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Quick Start Guide. Exploring the IDE
Welcome to PyCharm! This short guide aims to
help you get a grip on the PyCharm IDE.
Before
you start…
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Make sure that at least
one Python interpreter, version from 2.4 to 3.4 is
properly installed on your
computer.
Mind
that PyCharm is available in two editions:
Community and Professional. The difference
between the editions is explored in Edition
Comparison Matrix.
Note that the download page
contains installation instructions for the various
platforms; these instructions
may vary for the
different operating systems.
Initial setup
If this is the very first time you launch your
PyCharm, it will ask you several important
questions:
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First, whether
you already have setting you want to preserve (for
example, from a previous version)
Your license
information
And, finally, which keymap and
theme you want to use:
Note that PyCharm has several pre-defined
keymaps: for those who like Eclipse or Visual
Studio, for the
Emacs fans, GNOME, KDE and
more. Explore the list of available keymaps in the
Keymap page of
SettingsPreferences dialog.
For the dedicated Vim users, PyCharm suggests
IdeaVim plugin that helps coding in PyCharm as if
in the
Vim editor. For those who cannot live
without real Emacs, PyCharm provides the
possibility to use it as an
external editor.
If later you decide that your initial choice
was wrong, you can always change your settings. To
learn more
about configuring the IDE theme and
keymap, refer to our documentation and tutorials:
See also:
Getting started with
PyCharmConfiguring keyboard schemes
Setting defaults from the Welcome screen
Again, if this is your very first start (or if
you have no open project), you'll see the Welcome
screen. If you
click the link Configure,
you'll see the page of the Welcome screen that
suggests you to configure your
environment,
plugins, import and export settings. You have to
click Configure once more - and see
the
SettingsPreferences dialog. If you look at this
dialog, you?ll notice the header
What does it mean? These settings will be
used every time you create a new project. For
example, you want
all you newly created
projects to use the same interpreter - OK, you can
define such an interpreter in the
Template
Project Settings.
The
IDE settings characterize your working environment
(keymaps, color schemes etc.) For example, you
want your editor to always show line numbers.
In the SettingsPreferences dialog, go to the IDE
settings,
expand the node Editor, and in the
Appearance page, select the check box
Next, suppose you want to use some particular
color scheme for the editor, and you are not happy
with the
colors suggested by default. OK,
select the base scheme, create its copy, and then
change colors (the
schemes suggested by
default are not editable).
It is also possible
to set your preferred font size for the editor -
this is done in the Fonts page of theColors
and Fonts settings. Again, you have to create
a copy of the scheme first, if you haven't done it
already, and
then specify the desired font
size for the editor. This font size will apply to
the current editor tabs, and all the
newly
opened editors. However, it does not affect the
font size of the IDE components.
Note that you
can always see the results of your experiments in
the Preview pane:
The
whole procedure is described step-by-step in the
tutorial What my PyCharm looks like.
When a
project is already created, you can change its
settings at any moment. Configuring settings for
the
current project will be discussed a little
bit later, in the section Customize everything for
your project!.
Finally, you can show or hide
actually all the UI elements: toolbar buttons,
main menu, main toolbar (menu
View); PyCharm
also enables you to choose viewing mode. Refer to
the documentation for details:
See also:
PyCharm tool windowsPresentation and Full
Screen viewing modes
Project
Everything you do in PyCharm, is done within
the context of a project. What is most interesting
about
PyCharm project management, is the
possibility to open multiple projects in one
frame. When you create a
new project (File
→New Project), or open an existing one (File
→Open), PyCharm suggests you to
choose which
way you want the project to be opened: in a new
window, in the same window after closing
the
previously opened project, or added to the
previously opened project.
You can have as
many projects opened in one window as required. So
doing, the first project is considered
the
primary project. All the symbols of the added
projects are visible from the primary project.
As an exercise, create a new empty project,
where you can develop some pure Python code. This
case is
discussed in detail in the tutorial
Getting started with PyCharm — in particular, the
sectionCreating a simple
project.
