汽车新技术英语论文

汽车新技术英语论文
文件编码（008-TTIG-UTITD-GKBTT-PUUTI-WYTUI-8256）

《汽车专业英语》
课程论文
学生姓名：

专 业： 车辆工程

班 级： 八班

学 号：

指导教师：

华南理工大学广州学院

Automotive technology

Summary : Automotive born since the last century , has gone through ups
and downs of a hundred years . From Karl Benz 's first create a three-
wheeled car to 18 kilometers per hour , went now , actually born from
zero speed to accelerate to 100 km h takes only a little more than
three seconds supercar . From simple ordinary car into a set of audio,
navigation , night vision , energy is one of the modern smart car . This
century , the speed of development of the car is so amazing !

Keywords : energy , smart , safe and comfortable

Introduction : In 1886, the world's first motor car came equipped with
one . Since then, mankind goodbye to the
of the automobile .
This not only changed people's way of life, but also changes in the world
economy, culture , penetrated into all areas of human production and life,
directly affects the human development process. People can not help but
exclaim : Auto is the machine that changed the world , is run through the
20th century 's most influential major inventions .

Car , by the tens of thousands of parts of this combination walking
machine , as pottery , stone , bronze , steam represents an era of human

civilization as it burst out of cultural ideas , the condensation of
human wisdom, shining contemporary science and technology, light plastic
arts , the interpretation of human civilization and pride today .

Vice president of research and planning GM Burns said: car of
the future will have the following seven characteristics : safe ,
inexpensive, environmentally friendly, practical, efficient , saving time
and providing contact with the outside world, which means automotive
industry must focus on low- cost, practicality, design and technical
innovation . today, in this network drive of the day, digital
applications is growing at an unprecedented rate and the way to integrate
the car's design, engineering , procurement and manufacturing integrate
the business , which enables us to shorten the development time of the
car, and at a faster speed to market of new cars . There are two main
aspects:

First, the car design. As more and more use of computer tools to be
able to develop more models, models in a shorter time . As more and more
use of mathematical models to simulate the design verification can be
achieved and recognized automotive aerodynamics , anti- collision
performance , manufacturability , thus greatly reducing development time .
Meanwhile car manufacturers are increasingly using virtual vehicle
concept , eliminating the need to produce physical prototypes can be
assembled to observe , simulate vehicle performance and manufacturing
processes, and to carry out more and more manufacturers, research
institutes , government and among suppliers strategic partnership to
further accelerate the vehicle development time .

As the leading consumer lifestyle automotive design trends, the birth
of a new kind of car , and then more and more to meet consumer demand .
These new products will be a combination of sedan, station wagon, pickup
trucks, sport utility vehicle characteristics in varying degrees , but
also will contribute to further differentiate the automotive market .

Second, in terms of vehicle dynamics . Experts predict that in the
next 10 years, the internal combustion engine will continue to play a
major source of automotive power . However, the main development
direction of future automotive power systems are increasingly adopting
lean-burn gasoline engines, diesel engine technology , optimized fuel
engine combination , as well as better catalytic technology.

Automotive powertrain configuration will have changed. Multiple power
technology and fuel hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles , etc.
will become increasingly popular. These cutting-edge technology is
expected to reduce or eliminate vehicle emissions and pollution of the
environment in the future.

Furthermore, future vehicles , large mechanical systems will be
replaced by electronic systems. This will greatly improve the car 's
driving performance and driving safety . Its features such as: speech
recognition , keyless ignition , etc. .

It can be said , is a prominent feature of the new generation of car :
the car will be configured more electronic devices, computer capabilities
and Internet access. The car is equipped with : Traffic Information
function , route planning and navigation equipment, advanced navigation
equipment, automotive infotainment devices. So , the car will become
available and consumers to exchange home, office information unit of
information , communication and entertainment center. In the automotive
safety : In order to protect the safety of vehicle occupants , car
manufacturers will set a new generation of seat belts in the car, the
energy absorbing structure , front and side airbags , smart sensors
trigger airbags , emergency situations of distress signals.

First, energy saving era

A

In early 2013 , many cities including Beijing shrouded in a haze
being , index in some cities even once close to 1000 , sulfur faintly
audible , and therefore a lot of people even admitted to the hospital .

refers to the diameter of the atmosphere is less than or equal to
micron particles, because it is difficult to human settlement and will be
directly inhaled into the lungs and into the blood, so it will threaten
people's health, especially those living in having thousands million
people and hundreds of million vehicles in big cities people. For a car
prices, although unable to make changes to the environment of the city,
but avoid sitting in the car through technical innovations such person
inhaled particulate matter. Green Net technology into the car of a
diameter less than or equal to micron particles by electrostatic effects
similar to blocking and filtering, and ultimately achieve the effect of:

outdoor is higher than the value in the case of 150 , the value of the
car under 12, which is equivalent to the level of excellent air quality
index level.

January 10, 2013 , world-class technical analysis meeting held in
Beijing, BYD announced a product called green clean car new
technology that can effectively deal with fog and haze travel problems .

The so-called green clean technology is inside the air filter
technology, which can be triple car air purifier , control the car in 12
or less, provide a healthy environment for air passengers in the car ,
and the entire purification process only a few seconds . In addition, for
many suffering from
green cleantechnology will be a big It is understood ,
Green Net technology integration in the car air-conditioning systems ,
enabling the car or vehicle air testing, and have for car air
filtration , sterilization, deodorant and other purification. The
technology will purify the air through four , by purifying the air value
can be reduced to 12 or less, for the majority of users to be able to
create a little space to breathe healthy air .

