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2020年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案

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2020-11-04 13:10
tags:英语被动语态

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2020年11月4日发(作者:阳蕾)



2020年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及
答案


the bridge、 The bridge was built by them、

(一) 被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的
过去分词”构成。人称、数和时 态的变化是通过be的变化表现出
来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
1一般现在时:am/is/are+taught She often watersthe
flowers、The flowers are often watered by her’English is
spoken by lots of people in the world2一般过去时:was/
were+taught Waswere doneWe visited a form yesterday、A
form was visited yesterday by us、the cup was broken by
the boy、He was saved at last、My bike was stolen,Some
new computers were stolen last night、This book was
published in198
1、这本书出版于1981年3一般将来时:will/shall be+
taught Am is are going to be doneShe will plant some
trees this week、some trees will be planted this week、
our class is going to hold a party this morning、A party
is going to be held this evening by our classA new road
will be built next year4现在进行时:am/is/are being+
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taught 过去进行时:was were being doneHe is reading a
novel、A novel is being readThe problem was being
discussed nowThe machine was being repaired at this time
yesterday、5现在完成时:have/has been+taught 歌诀是:被
动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面We have finished the work、
The work has already been finished by us、6情态动词的被动
语态是常考的一个知识点:情态动词+be+过去分词He can speak
English English can be spoken by himWe should plant more
trees on the mountainMore trees should be planted on the
mountainYou must finished your homework in time your
homework must be finished finished in time
(三)主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 歌诀是:宾变
主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。(1)
通常的办法是:将主动结构中的宾语变为被 动结构中的主
语,将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be get +过去分词”形
式,将主动 结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没
有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如:Li Lei planted the
tree last year、 → The tree was planted by Li Lei last
year、 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in
Changsha、 → The machines were made in Changsha、 这些
机器是长沙造的。(2)
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将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时,应将宾语变为被动
结构的主 语,而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如:
He painted the door green yesterday、 →The door was
painted green yesterday、 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意:表示
“使、让”的动词make, have等,以及感官动词see, watch,
observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等,感官动词或使役
动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语 补足语,但变为被动语
态时,须转为带to不定式。
如:
I saw a bag drop from the bus、
→ A bag was seen to drop from the bus、
Mother made her baby sleep in her arms、
→ The baby was made to sleep in her mother’s arms、
I saw him go into the teachers’ office、 →He was
seen to go into the teachers’ office、 看见他进入了教师
办公室。We often hear her sing in the next room、She is
often heard to sing in the next room、The boss made them
work for16 hours a dayThey were msde to work for16 hours
a days by the boss(3)
带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动
语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后;也可将
间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一
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般采用后一种用法。如:He gave me the pen last year、 →I
was given the pen last year、 The pen was given to me
last year、 这支笔是去年给我的。He bought me a book=a
book was bought for me by him直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动
语态的主语。如:
Mr、 Smith gave us a lecture、
→ We were given a lecture by Mr、 Smith、
或-A lecture was given by Mr、 Smith、
当句中含有return, write, find, buy等动词时,常把直接
宾语转为被动语态的主语,同时要注意介词的搭配。
如:
I returned him the book、
→ The book was returned to him、 (注意用to)
He wrote me a short note、
→ A short note was written to me、(注意用to)
He found me an umbrella、
→ An umbrella was found for me、 (注意用for)
I bought her some flowers、
→ Some flowers were bought for her、 (注意用for)
【说明】
一般说来,间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring, give, hand,
lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell,
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write, throw等;间接宾语前带for的动词有:book, buy, call,
cook, do, get, make, save等。(4)
动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report,
say, suppose, think等的被动语态,常有两种结构形式。如:He
was said to get hurt in the car accident、 人们说他在车祸
中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car
accident、 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。(5)
短语动词变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省
略,短语动词应当看作一个整体。如:She has never been
operated on before、 她从未动过手术。The baby was looked
after by her sister、 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。His plan was
laughed at by everyone、 他的计划大家都嘲笑。
We can’t look down upon anybody、
→ Anybody can’t be looked down upon、
The doorkeeper turns off the lights at11 pm every
day、
→ The lights are turned off at11 pm by the
doorkeeper every day、The nurse is taking care of the
sick man、
→ The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse、
(6)动词不定式的被动语态:即把to do 变成to be done
(五)不用被动语态的情况1)
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不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear, die,
disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit,
spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep
silence, lose heart, take place、 如,After the fire,
very little remained of my house、 比较:
rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动
词。
(错)
The price has been risen、 (对)
The price has risen、 (错)
The accident was happened last week、
(对)
The accident happened last week、 (错)
The price has raised、
(对)
The price has been raised、 (错)
Please seat、
(对)
Please be seated、
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪
些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动 词往往有两种用法。解决这
一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
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2)动词形式上是被动的,但实际上是“系动词+表语”结
构,一般 学习方法是靠平时积累。如:He is seated at the
desk、 他坐在桌旁。
The boy was lost in the street、 男孩在街上迷路了。
The girl is dressed in a red skirt、 这个女孩穿着红裙
子。
He was drunk in the bar、 他在酒吧喝醉了。
My dream is gone with the wind、 我的梦随风而去了。
3)当break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride,
wear, write, open, close等动词有状语修饰时,用主动形式表
示被动意义。
Glass breaks easily、 玻璃易碎。
The cloth washes well、 这种布料很好洗。
This new book sells well、 新书很畅销。
Dry wood burns easily、 干柴易燃。
The letter reads as follows、 信的内容如下。
The glass cleans easily、 这些杯子易洗。
The new car runs well、 这辆新车跑得很正常。 My new
bike rides well、 我的新自行车很好骑。 The shoes wear
long、 这种鞋子很耐穿。
The pen writes smoothly、 这笔写起来很流畅。T he shop
opens at9 am and closes at9 pm 4)
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不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice,
watch agree with, arrive at in, shake hands with,
succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk
into, belong to 如,This key just fits the lock、 Your
story agrees with what had already been heard、5)
系动词无被动语态:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,
remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good、 The food looks nice but tastes
bad 、Your pikan sounds good、6)
带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被
动语态:
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night、7)
当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对)
She likes to swim、
(错)
To swim is liked by her、
二、复习时需要注意的要点(1)由主动语态改为被动语态的
步 骤:①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语;②主动语
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态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态;③主动语态句中的主语变为
被动 语态句中by的宾语。(2)主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双
宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语时,转换方法 有两种:①把间接宾
语转化为主语,保留直接宾语②把直接宾语转化为主语,保留间
接宾语。此 时,一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。(3)在短语
see sb、 do sth、 中,动词se e后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等,以及使役动词make, let等。
[小试] 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1、The Mid-Autumn Festival _______(celebrate)
in
China