Types of
projects
By the way, PyCharm
suggests creating projects of the various types:
Django, Flask, Pyramid, web2py, etc.
You can
explore the available types yourself, when
creating a new project - just select the new
project type
from the drop-down list:
As you see, PyCharm supports all the major
Python-based frameworks. For each of the supported
project
types, PyCharm creates the
corresponding file and directory structure, and
all the necessary artifacts. Refer
to the
product documentation:
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Django
Flask
Pyramid
Google
App Engine
Web2Py
Starter
OK, your
project is ready. Before you start working with
it, just press Shift twice. You'll see a pop-up
window that allows finding anything and
jumping everywhere:
As
you see, this way one can search among the
actions, settings, files, IDE components, and
more. Note that
it is just one of the numerous
navigation features. We'll return to the PyCharm's
search and navigation
facilities a little bit
later.
Customize everything for your project!
Look at the main toolbar — there is the
Settings button . Clicking this button opens
theSettingsPreferences dialog box, where you
can change your project structure, set up version
control, and
tweak your working environment to
make the development process a real pleasure.
Some of the settings pertain to a particular
project — for example, project interpreter,
version control
configuration, or file colors.
The others — like the Editor settings, keymaps, or
live templates — pertain to
your whole working
environment, and thus can be configured even
without an open project.
Project interpreter
Python interpreter is vital — without it you
will not be able to do anything... PyCharm will
warn you, if you
manage to create a project
without an interpreter:
In PyCharm, you
can define several Python interpreters - they just
comprise the list of interpreters, available
on your machine. From among them, you can
choose the one to be used in your project.
You
need to tell PyCharm which Python interpreter you
want to use since it can use a different
interpreter
for each project:
PyCharm will use this information for
indexing.
You can use Python interpreters of
the following types:
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Local
Remote
Virtual environments
Local
interpreter
This is the most straightforward
way of using an interpreter. You download a Python
interpreter, install it on
your machine, and
then specify the Python executable... Refer to the
tutorial or product documentation.
Remote
interpreter
With PyCharm, you can use
interpreters located remotely, for example, on a
reliable server. So doing,
PyCharm makes it
possible to configure remote interpreters via SSH
connection, or via Vagrant box.
Refer to the
tutorial Configuring interpreters with PyCharm.
Virtual environment
Why do we need it all?
Suppose, you are working on one project that makes
use of, say, Django 1.6, and at
the same time
support another project requiring Django 1.2. In
such a case, you need something that keeps
your environment safe and
consistent - a tool that allows creating an
isolated working copy of a Python
interpreter.
Learn how to create a virtual environment in
thedocumentation and tutorial.
Packages and
paths
Regardless of the interpreter type,
PyCharm helps install and update the necessary
packages and paths. For
example, when PyCharm
automatically detects that some of the required
packages are missing or outdated, it
suggests
you to install or upgrade them:
Same
thing happens with the paths. If you have
installed or upgraded libraries, it is a good idea
to rescan the
Python installation. Click the
gear button located to the right of the project
interpreter field, and
choose More. Then, in
the Project Interpreters dialog, select the
interpreter you want to view the paths for,
click , and then, in the Interpreter Paths
dialog, refresh packages :
Find details in the product documentation.
VCS
Surely, you keep your sources under a
version control, right? Git? SVN? Mercurial? With
PyCharm, it's easy
to set up, and again the
IDE does a good job auto-detecting the VCS already
used for existing projects.
But you can fine-
tune — just click Version Control node in the
SettingsPreferences dialog (Project
Settings→Version Control). By default, you
will see project root directory only, but you can
break
your application down into smaller
chunks, and place virtually every directory under
its own version control
system.
In the
SettingsPreferences dialog, you can also define
some behaviors that are common to all version
control systems: confirmation on creating or
deleting files, tasks performed in the background,
ignoring
unversioned files and more.