图1 比亚迪“绿净”技术的两项核心技术

BYD net new green technologies developed , is a technique to improve
the air quality inside the vehicle. BYD to customer demand, but also to
long-standing practice green business ideas, technology integration
innovation launched by the Green net technology. This technology through
triple purification, the first layer ionization plate, a second layer of
fluffy cotton static electricity, and the third layer HAF, can quickly
clean the compartment diameter greater than microns can be suspended
particulate matter within 30 seconds, achieved when the vehicle
environment greater than 150, the car is less than the effect of ambient
12, greatly enhance the interior air quality. If someone smoking car,
start the technology will soon be filtered smoke, vehicle environment can
quickly be purified, in terms of which the majority of smokers are also a
great boon. We can say that BYD's green technology not only allows the
net to have everyone be able to breathe healthy air in a small space, a
lot more to improve urban pollution provides a practical solution.

BYD green net includes two core technologies - electret

electrostatic capture technology and dual ESP technology. Using
electrostatic capture electret charged electret fine particles in the air
to change direction , the impact on the filter fibers are intercepted.
ESP art dual electrostatic generator charged particles in the air , due
to the electrostatic effect through HAF was blocked material removed .

B

50 years ago, people already know the basics of semiconductor
material can produce light , the first commercial diode produced in 1960 .
The core of the light-emitting diode is a wafer made of a p -type
semiconductor and an n -type semiconductor , the p -type semiconductor
between the n -type semiconductor and an intermediate layer , called the
pn junction . In some semiconductor materials , PN junction, the
injection of minority carriers and majority carrier recombination will
the excess energy released in the form of light , which converts
electrical energy directly into light energy . PN junction reverse
voltage , minority carrier injection is difficult, it is not light . This
use of injection electroluminescent diodes called the principle of making
light-emitting diodes, commonly known as LED. When it is in working
condition ( ie, ends with a positive voltage ) , current from the LED
anode to the cathode , the semiconductor crystals from the ultraviolet to
the infrared light of different colors , light intensity and current .
High light efficiency, low light decay power LED, has been widely used in
many lighting lamps, mining lamps, tunnel lights, spotlights, fluorescent
lamps , etc. , by the industry alike.

Features source : ① new green light : LED cold light source using a
small glare, no radiation, no use of harmful substances. LED 's operating
voltage is low, the DC drive, ultra- low power consumption ( single tube
~ , electro-optical power conversion close to 100% , under the same
lighting effects than traditional energy sources more than 80%. LED 's
environmental benefits of better , no ultraviolet and infrared spectra ,
and recyclable waste , no pollution , no mercury elements , safe touch ,
typical of the green lighting.

② Long life : LED is solid cold light source, epoxy resin, anti-
vibration, light body and no loose parts , there is no filament light
easy to burn , heat deposition , the light fades and other shortcomings ,
the service life of up to 60,000 to 100,000 hours, which is more than 10

times the life of traditional light sources . LED performance and
stability , can work normally under -30 ~ +50 oC environment.

③ Multi- transform : LED light source can make use of red, green and
blue color theory , under the control of computer technology to make
three kinds of colors with 256 gray scale , and any mix , you can
generate 256X256X256 ( ie ) colors to form a different light color
combination. LED color changing light combination can achieve a variety
of dynamic effects and variety of images.

④ high-tech : Compared with conventional light sources glow , LED
lighting is low voltage microelectronic products , the successful
integration of computer technology, network communication technology,
image processing and embedded control technology. Chip size used in
conventional LED lights for while the size of LED lighting are generally
required in more. Working Desktop LED die molded structure , inverted
pyramid structure and flip-chip design can improve the luminous
efficiency , thus sending more light. The innovative design of the LED
package includes a substrate of high conductivity metal block , the flip
chip design and the naked disc cast lead frame type , these methods can
design a high power, low thermal resistance of the device used , and
illumination than conventional LED devices greater illumination products .

LED is an electronic light-emitting principle of the use made of
semiconductor devices, which can directly convert electrical energy into
variable light with high luminous efficiency , long life, low power
consumption, small size and other characteristics , known as the 21st
century
materials used in the production of LED light source does not contain
heavy metals, compared with other light sources emitting efficiency can
be improved by more than 20%. LED lifetime is very long , the average
time between failures of 100,000 h, and the LED are solid package of
solid light , its resistance to vibration but also other sources can not
be compared, from the point of view of these advantages , LED energy
saving is undoubtedly the first choice , a typical example is precisely
because of this , LED lights in automotive interior lighting has also
been widely used, the Audi A8 with optional ambient lighting in the
lighting package is for this application. Due to energy saving LED lights
is very good, it also applies to urban rail vehicle lighting systems.

As LED lighting is not only environmentally-friendly cars , more
important is to ensure the safety and reliability . For example in 2008
in an Audi -developed beam will allow motorists driving at night , not
because the lights are too bright leaving the driver of the oncoming
vehicle explosion temporarily blinded . By changing the lighting step ,
so that this technique can be achieved : an electronic system to keep the
distance between any vehicle approaching tested to ensure no irritation
to the driver of the oncoming vehicle while on the road ahead for ideal
lighting , for example, when traveling in the city, the interior lights
will be brighter while driving on rural roads, the lights will
automatically dim outside the car so as not to affect vision . This
function is achieved headlights with LED lights manufactured .