2、 I _______ (ask)
by my mother not to touch the dog yesterday、
3、 Books of this kind _______ (sell)
very well、
4、 Not yet, the room _______ (paint)、
5、 The boy _______ (bring up)
in the countryside、
6、 A good job _______ me last year、 (offer)
初中英语被动语态专项练习( )
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1 The Peoples Republic of China ___ on October1,19
49、
A、 found
B、 was founded
C、 is founded
D、 was found( )
2 English ____ in Canada、
A、 speaks
B、 are spoken
C、 is speaking
D、 is spoken( )3 This English song___ by the girls
after class、
A、 often sings
B、 often sang
C、 is often sang
D、 is often sung( )
4 This kind of car ___ in Japan、A, makes
B、 made
C、 is making
D、 is made( )
5 New computers ___ all over the world、
A、 is used
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B、 are using
C、 are used
D、 have used( )
6 Our room must ___ clean、
A、 keep
B、 be kept
C、 to be kept
D、 to keep( )
7Im sorry、 ___、
A、 it sold
B、 its selling
C、 Its been sold
D、 it had been sold( )8A new house ___ at the
corner of the road、
A、 is building
B、 is being built
C、 been built
D、 be building( )
9 The key ___ on the table when I leave、
A、 was left B ill be left
C、 is left
D、 has been left( )
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10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world、
A、 need
B、 are needing
C、 are needed
D、 will need( )11 His new book___ next month、
A、 will be published
B、 is publishing
C、 is being published
D、 has been published( )
12 Japanese ___ in every country、
A、 is not spoken
B、 are spoken
C、 is speaking
D、 is not speaking( )
13 These papers ___ yet、
A、 have not written
B、 have not been written
C、 has not written
D、 has not been written( )
14 The sports meet ___ be held until next week、
A、 didnt
B、 wont
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C、 isnt
D、 doesnt( )
15born babies___in hospital、
A、 are taken good care
B、 are taken good care of
C、 take good care of
D、 take good care( )37 They were___ at the sudden
noise、
A、 frightening
B、 frightened
C、 frighten
D、 frightens( )
38These walls___stone、
A、are made of
B、 made of
C、 are made into
D、 made into( )
39 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last
Saturday、
A、 called
B、 was asked
C、 told
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D、 was said( )40 The papers ___ to them、
A、 were shown
B、 show
C、 shown
D、 have shown( )
41 The coat ___her sister、
A、 made to
B、 were made for
C、 was made for
D、 was made to( )
42 I___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or
not、
A、 gave
B、 was giving
C、 had given
D、 was given( )
43 Good care____such things、
A、 should take of
B、 should be taken
C、 should be taking
D、 should be taken of( )
44She will____good care____、
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A、 take; of
B、 be taken; of
C、 take; for you
D、 be taken; of you( )45The teacher made him___ his
homework、
A、 to do
B、 do
C、 did
D、 done( )
46 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days、
A、 was made to clean
B、 made clean
C、 made to clean
D、 was made clean( )
47 These children____dance、
A、 were seen to
B、 were seen for
C、 were seen
D、 saw to( )
48 These stones ___ well、
A、 are fitted
B、 fit
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C、 fit
D、 is fitted( )49 The bike ___500 yuan、
A、 was cost
B、 costed
C、 cost
D、 is costed( )50 The important meeting ___ on a
cold morning last year、
A、 was had
B、 was held
C、 held
D、 had( )
51 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China、
A、 took place
B、 have taken place
C、 were taking place
D、 hadtaken place( )
52 You cant use the computer, it____、
A、 was broken down
B、 is wrong
C、 is bad
D、 has broken down( )
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53 Great changes___in our country during the past20
years、
A、have happened
B、 happened
C、 have been happened
D、 were happened( )
55 The watch has often ___ down、
A、 sat
B、 lain
C、 broken
D、 fell( )
56 Please pass me another cup、 This one___、
A、 is broken
B、 is breaking
C、 broke
D、 broken( )
57 The story books___ by the writer in the1960s、
A、 are written
B、 were written
C、 are writing
D、 were writing( )
58 What time ___ the door ___ every day?
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A、 does; closed
B、 does; close
C、 is; closed
D、 close( )59 Can he___himself?
A、 get dress
B、 get dressed
C、 gets dressed
D、 instead of( )60 He fell from his bike and ___、
A、 is hurt
B、 gets hurt
C、 got hurt
D、 hurtKey:
1、is celebrated
2、 was asked
3、 sell
4、 is being painted
5、 was brought up
6、 was offered to 1---5 BDDDC 6—10 BCBBC 11---
15AABBA 16--20BABDB 21 ---25BADAA26---30ADBBC31---
35DBADD36---40BBABA 41---45CDDBB46----50AAACB 51---
55DDACA 56--- 60BCBCC

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