Refer
to the tutorials:
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Version
control basics
Using PyCharm's Git integration
locally
Sharing via a remote repository
See also:
Version control with
PyCharmVersion control procedures
File colors
Your project might contain
several sites, each one with its own set of files
with the same names (,
, , ). When they are
opened in the editor, it's rather confusing... How
can one tell which site they belong to?
PyCharm helps make them stand out by painting
their editor tabs
(SettingsPreferences→Project
Settings→File Colors). Break down your project
into
smaller chunks — scopes (for example, a
scope per site), and select a color for each one.
Refer to the page Configuring scopes and file
colors for details.
IDE and Editor
Working
in an IDE actually means living in it, and it is
quite natural to make your haunted place pleasant
for
your eyes and comfortable for your
fingers. That's why PyCharm makes it possible to
choose look and feel
of the IDE and the
editor, configure your preferred set of keyboard
shortcuts (keymap), fine-tune scrolling
behavior, highlighting, and more.
It is
recommended to familiarize yourself with the
matter in the documentation:
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Project and IDE settings
Configuring IDE settings
Configuring
project settings
All these settings are
(again) configured in the SettingsPreferences
dialog: click , and see the list of
pages
under the IDE Settings heading. Here are three
pages that might be of interest for the
starter: Appearance, Editor, and Keymap.
Appearance
Remember, you've initially
selected the look and feel for your IDE on the
first start? If you are not happy
with the
result, now it's time to change your mind. In the
page SettingsPreferences→IDE
Settings→Appearance you can select
and
feel drop-down, and select the scheme you like
better. You don't need to close
theSettingsPreferences
dialog dialog to
observe the results of your experiments: click
Apply, see what happens, and close the
dialog
when you are quite happy with what you've got.
Refer to the tutorial How do I choose look and
feel for my PyCharm?, and to the product
documentation.
Editor
The whole bunch of
pages under the Editor node
(SettingsPreferences→IDE
Settings→Editor)
helps you tune every aspect of the editor's
behavior. Note that PyCharm comes with
the
predefined color scheme, but if you want to make
up something very personalized, you are welcome to
do it: save the default scheme with a new
name, and start changing its background, font,
colors of syntactical
elements, error
highlighting etc., and immediately observe results
in the preview pane.
Refer to the tutorial How
do I change color scheme of the editor and to the
product documentation.
Keymap
The set of
keyboard shortcuts you work with is one of your
most intimate habits - your fingers
certain
combinations of keys, and changing this habit is
rather painful. With this in mind, PyCharm
supplies
you with a wide range of pre-defined
keymaps (SettingsPreferences→IDE Settings→Keymap),
for those who prefer Eclipse, or for those
who've had long experience with Visual Studio...
You can create
your very own keymap on the
base of an existing one.
And finally, there is
a magic shortcut Ctrl + Back Quote that helps you
switch between schemes (all of
them — keymaps,
colors, code styles, and L&F) without the Settings
dialog (for Windows and Linux users
only).
Refer to the tutorial Configuring keyboard
schemes, and to the product documentation.
External editor
Though
you can choose any keymap that corresponds to your
preferred editor (Emacs, Vim, TextMate, etc),
you might still want to open files in your
preferred editor. You can easily do it by
configuring an external
tool. For example, you
might want to open a current file in Emacs as an
external tool.
Refer to the tutorial Using
Emacs as an external editor for details.
Background tasks
Sometimes, when a long
task is in progress, PyCharm shows a Progress bar.
You can bring such a task to the
background,
but still see how it goes on. Refer to page
Working with Background Tasks for details.
Write code smartly!
What makes PyCharm
stand out from the numerous IDEs, is its full-
featured editor. Whatever you do
for
developing your source code, PyCharm is always at
hand, helping you create error-free
applications. Here is a brief outline of the
smart PyCharm's coding assistance:
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At
every stage of development, use code completion
(Ctrl+Space), which takes into account the
current context. For example, depending on the
place where you invoke code completion, you can
complete
keywords or code blocks, infer types,
or complete methods and properties.
Refer to
the tutorial Code completion and to the product
documentation for details.