LED 's safety is more important is reflected in its rapid response
capacity, in reality the real vehicle test, the same person in the speed
of 80 km of the situation began to brake , the LED will watch the
reaction speed is faster than incandescent ahead 4-5 m to achieve full
brake. This highlights the rapid reaction
capability in taillights , you can greatly
improve driver safety.

As the cost of LED , light is confined to a
few years ago this Reiz , Crown , Cadillac,
Sagitar , majestic , like other high-end sedan ,
but the development up to now , a lot of middle
and low car also used LED lights.

2010 , car manufacturers in Formula One racing pioneered and embraced
LED lights as taillights, brake lights and daytime running lights . Thus ,
LED lamps and energy- saving safety are evident .

LED lights developed faster and faster, but there is still need for
improvement. The biggest challenge is the LED self-heating issue that ,
if resolved, will not only be illuminated to achieve better results , the
cost will be reduced accordingly. Enhance the breadth of LED
illumination , while reducing its impact on the external environment , I
believe that these areas are the focus of current and future LED
research , if the solution will greatly promote the development of the
LED.

C gasoline direct injection technology

With the development of the industrialized world , the car became an
integral part of the main modes of transport , but as a key driver of
this car carburetor gasoline engine exhaust harmful components (CO, HC
and NOX , etc. ) caused by atmospheric pollution, combustion products
carbon dioxide and produce the effect causing global
warming. With the increasing number of cars on the human environment
hazards increasingly intensified , so the car's energy conservation has
become an important global issues need to be addressed urgently .

By definition is the direct injection of fuel at very high pressure
atomizing spray into the cylinder , it is different from the naturally
aspirated engine , gasoline is injected directly into the cylinder, there
is no pre-mixed intake , and intake non- pressure turbine larger than can
be achieved more accurate mixing ratio , better control of the
concentration and distribution of the mixture within the cylinder to
improve fuel efficiency and torque.

When droplets of gasoline direct injection from in-cylinder air
mainly depend from the wall surface rather than absorbing endothermic and
thus can reduce the temperature of the mixed vapor and the volume
decreases, thus contributing to improve the charging efficiency and to
reduce the knock tendency increasing the compression ratio. Calculations
show that in the gasoline droplets evaporate completely rely on heat from
the air or from the wall endothermic rely entirely on these two extremes ,
the mixed steam cylinder volume when the air-fuel ratio of difference of
about 7% , while the mixed steam the temperature at the point away from
the front of the stop about 50 ℃. Therefore, compared with port
injection gasoline engine , pneumatic cylinder direct-injection gasoline
engine efficiency increased by 10% , while also greatly reduced tendency
to knock , knock limited by the performance of the ignition timing
advance a number of crank angle , thus compression ratio can be increased
from to 2 , in favor of improving the thermal efficiency of the gasoline
engine , reducing fuel consumption ( about 2% ) . Especially in favor of
the use of pressurized gasoline engine and apply a higher compression
ratio , to overcome the adverse impact due to the relatively small
supercharged gasoline engine compression while the part-load fuel
consumption brings, while improving the supercharged gasoline engine at
2500rmin less boost pressure in the low speed range torque at 1200rmin

can be increased by 25% , significantly improved driving performance
gasoline engine speed torque characteristics and vehicles.

In addition, because the gasoline is injected directly into the
cylinder , enabling stratified lean mixture combustion steam , making the
low-load condition when the air-fuel ratio can be increased to more than
40 , eliminating the need to turn down the throttle to limit the intake
air , the use of that kind of like a diesel engine quality adjustment
method , basically to avoid the engine pumping losses in the ventilation
process , help to reduce fuel consumption . Meanwhile, in the case of a
high air-fuel ratio due to changes in the physical properties of the
vapor mixture , and an increase in the adiabatic index stratification
resulting vapor mixture to reduce heat loss , so that the thermal
efficiency of the engine is further improved. As the car engine is
running at low load conditions frequently , so layered mix gasoline
direct-injection gasoline engine combustion average fuel consumption can
be reduced by 15 to 20 %. In Europe, vehicle emissions combined cycle
(MVEG) driving test, its fuel consumption was significantly lower than
the inlet injection gasoline engine has reached the equivalent of a non-
direct injection diesel engine fuel consumption levels.

In Shanghai Volkswagen EA888 engine, for example , talking about
EA888, can be described as mass star engine . Volkswagen in China has
been saddled with
the EA888 to yer . Advanced direct injection turbo technology, the title
of world's best engine so that the public from the Lord of the naturally
aspirated engine (NA machine ) stand out, proud. It is worth mentioning
that, in foreign Volkswagen EA888 engine is also equipped with a lean-
burn technology to progress to reduce fuel consumption , but after the
introduction of Chinese public castration. EA888 public body with a
variety of high-tech core for many years of painstaking research , the
core of which is the core of direct injection technology. Pre-mixed
ordinary naturally aspirated engine , fuel and air in the intake
manifold , oil ( gasoline ) is only about 3bar. The intake stroke of the
piston downward until the pre- mixed gas mixture is further mixed at a
high temperature of the combustion chamber is further atomized to achieve
better mixing of the air ratio , and finally to push the piston spark
plug ignition . Hydrocarbon concentration in the mixture thus produced ,

