
从
句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，
so far
距今为止，表示现在为止这个 节日庆祝活动，
还没有举办，要用将来时。故选
C
。

考点
:
考查句式用法

B
．
has been held

D
．
had been held


15
．
Are you going to attend the meeting ________ next Saturday?

A
．
holding B
．
hold

C
．
to hold D
．
to be held

【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。 句意：你要参加下星期六举行的会议吗
?
根据
next Saturday
可知，事情还未发生，
the meeting
和
hold
之间是一种被动关系，所以用动词
不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，且表示将来。故选
D
。


16
．
If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

A
．
had been put
【答案】
A

【解析】

【分析】

B
．
were put C
．
should be put D
．
would be put

【详解】


考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入 使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生
了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用
ha d done
形式，此外根据句意可
知是被动，用被动语态，故
A
项是正确的 。

【点睛】


英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来 说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。陈
述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）祈使语气（命令，要求，建议 ，警告）虚拟语气：不
可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等
.
虚拟语气在 条件中的具体用法真实条件

句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.
虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很
小）
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the
从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词< br>1.
与现在事实
相反动词过去式（
be
一律用
were
）
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形
2.
与过去事 实相反
had donewouldcouldmightshould+have done3.与将来事实可能相反
a.
动词过去式（
be
一律
用
we re
）
+
动词原形（不能用
would
）
to+
动词原形
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形与现在事实相反
i f
从句：动词过去式（
be---were
）主
句：
wouldco uldmightshould+
动词原形
If we had time, we would go with I were you, I
shouldn’t do it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.
与过去事实相反
if
从句：
had done
主
句：
wouldcouldmightshould+have doneIf the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have
succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more he hadn’t been ill, he might
have come.3.
与将来事实可能相反
if
从句：
a.动词过去式（
be
一律用
were
）
+
动词原形（不能用
would
）
to+
动词原 形主句：
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原
形
If he came tomorrow, I would tell him it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at
home and watch it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go he come
tomorrow, please give the book to him.
错综时间 条件句在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发
生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条 件句。这种句子的形式往往
要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。
If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know
what to do you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right you
had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now. (
有时时间会省略）含蓄条
件句有时虚拟条件不用
if
条件从句，而用介词或 介词短语来表示。
They would not be able
to live without him.
（如果没有）
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
（要
不是）
=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(
要是
......
就好了）
You
would have done the same thing in her a little more care you could have avoid the
traffic accident .
虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方
式表现出来，并且 虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would
have taken part in the singing competition.
（实
------
虚）
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill
that day, I would have taken part in the singing would have bought the piano, but
he didn’t have enough money.
（虚
------
实）
=He would have bought the piano if he had had
enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
省略
if
倒装条件句在虚拟语气中，
if
从句假设的情况中如果有助动词
had, should
和
were
，那么可省略
if
，把
had, should
和
were
放在句首构成倒装，简称省略
if
倒装条件 句。
If he had finished the work yesterday, he
would have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have
gone to the concert with I were you, I wouldn’t do that.=were I you, I wouldn’t do I
should meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.


17
．
More efforts, as reported, _____ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.

A
．
are made
C
．
are being made
【答案】
B

B
．
will be made

D
．
have been made

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态和语态。句意：据报 道，未来几年将会有更多的努力来加快供给侧结构性改革。
本句的时间状语
in the years ahead
＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连用，且
efforts
与动 词
make
构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B
项
正确。



18
．
Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.

A
．
will be repaid
C
．
has been repaid
【答案】
A

【解析】

试题解析：考查时态辨析。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语
later in life
意为在以后的生活
中，可以判断为将来时态，此处要注意的是不要被前文的
now
混淆 ，
that you do now
在句
中充当
the hard work
的定语成分，与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。句意：不要担
心，你现在付出的努力在以后 一定会有所回报。故选
A
。

考点：考查时态辨析。

B
．
was being repaid

D
．
was repaid


19
．
This kind of cloth_______well and large quantities of the cloth ________.

A
．
is sold
；
have been sold
C
．
sells
；
have been sold
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词的时态语态。句意：这种布销路很好，已售出大量。
sellwashburn
等词在表示事
物的状态、特点时，可以用主动表被动，因此第一个空应选
sells
；第二空表示
“
出售，卖
”
的动作，用被动语态，且强调对现在的影 响应该用现在完成时态，故正确答案为
C
。

B
．
is sold; has been sold

D
．
sells has been sold


20
．
The Palace Museum has put on many attractions since it ___________ in 2017.

A
．
had been rebuilt
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态语态。句意：自从
2017
年重新修缮，故 宫博物院内部已经增加了许多景点。
分析语境可知，重新修缮是过去某个具体时间点（
2017
年）发生的事情，应用一般过去
时；此处也可用固定句型
havehas done since…
来理解，该句型中主句用完成时，
since
引
导的从句使用一 般过去时；故宫博物院是
“
被
”
相关人员修缮，应使用被动语态，
w as rebuilt
符合题意，故选
B
。

B
．
was rebuilt C
．
had rebuilt D
．
rebuilt

21
．
As is expected, it will be not long before our domestically built aircraft Carriers _____ into
operation.

A
．
will be put
C
．
will have been put
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态语态。句意
:
按照预计，在不久的将来，我们国内制造的航母就会投入 使用。
时间状语从句中使用主将从现，如果主句是一般将来时
,
从句用一般现在时替代 一般将来
时。
before
是从句要用一般现在时。投入和主语是被动关系。故选B
。

B
．
are put

D
．
have been put


22
．
It is ______ that the financial crisis is disappearing in some countries.