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Use live
templatessnippets (Ctrl+J) or surround templates
(Ctrl+Alt+J) to produce entire
code
constructs. PyCharm comes with a wide range of
ready-to-use live templates, or snippets, which
you
can explore in the SettingsPreferences
dialog ( IDE Settings → Live templates).
If
you see that you are lacking something especially
important for your development goals, extend this
set of
snippets with your own ones. Don't also
miss the possibility to surround with complete
code constructs
(Ctrl+Alt+T). Refer to the
tutorial Creating and applying live templates
(code snippets) and to
the product
documentation for details.
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Almost like a
pair programmer, PyCharm keeps an eye on what you
are currently doing, and comes
up with smart
suggestions, which are marked with a red or
yellow light bulb sign. If you want to know
exactly what is there under the light bulb,
click it, or press Alt+Enter. This way you can,
for example,
auto-create a new method that you
are already using in the code, but have not yet
declared.
Refer to the tutorial Quick fixes
and intention actions once more and product
documentation for details.
Use macros
It
would be nice to have a chance to simplify your
work with the editor. Using macros is just one of
the
possible ways. Refer to the tutorial Using
macros and to the documentation for details.
Work with multiple files
As you might have
noticed, PyCharm opens each file in a separate tab
in the editor:
PyCharm
provides a handy way to switch between the various
tabs, allows pinning and unpinning each tab,
placing editor tabs along any of the four
borders of the window, splitting the editor tabs,
and more.
Refer to the tutorial and
documentation section Managing editor tabs for
details.
Analyze code transparently
PyCharm gives you numerous hints and prompts
to help you avoid errors, or correct them, if they
occur.
First, as you type, you immediately
have all syntactical errors underlined with a red
wavy line. If you place
the caret at an error
location, you will see a brief description of the
problem at the tooltip, and also in the left
side of the Status bar. Besides that, you see
red stripes along the validation bar, or the
marker bar. If you
hover your mouse pointer
over such a stripe, you see the error description
at the tooltip:
As you
type our code, PyCharm, almost like a pair
programmer, looks over your shoulder and suggests
to fix
your errors or just improve your code,
by showing you red
or yellow light bulbs
(we've mentioned them already in the section Write
code smartly!). Learn how to
use them in the
tutorial and in the product documentation.
The
next level is static code analysis, or code
inspections: your code is analyzed without
actually executing it.
Actually, PyCharm
inspects code in the current file on-the-fly, and
shows inspection results in the marker
bar as
colored stripes. If you see that the right side of
your IDE frame is bright with red stripes, beware
— it
means that your code contains serious
errors. Less important things, recommendations to
improve code, or
warnings, are displayed as
yellow stripes. Information for the current file
is summarized in a colored
indicator on top of
the marker bar, which works as traffic lights:
green means that everything is fine; at least
one problem turns the indicator yellow or red.
By the way, this guy in the Status bar -
Hector - keeps an eye on each file currently
opened in the editor. By
default, Hector never
sleeps:
If you are sure of yourself, turn
him off, and you will get neither warnings, nor
suggestions for
improvements or error
messages.
However, you might want to look
deeper into the code of your application. In this
case, you have to inspect a
whole project, or
any of its parts (Code→Inspect Code), and explore
results in the Inspection tool
window:
PyCharm comes with a wide
range of pre-defined inspections; familiarize
yourself and configure them in
the Inspections
page of SettingsPreferences.
Refer also to the
tutorial Syntax highlighting and error indication.
Create quality code
With PyCharm, it's
quite easy to create a code of high quality — the
IDE is a code quality tool itself. It
integrates with PEP8, stands on guard of the
code integrity and reports the code style
violations.
Refer to the tutorial Code Quality
Assistance Tips and Tricks, or How to make your
code look pretty?
See also the product
documentation on configuring code style and code
inspections.
View documentation
PyCharm
makes it possible to view existing documentation
for the symbols at caret. There are several
possible ways to do it:
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Quick definition
Quick
documentation
External documentation
Parameter info
Error description
All
these commands are available from the View menu,
and by keyboard shortcuts (the shortcuts below
belong to the default scheme. If you are using
some other keymap scheme, these keyboard shortcuts
will be
different):
Refer to the tutorial Viewing documentation
and to the product documentation Viewing reference
information.