the various parts of the gas mixture in the cylinder is difficult to
achieve precise control over the combustion efficiency can not be
improved much . And the name suggests is the direct injection of fuel at
very high pressure atomizing spray into the cylinder , it is different
from the naturally aspirated engine , gasoline is injected directly into
the cylinder, there is no pre-mixed intake , and feed gas pressure should
be larger than the non- turbine , to achieve a more precise mixing ratio ,
better control of the concentration and distribution of the mixture
within the cylinder , to improve fuel efficiency and torque. But ordinary
pump 3bar injection pressure is not directly injected into the cylinder ,
even spray inside, too late to mix not ignite , in other words just can
not work. This requires a special middle part - common rail high-pressure
pumps. The main role is to produce the so- called high-pressure pump high
pressure oil using three radial piston pump oil components arranged to
generate high pressure oil. Low- pressure fuel pump (3-6bar) will enter
the high-pressure fuel pump, high-pressure fuel pump pressurized to 100-
150bar into the high- pressure fuel rail , and finally by rail glib
injected into the cylinder , and the pressure to complete the work of a
delivery of fuel , according to the public official EA888 engine design
document , the normal operating pressure of the high pressure common rail
pump psi (50 atm ) to (150 atm ) , maximum pressure 200 atm !

Indeed , the pressurized fuel is injected into the first , to obtain
a combustion gas mixture is designed to achieve , not in the car. But
from Boeing Phantom Works - The Department of Defense designed
specifically for studio bomb discovered the reason why ordinary explosive
power than the design time is small, and the reason is not explosive
combustion air . If the bomb exploded moments before the release of high-
pressure gas mixture (called cloud blasting agent ) , and then ignited ,
it can get much more powerful than conventional weapons, bombs . 1 kg
cloud burst agent is equivalent to kg of TNT power. According to this
principle , the . military designed the female is called bombs (MOAB) of
grinder FAE . At 16:00 on February 13, 1991 , Baghdad, Iraq,
Liberia Ami dugout . Phantom design studio bunker grinder through
tens of meters of reinforced concrete floors and walls, will blow a big
hole in the air-raid shelter , fire explosion accompanied by the enormous
pressure of the human body to shreds knocking on the wall. Five minutes

later, a second hard
blasted in the dugout , violent explosions sky fire , the charred bodies
of human pattern formed on the wall . Fires caused by the high
temperature of 4500 degrees , not killed in the blink of an eye the
elderly, children burnt to ashes . Automatic fire extinguishing devices
dugout self-starting , high-pressure spray hose , flood instantly heated
to boiling temperature , the air-raid shelter under a layer of wounded
were all burnt to death .

Since the gas mixture can have such amazing lethality , it is clear
that the introduction of the automobile will get more power and more
fuel-efficient performance. According FAE principle , the public is a
very high- pressure pump designed compact structure , to provide power for
the pump through the intake valve camshaft, a good solution to this
problem of timing between the pump and the intake valve , also improve
fuel efficiency simultaneously as a purely mechanical structure , the
high-pressure pump with a very high reliability , Volkswagen ( Bosch )
and even designed an internal protection circuit to prevent excessive oil
pressure . Unfortunately , Volkswagen and Bosch ensures the mechanical
design despite their reliability , but the high-pressure fuel rail (Rail)
in the high- pressure fuel is not protected , in order to ensure the
smooth operation of the engine , fuel rail must maintain a certain
pressure . This is no problem in peacetime , the problem lies in the
collision . When the engine is under great external impact , the engine
is located in the high-pressure common rail injection system on the front
of the engine became the first to be part of the impact .

D green mercury- xenon lamp

The traditional car headlights uses halogen lamps , lighting levels
provided to give the car is very limited , which also affects the safe
driving of the car, there is a drawback is the short life of traditional
halogen car headlights , and contains an internal a certain amount of
elemental mercury , neither saving nor environmentally friendly. Today
there have been many new types of cars to replace traditional halogen
headlights .

Philips Lighting in June 2004 launched the world's first car with a
green mercury- xenon headlamps , since in hernia hernia lamp as a light
source in the evolving field of automotive lighting and up to now has

been a large number of applications. HID referred HID (High Intensity
Discharge) lamps , its greatest charm is its security. This is mainly due
to the multi -beam HID lamp will further bring wider than halogen ,
greater strength, provided near the light more effectively . In the dark,
especially in the suburbs vehicles , xenon headlights can significantly
improve the car in front of lighting to illuminate roadside signs and
Crossroads , the importance of road safety is unquestionable . Moreover ,
the same wattage HID halogen lamp brightness is about 2 to 3 times
farther range is also wider , improve night driving safety. In terms of
energy use , the need for general vehicles per hour consumes about
halogen headlights 60W, and some HID xenon headlights ballast under
stable operation , an average of only 35W, much lower than the usual
halogen lamps. HID can significantly reduce the burden of vehicle power
system to achieve the energy efficiency requirements. Xenon lamp current
to stimulate the gas light, basically does not produce excessive heat, so
long as one can not run out of Xenon normal light, easy to damage.
According to a study , even then a high quality halogen bulb , life that
is up to 400 h, and general HID, life there are at least 3 000 h, the car
under normal circumstances , HID can be used for 5 ~ 6 a. HID not damaged
and long life , to meet the energy requirements of automotive lighting .