A
．
reported
【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查被动语态。句意：据报道，金融危机正在 一些国家消退。句中
It
为形式主语，
that
引
导的从句为主语从 句，是真正的主句的主语，所缺词为主句谓语动词，主语与动词
report
是逻辑上的动宾关 系，是动作的接受者，所以用被动语态。故选
A
。

B
．
to report C
．
reporting D
．
being reported


23
．
We didn’t play football match________.

A
．
was canceled B
．
is canceled

C
．
has canceled D
．
had canceled

【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查 时态语态。句意：昨天我们没有踢足球，比赛取消了。根据句意可知，
match
和
c ancel
之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；由
yesterday
可知，这是发生 在过去的一件事
情，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故选
A
。


24
．
We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.

A
．
are being made
C
．
have been made
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态辨析。句意：我们得等到所有的准备工作都做好了才能开始工作。
are being
是现在进行时的被动形式；
will be made
是一般将来时的被动形式；
have been made
是现在
B
．
will be made

D
．
had been made

完成时的被动形式，用于强调动作产生的影响；
had been made
是过去完成时的被动形
式

。本题是主将从现的用法。主句是将来时 时，从句用现在时或相当于现在的时态；现在
完成时强调过去对现在的影响或动作从过去一直持续到现在 。故选
C
。

【点睛】

通常说来
,
在 时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高
中英语中也使用现在完成时 代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。主句是
We won’t start
，从句用一般现在时或者现在完成时，故选
C
。



25
．
I want to buy that kind of cloth because I_____the cloth_____well.

A
．
have told;washed
C
．
have been told;washed
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态及语态句意：我想买这种布，因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗。
“
我
”
和
“
告诉
”
是被动关系，且动作发 生在过去，强调对现在的影响，所以需用完成时态的被动语态；一
些动词
wash
，< br>lock
，
sell
，
wear
，
read
，
open
，
shut
，
clean
等，如果主语如果是物 ，且表示
主语的特性或品质时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
the cloth washes well
是指
“
这种布料很
好洗
”
就是说明 这种布料的特征的，应使用一般现在时。故选
B
。

B
．
have been told;washes

D
．
was told;washes


26
．
—Why didn’t you attend the assembly this morning?

—But I ________ anything about that.

A
．
didn’t tell
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查 时态和语态。句意：
——
你为什么没有参加今天早上的集会？
——
没人告诉我 。主语
I
和
tell
之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，又
“
没有告诉
”
的动作发生在今天早上之前，即过
去之过去，故用过去完成时的被动语态， 即
had been done
，故选
C
项。

B
．
haven’t told C
．
hadn’t been told D
．
haven’t been told


27
．
Neither Mary nor her parents ________ of the exciting news, which surprises us a lot.

A
．
has informed
C
．
has been informed
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查主谓一致及语态。句意：玛丽和她的父母 都没被告知这个令人兴奋的消息，这让我们
很吃惊。根据句意可知，此处使用被动语态；
nei ther…nor
（既不，也不）有就近原则，只
B
．
have informed

D
．
have been informed

看离谓语动词最近的主语，这里
her parents
是复数，且是被告知，所以用
have been
informed
，故选
D
项。

【点睛】
本题考查就近原则。就近原则是指谓语动词的形式和离它最近的主语保持一致。英语中常
见的就近原 则的词或者短语有：
not…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…,
there be
句型，
whether…or…
，例如：

There is an apple and two bananas.
这有一个苹果和两根香蕉。

Not only you but also your father likes fishing.
不仅你，而且你爸爸也喜欢钓鱼。


28
．
The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female
passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.

A
．
should have avoided
C
．
could have avoided
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查
“
情态动词
+
完成式
”
。句意：如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静，这起导致
15人
死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。
could have done“
本来能做而没有做
”
，且句子主语
The
accide nt
和谓语动词
avoid
之间是被动关系，结合句意可知答案为
D
。

【点睛】

情态动词
+ have done
结构：

1.“must + have +
过去分词
”
表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测，语气比较坚定，通常只
用于肯定句。如：
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.

2.“can could + have +
过去分词
”< br>表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。
can
和
could
一般用于否定句和疑问句，
could
的语气较
can
弱。如：
He can't have finished the work so soon.

3.“may might + have +
过去分词
”
表示对已发生 的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，
might
的语气比
may
弱一点。 这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑问句改用
can
或
could
。如：< br>They may not have known it beforehand.

4.“need + have +
过去分词
”
表示过去做了不必做或不需 要做的事情，或过去做某事纯属多
余。如：
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.

5.“should ought to + have +
过去分词
”
表示过去本该做某事但没做，其否定式表示过去不该
做某事但做了，这种句式含有不满或责备之意，ought to
的语气比
should
强一些。如：

You ought to should have studied harder.
你本应该更努力学习的
.
（但没有）

He oughtn't to shouldn't have done that.
他本来就不该做那件事
.
（可是做了）

6.“would
＋
have
＋

过去分词
”
表示对过去的某种 情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种
原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不像用
sho uld
或
ought to
那样含有责备之意。
如：

I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.

Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.

B
．
should be avoided

D
．
could have been avoided

29
．
More expressways ________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

A
．
are being built
C
．
have been built
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公 路以促进当地的经济。根据时间状语
soon
可
知，考查了将来时。英语中的时态是靠 动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的
是时间状语。因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间 状语
soon
，然后才能准确判断时态
是一般将来时。通过观察选项可知，选项
A
是现在进行时；选项
B
是一般将来时；选项
C
是现在完成时；选 项
D
是过去完成时。故选择
B
。

B
．
will be built

D
．
had been built


30
．
You can’t move in right now. The house _____ now.

A
．
has painted B
．
is painted

C
．
is being painted D
．
is painting

【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查语态。句意：你现在不能搬进来
,
房子正在被粉刷。根据句意可知，此处应使用现在进
行时的被动语态。故
C
选项正确。