Find your way through
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Navigating through the
source code
Navigating between the IDE
components
Finding an action
Navigating
everywhere
Source Code
Let's start with
finding fragments of text. One of the most basic
means of navigation and search in the source
code is our good old Ctrl+F command: start
typing your search string, and get immediately to
its
occurrences in the current file:
But PyCharm goes further, and
helps you look for a certain string within a
directory, or any arbitrary scope,
or an
entire project (Ctrl+Shift+F):
Besides
that, PyCharm suggests a more sophisticated
approach, namely search for usages. For example,
if
you want to navigate from a symbol to one
of its usages within your application,
pressAlt+F7, or
choose Find Usages on its
context menu:
Actually, there are several
commands that help you find out where a certain
symbol is used: you can jump
from one usage to
another in the current file (Ctrl+F7), view usages
in the current file color-coded
(Ctrl+Shift+F7), or across a whole project in
a popup list (Ctrl+Alt+F7).
If you want to
jump from a symbol to its declaration, just
middle-click its name, or press Ctrl+B.
To
quickly find an element by name and open it in the
editor, use navigation pop-up: press Ctrl+N(for a
class), Ctrl+Shift+N (for a file), or
Ctrl+Shift+Alt+N (for a symbol), and start typing
the name
you are looking for. The list of
matching names shrinks as you type, but this is
just one of the handy
facilities: you can use
the asterisk wildcard, all caps for CamelHumps, or
spaces for snake_case names,
slashes for
nested folders and so on, and so forth.
Quick search is the easiest
way to find a file: with any tool window having
the focus, you just start typing,
and see how
the matching nodes are highlighted in the tree
view.
IDE Components
Ways to navigate
across the IDE are numerous, and we'll briefly
outline just some of them. Let's start with
the switcher: press Ctrl+Tab to show the
switcher, which is a list of the PyCharm's tool
windows and
open files, and then, keeping the
Ctrl key pressed, use Tab or arrow keys to scroll
to the component you
want to go to:
If you select a file in one of the IDE
components, and want to view it in another one
(the editor, Project view,
Navigation bar, or
a changelist), then use Select Target (Alt+F1):
And finally, don't
forget that pressing Esc will bring you back to
the editor, wherever you are!
Finding an
Action
You don't need the main menu to invoke
an action - you can simply invoke it by name.
PressCtrl+Shift+A, and type characters, which,
to your opinion, should be present in an action
name:
Note that you can search among the
actions not included in the main menu - just
pressCtrl+Shift+A once more.
Navigating
and searching everywhere
PyCharm suggests a
new way of navigation and search. Double press
Shift, or click in the right end
of the main
toolbar, and see the Search everywhere dialog.
Using this approach, you can look for any item of
the source code, databases, actions, elements
of the user interface, etc. in a single action.
Refer to the tutorials under Exploring
navigation and search, and to the product
documentation:Navigating
through the source
code and Searching through the source code.
Refactoring your source code
PyCharm
provides wide range of refactorings, from mere
renaming to such complicated things as changing a
method signature. Note that PyCharm suggests
available refactorings depending on the current
context:
Run, debug and test your application
While
working with PyCharm, you'll come to a moment when
you need to run or debug an application, a
script, or a test. In all these cases, you
need a special profile, or a rundebug
configuration, which defines
script name,
working directory, environment variables, and
other vital things.
Running
You can easily
launch a Python script from its context menu, or
with a handy shortcutCtrl+Shift+F10.
However,
if you want to use some other rundebug
configuration, you have to choose one on the main
menu,
and then press Shift+F10.
Refer to
the tutorial Code running assistance, and to the
product documentation Running.
Note that you
can launch your applications both locally and
remotely: PyCharm allows using remote
hosts,
virtual machine and Vagrant boxes.