In 2008 , became popular in the United States and Europe a new front
fog lamps , also without a mercury- xenon lamp , which uses 24W of light,
not only structural design is very simple, only two parts , the ordinary
PC ( polycarbonate ) materials, production processes reduce the
difficulty , the passing rate, low lighting and material costs , ease of
installation , the total cost is greatly reduced. Most importantly , the
weight of this product is very light fixtures than our common products to
light 200 q. The life of the product is three times that of other
products , when driving at night for those who always like to open the
front fog lamps to assist improve the brightness of the driver is a very
good choice. Mercury- xenon lamp is the use of zinc to replace mercury
and other harmful substances to make them more environmentally friendly.
The biggest benefit is that mercury -free Xenon inflation pressure
mercury lamp containing a large increase to more than 1 times , and the
starting current increases to A, so that the speed of light reached to
start fast requirements, thus saving energy. As can be seen , not only to

provide high brightness xenon lamp to ensure safety , but also very
energy- efficient products, headlight current and future automotive
lighting systems are widely used .

Of course , the application of a xenon lamp is the need for certain
conditions . Since the HID lamp is designed for relatively high
precision , not self- modification, if it is not equipped with the
optical requirements cause light pollution , which requires a xenon lamp
in the market to increase the number of original equipment vehicle , at
the same time bring the cost is now an urgent problem .

Second, smart car era

A BYD remote driving techniques

BYD speed sharp is the world's first production car equipped with
this technology .

If you are a novice just to get a driver's license , if you are not
good at reversing , then , simply buy a car with remote control driving
it, so you can stand on the remote control car external command, like a
child , like control toy car simple.

Remote driving means within visual range of 10 meters , the driver in
the vehicle using the remote controller drivers , security control to
start the vehicle , the retreat and steering control of the vehicle at
low speed , and then take the car to solve the narrow channel , narrow
channel Parking, narrow channel traffic and other problems.

Remote driving under BYD's efforts have become a reality. Following
the 2012 launch generation of remote control technology, beginning in
2013 , BYD announced the launch of the second generation of remote
driving technology, overcome technical difficulties to achieve steering,
while moving operation.

Driving speed sharp remote radio waves depends very remote data
transmission , remote control transmitter frequency 315MHz. 315MHz
frequency remote control central locking car currently used , will be
driving the R & D cost savings of signal frequencies to pass through this
and also comply with the limits for the Ministry of Information Industry
made the remote control frequency , but need to face a real problem ,
that is anti-jamming capability. In theory, as long as the same frequency

and transmit power larger external devices can interfere with radio
remote control function , a common radio, home alarm system with wireless
sensors , radios belong to the source of interference . And the maximum
speed may be sharp to face interference from the remote controller
itself , since all remote driving speed with the remote transmitter a
sharp frequency was 315MHz, and the transmission power thereof is also
similar .

Super sharp to get a remote control , in addition to the ordinary
remote control key to open the door unlock button , you can also slide
open like a slider phone as the key , then you can see the start ,
steering and forward and back buttons , all remote functions on a
vehicle , rely on the communication bus, cAN-BUS is completed and
electronic control - for example, through e -gear retaining the
transmission , and the transmission is not retaining the mechanical
connection ( P ordinary automatic transmission gear, an electromechanical
gear the still has a mechanical connection and transmission ) steering
relied electronic power steering , steering gear driven by a motor to
complete electronic parking brake is electronic handbrake is
responsible for unlocking the vehicle brakes and brake .

BYD had once appeared remote control technology , there are many
users of this technology for security expressed doubts , and after
further our understanding of it , in fact, these fears are not necessary.
First, the traveling speed of the vehicle is very low, only 2 km h
slower than people on foot , in fact, for this rate there is a small
episode , BYD's first R & D personnel to set the speed of vehicles
traveling at 5 km h , and later they passed experience found that for
the initial contact with the experience of remote vehicle technologies
are concerned, this rate is still too fast , the risk exists reaction,
however , so they speed down to current levels . Meanwhile, the double-
clutch transmission module in which the speed is tested for a long time
without overheating problems , believed to use for the average user
environment, should also not be used for a long time , but there is no
overheating problem.

Secondly, the vehicle drive control logic , whether forward or
backward in the state , as long as the driver to stop the operation , the
vehicle can not accept the remote control signal , it will automatically

brake the electronic parking brake , clutch with dual-clutch module also
the disconnect automatically jump back to the P block , the vehicle stops.
So based on this , in the case of electromagnetic interference by
outsiders , the same can not receive remote control signals of the
vehicle , the vehicle will automatically stop , there will be no danger
of runaway .

B intelligent lights

Intelligent car intelligent car headlights promoted , in order to
ensure the safety of automotive lighting , 2008 Audi in efforts to create
a way to think for themselves and make intelligent lights reflect in
advance. In 2006 , Audi active rotary studied headlights, the front light
beam shape changes with the surrounding environment changes . Dynamic
cornering light beam , which is characterized in different turning
radius , the headlamp capable of swinging in the level of ± 150 ° ,
which makes the turn - while there have been an intelligent headlamp
system lights illuminate the area has almost doubled , to help motorists
better able to adapt to the curve road faster. When the turning radius of
190 m, ordinary headlights can illuminate about 30 m at the front
corners , and the dynamic cornering lights illuminate corners can be
extended area around 25 m. When you activate the high beam function,
dynamic cornering lights also play a role.

Adaptive headlamp system . Driving at night people have such an
experience , in the dark of night , on the road than the sight of dead
during the day . In particular there are no street lights in many corners
of the road, the driver's line of sight is limited to the linear range of
the headlight beam irradiation , for the person or detour suddenly
appeared , most can only fate. Statistical data from the . Insurance
Institute for Highway Safety show that the probability of traffic
accidents at night is 1 to times during the day , more than 20% of the
fatal accidents occurred between midnight and six in the morning , but
this time the only all-day traffic %. The statistics reflect not only
dangerous for the driver to bring the night , pedestrians also due to the
lack of automotive lighting and being in danger . In order to change this
situation and improve security lighting , an automatic steering headlamp
emerged. Car headlights automatic steering system called Adaptive
Headlights . It can be based on steering wheel angle , yaw rate and

vehicle speed , continuous dynamic adjustment of the headlights to adapt
to the current steering angle , lighting direction consistent with
maintaining the current direction of travel of the car , to ensure
optimum illumination of the road ahead and provide driving members
provide optimum visibility , thereby enhancing the safety of driving in
the dark . On the road without ( weak ) or light curve of the road , it
will expand the driver's field of vision , opposite the car to remind
drivers to advance . Adaptive headlamp system has a very important part -
the operation detection system, which is used to achieve automatic
adjustment of the headlight illumination direction necessary .

Automatic headlamp leveling system . When driving at night , traffic
changes , changes in loading , braking and acceleration control , etc.
will cause the tilt angle changes, thereby enabling the beam angle of
beam light changes, so will likely result in an oncoming vehicle driving
loss of sight or who have a strong sense of glare , resulting in a safety
hazard. Automatic headlamp leveling system is to solve this problem of a
technology . When the system works , it will automatically adjust the
vehicle load changes the pitch angle of projection HID headlamps to
ensure that their projected height within the appropriate range , both to
achieve good lighting effects according to and does not affect the driver
of the vehicle caused dizzy head Currently, effectively protect the
traffic safety . In order to ensure the safety of the car at night will
be car headlights must have the correct azimuth beam irradiation . GB GB
7258-2004 the safe operation of a motor vehicle technical conditions
specified : vehicle near light beam and the left beam irradiation levels
azimuthal deviation of not more than left ', the level of the rest of
the headlight beam irradiation azimuth deviation shall greater than 2.
0 °. Headlight beam irradiation azimuth detection is one of the project
will be seized car safety testing , so the current development of the
automotive headlamp measurement error correction system [ 16 ] is a
necessary and important. This technique can greatly guarantee the
accuracy of measuring the azimuth beam irradiation , thus ensuring the
safety of cars .

C Lexus unmanned

Many mass- produced luxury cars are equipped with driver assistance
systems , adaptive cruise can be achieved , and road assistance,

automatic parking function, etc., but these techniques are only driving
role played amended from real unmanned there are some distance.

If you're lazy enough , even lazy to a car wanted to sleep , then set
the destination after you sleep in peace , driverless technology will
take you to where you want .

This is no nonsense , driverless car technology has been achieved.

In the 2013 International Consumer Electronics Show , Lexus '
advanced active safety research vehicle platform debut, this platform
and car GPS, radar, laser range finders and stereo cameras , ultra-
precise accelerator odometer and other equipment can be stored in the
data match, can detect changes in the environment around the car , and
even able to determine the traffic lights , so that other vehicles on the
vehicle and the road network to exchange information , helping the driver
to drive amended to achieve

According to British car magazine autocar11 April 19 reported that
former Tokyo Motor Show , Lexus revealed its two latest unmanned
technologies , expected early realization of unmanned .

Coordinate system adapted to cruising (CACC) and lane tracking
control (LTC), these two technologies allows unmanned in the city roads
and corners as possible, take a step to realize unmanned . According to
Lexus revealed two new technologies will be launched in Japan in 2015 .

After obtaining special permission Japanese government agencies and
local police , the Lexus IS using unmanned technology , in Tokyo rush
hour test drive . Autocar 's reporter sitting IS copilot position to
explore exactly how to achieve the IS engineer unmanned highway through
Tokyo and demonstrate skills sharp turn .

To achieve unmanned flow lane and straight road, only through
legislation. Lexus CAAC and using LTC technology , enabling the car to
any section of the staggered winding highway in the Greater Tokyo area
unmanned . CACC radio frequency communication technology can be judged in
front of vehicle acceleration rate and braking rate with other vehicles ,
thus to keep the distance between the two vehicles car .

It is reported that , LTC technology allows unmanned Furthermore , it
can achieve a radius of 50 meters in the car , at speeds up to 40 miles
hour lane from around a week , on the straights , the speed up to 70
miles hour. LTC millimeter-wave radar cameras through the front

windshield and the top of the device should be kept in the car line , the
use of vehicle positioning system to determine the front line.

In fact, as early as five months before completely driverless
technology has been achieved. August 2012 , Google announced that its
self-developed unmanned vehicles completed approximately 480,000
kilometers of accident-free driving, and get a road approved by the .
government. It is expected that unmanned technology or applied in the
near future .

This allows us to believe that the unmanned been getting closer .

D smart keys, cell phone when the key

Nissan experts, common keyless entry system is composed of a
transmitter , remote central locking control module , driver
authorization system control module consisting of three receivers and
associated wiring harness control system. Remote control and transmitter
integrated in the car keys , the vehicle can be based on a signal sent to
the smart key into the lock or not to lock state can even automatically
close the windows and sunroof .