REPL
console
PyCharm also helps those who love the
full control of an interactive console: on the
Tools menu, you can
find commands that launch
the interactive Python or Django consoles. Here
you can type commands and
execute them
immediately. Moreover, PyCharm's interactive
consoles feature syntax highlighting, code
completion, and allow scrolling through the
history of commands (Ctrl+UpDown).
PyCharm
also makes it possible to run in console source
code from the editor — just make your selection,
and then press Alt+Shift+I (Execute selection
in console on the context menu of the selection).
This
feature is explored in detail in the
tutorial REPL — running an interactive console.
See also the product
documentation Working
with consoles.
Local terminal
Cannot live
without command line? OK, PyCharm helps with that
too. Choose Tools→Open
Terminalon the main
menu, and enjoy:
Refer
to the product documentation for details.
Debugging
Oops... your application or
script runs into a run-time error? To find out its
origin, you will have to do some
debugging. It
starts with placing breakpoints (quite simple —
just click the left gutter of the line where you
want the breakpoint to appear), at which
program execution will be suspended, so you can
explore program
data.
Launching the
debugging session is quite as simple: either use
the context menu of a specific script, or select
a suitable rundebug configuration, and then
press Shift+F9.
And finally, a very convenient
way to select rundebug configuration and
immediately launch it
isAlt+Shift+F10
Alt+Shift+F9.
Refer to the tutorials Debugger,
Breakpoints, and Debug run, and to the product
documentationDebugging.
Testing
It is a
good idea to test your applications, and PyCharm
helps doing it as simple as possible. With
PyCharm,
you can:
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Create test classes
Create special testing
rundebug configurations
Run and debug tests
right from the IDE
Explore results in the test
runner window
PyCharm
supports all the major Python testing frameworks:
Unittest, Doctest, Nosetest, andAttest.
For
each of these frameworks, PyCharm provides its own
rundebug configuration.
Refer to the tutorials
Creating and running a Python unit test, Unit
tests, and to the product
documentation
Testing.
Remote development
Besides the
ability to use interpreters located remotely
(which we have already discussed in the guide),
you
can also develop remotely.
First, with
PyCharm, you can deploy your local applications to
some remote server. To learn about
deployment
servers, refer to the product documentation
section
Configuring Synchronization with a Web
Server.
Having deployed an application, you
can run, debug and test it remotely. PyCharm also
helps youcompare
local and remote folders, and
synchronize local copy with that deployed on the
server.
Data sources and SQL support
As
you might have noticed already, creating projects
of the various types (Django, Flask, etc.)
requires a
data source. It is also quite
possible that you inject SQL statements into your
source code.
PyCharm does not enable you to
create databases, but provides facilities to
manage and query them. Once
you are granted
access to a certain database, you can configure
one or more data sources within PyCharm
that
reflect the structure of the database and store
the database access credentials. Based on this
information,
PyCharm establishes connection to
the database and provides the ability to retrieve
or change information
contained therein.
Refer to the product documentation for
details.
Polyglot IDE
PyCharm features
full-scale multi-language support. You can develop
not only pure Python code, but
also
JavaScript, CoffeeScript, HTML, XML, and more. So
doing, the majority of the powerful PyCharm's
coding assistance (code completion, syntax and
error highlighting, code analysis, intention
actions and quick
fixes, and more) is
available for the supported languages. Refer to
the PyCharm documentation pages of the
corresponding languages to learn more about
the scope of support.
With PyCharm, you can
not only create JavaScript code, but debug it too.
Find details in
theJavaScript-Specific
Guidelines, and in the tutorial Debugging
JavaScript with PyCharm.
That's it, folks!
Here we have given a very concise overview of
some vital PyCharm facilities, just to give you a
quick start.
There are numerous important
features that make developer's life nice and easy,
and the source code nice
and
clean. Try now these primary steps, and then dig
deeper. Enjoy!
We realize you may still have
questions. We welcome you to ask them on PyCharm
Discussion Forum.
For further reading please
check PyCharm's tutorials space and Resources
page.
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