This system uses RFID ( radio frequency identification ) technology ,
under normal circumstances , when the owners approached the vehicle
within a distance of about one meter , it will automatically open the
door and disarm anti-theft When leaving the vehicle , the door will
automatically lock and into the security state . When the owners into the
car , the car detection system will immediately identify the smart card ,
then just gently press the start button ( or knob ) , you can normally
start the vehicle.

And now smart phones have become every office worker 's
but as more and more cell phone screen , leaving the car keys in his
pocket space is getting smaller and smaller . In this case , smart phones
and smart key combined become a trend.

The so-called smart key function generally consists of two parts ,
namely, door lock control ( control of doors and windows ) and engine
start control ( engine control ) . Smart key in use , all information
transfer using wireless signals are transmitted , the owner can be
completed without his keys on and off , or use the on-board equipment
such as car parking .

Today, including BYD , including some car manufacturers have been

eager in this regard , and is expected in the near future , smart key
system will be embedded in the smart phone system. When you get closer to
your
screen , you can start the car .

Toyota was the first to introduce wireless charging technology
carmaker , but in comparison, South Korea's Hyundai Motor Company in the
coming years NFC plans seem to be more ambitious . The company plans to
introduce new connection concept ( plan to create a finished product in
2015 ) to completely stop the use of metal car keys . As an alternative ,
the future of car users only need an NFC- enabled mobile phone can
control the car.

Modern wireless technology company with existing technologies,
wireless systems can be installed to allow their users to use mobile
applications to unlock the door , but the process is a bit complicated.
Through NFC technology, every car owner can save the phone -specific
configuration files, so in theory can automatically adjust the car mirror
position , seat inclination and the most suitable stereo volume. Modern
car company also has a built- induction charging tray , users can charge
a compatible device in the process of moving . Meanwhile, the car will
contact touch screen , music libraries, and other personal data .

According to BGR reports, Hyundai (HYUNDAI) car company is developing
a new technology that allows smartphone into control car
Hyundai to showcase the new concept of connection (Connectivity
Concept) at its European headquarters in Frankfurt , Germany . The
concept is simple : to control everything via smartphones car .

According to Hyundai Motor introduced through with a near field
communication in the car (NFC) chip , the driver waving long before the
smartphone chip will be able to open the door , in order to start the car,
put the phone on the center console can be. You can also establish a
connection with the phone mounted on the dashboard of the 7-inch display ,
and the ability to control music via voice , phone , text messaging and
other functions.

These are just Connectionnumerous solutions containing a
small part of the entire system can identify different smart phones, thus
enabling personalized custom control, to meet different needs. Including
debugging and setting the seat , mirrors and other entertainment

features .

If you are worried about missing phone will cause unnecessary trouble,
smart key system can also set a password or fingerprint recognition to
strengthen security measures.

Third, the safety and comfort of the times

A Toyota launch control technology

Wrong operation is an important cause of traffic accidents produced ,
while the vast majority of errors are due to the operation of the
driver's technical proficiency or not caused by emotional stress . For
example, when the driver stop the process of hanging the wrong gear , it
will display an alert on the dashboard and engine power of the system
will be controlled within safe limits in order to prevent the occurrence
of sudden acceleration . In addition , the role of the system is also
more than that. If in the process of reversing the accident collision ,
because the driver may not release the throttle panic would hang forward
gear , it 's time to start control system can prevent secondary
collisions .

To solve these problems , Toyota developed a start control . The so-
called launch control technology, is the body side parking assist radar
and radar sensors and vehicle start assist system combining technology
driver avoid operating errors .

When the vehicle is traveling , parking , start-up and parallel
parking , the system will automatically monitor the driver's operation of
the steering wheel, accelerator and brake . When the wrong operation ,
the vehicle will automatically ignore the error directive issued by the
driver entirely avoid the misuse caused by runaway vehicle .

It is understood that this new technology will be road tested Toyota
in 2013 , and is expected to begin in the second half of the Toyota
production car configuration .

B Mercedes magic control system

Although the Active Body Control system ( English called Active Body
Control, hereinafter referred to as ABC) still advanced, but the magic of
the latest Mercedes-Benz control system will replace the status of ABC
systems.

The so- called ABC system is changed according to the traffic
characteristics of the suspension system damping , braking or when the
vehicle starts to change the body posture can be suppressed , greatly
reducing vehicle bumps sense technology.

The magic of the control system is installed on the front windshield
of the two cameras to monitor real-time traffic conditions can be
detected in front of about meters to meters , accurate to 1 to 2 cm of
ups and downs. The system by passing data to the active cruise control
system to provide a more secure control of traffic.

Although the ABC system can respond quickly based on feedback from
the road , but even then the fast response can only be reactive .
Today, the magic of the control system is able to tell the front of the
vehicle before encountering bumpy road , the suspension to react in
advance , so that

This system has taken the lead in the Mercedes-Benz F700 concept car
to get tested. The new S-Class will be the whole system will use a newly
designed four-link front and rear multi-link suspension system , the use
of lighter aluminum material to improve response time , so that the
vehicle has sharper handling, the most important yes, magic control
system (Magic Ride Control System) will be paired with the next-
generation S-Class .

C the collision warning system

Collision warning system is a traffic hazard and can predict the risk
of collision occurred before issuing seconds to alert the driver to
prevent accidents occurring product , known as the third eye never
tired .

AWS system is through dynamic video camera technology and computer
image processing technology to achieve its warning function , it has
three major functions:

Before the collision warning . The system can be issued in danger of
seconds before the collision alarms to remind brakes while taillights
flashing alert behind the car note , to avoid rear-end collision ; .

Lane departure warning . Systems can be issued before unconsciousness
occurs seconds lane departure alert , to draw attention to maintain safe
driving on the original lane , this feature is particularly suitable for
long-distance motorists and fatigue driving.

Vehicle distance monitoring and early warning . Always allow the
driver to maintain a safe driving distance , and can send alerts when the
car away from the presence of danger.

AWS through the practical application of European, American and
Israeli native for many years , the study concluded that 90% of
applications AWS system to avoid a car accident , it is because AWS
outstanding performance and unique technology , from March 2007 , several
well-known cars in Europe manufacturers began to use AWS in a variety of
car -related technologies, such as 08 new models BMW 5,6,7 series , 2008
Cadillac STS, DTS and other GM models, 08 Volvo S80, V70, XC70 , and so
on .

The safety car use more and more people 's attention , but also the
car manufacturers focus has been emphasized in recent years , many
manufacturers have in recent years on active safety and passive safety
were a lot of ongoing research , in order to achieve security is
maximized. In the active safety, to improve the visual conditions, low
noise vehicle , vehicle instrument readability and an alarm signal , the
driving stability , good steering , ABS braking , special chassis design ,
all-wheel drive , etc., made great progress. In terms of passive safety ,
passenger safety seats, the deformation zone , seat belts , air bags,
laminated glass , the tank into the right position , the fuel pump safety
switch , etc., are not a small achievement. Car overall safety
performance has been greatly improved, but can not meet the requirements
for the safety of people .

China's first collision warning system

Matt Pentium remote Automotive Group Information Services Limited, a
sophisticated Israeli military technology, specifically tailored for the
Chinese car road traffic collision warning systems , AWS break through
the range of active safety research , the main reasons for road accidents
( road deviation : 20% of a car accident caused by , resulting in 60% of
deaths in rear-end accidents : 28% of the total accident ) creative
research design, before the car accident , intelligent , humane prompt
the driver to effectively prevent traffic accidents.

AWS has a forward collision warning (FCWS), lane departure warning
(LDWS), vehicle distance monitoring and warning (HMWS) and post- car
rear-end warning (LFWS) four functions . American Virginia State

Technical Bureau and NHTSA to study the results of 2006 show that 80% of
road traffic accidents because of negligence by the driver within three
seconds before the accident caused . Daimler Benz survey, seconds ahead
of the alarm can prevent 60% of rear-end accidents, seconds ahead of
time can prevent 90%. FCWS monitor the vehicle in front , and calculate
the collision time to issue a warning in seconds before the collision
collision may allow drivers to take action to avoid traffic accidents.
Location LDWS monitoring of vehicles in the driveway , at the time of the
occurrence of unintentional lane departure , seconds ahead of a warning .
HMWS measured distance between the front of the vehicle , the traveling
speed of the subject vehicle and used to calculate the distance and time
in front of the front of the vehicle is reached. AWS display values from
before , and issued a warning at different levels while reducing the
distance ahead . LFWS monitoring the rear of the vehicle , the risk may
be found , in addition to issuing a warning to alert drivers , but also
by flashing warning lights immediately behind the vehicle brakes to avoid
rear-end collision .

Some people said the image , AWS like Erlang third eye , never bored
monitoring cars with safety. According to expert forecasts , AWS system
to promote five years , you can make our overall 10% reduction in road
traffic accidents , reduce the economy will lose more than 2 billion
respectively.

D the Volvo V40 is equipped with pedestrian protection airbags

Volvo announced the world's first airbag for pedestrian protection ,
and will lead the assembly in the V40 models.

All along, the Volvo is considered the world's safest cars, and as
the first case of a pedestrian airbag with the world , they will soon
surpass themselves, to become more secure.

Pedestrian airbag work through a series of front bumper fitted with
sensors . A Volvo spokesman introduction:
front bumper , located in the lower part of the windscreen airbag will be
activated , the rear elevation hood , creating a piece of extra free
space in the engine compartment of the An air bag to protect mainly the
head of a pedestrian , in particular when it hit the engine hood,
windshield , or the lower portion of the front pillar .

V40 is also equipped with typically more expensive cars before

assembly upscale pedestrian detection system. The detection system
comprises a grille mounted on a radar and a camera mounted on the front
mirror . The role of radar to detect pedestrians and vehicles in front of
the car and to determine the distance between it and the car . Appeared
in front of a camera is used to determine what kind of obstacles. Clearly,
these techniques are not fool people 's stuff. After all , in Europe,
accounting for 14% of pedestrian accident deaths , while in the United
States and China , the figures were 12 % and 25 %.

The spokesman added:
Volvo V40 uses world-class pedestrian safety airbags and effective new
technology , but also enhances the security of our research and
development of this technology is aimed . reduce the risk of a pedestrian
accident , it can save the life of every one to prove their worth .

Volvo's pedestrian airbag scope of work in the speed 20km h to
between 50km h, according to Volvo statistics , in collisions involving
pedestrians have occurred in about 75% of 40km h. And Volvo has a
magnificent goal , Volvo Cars plans to achieve non- fatal accidents and
serious injuries in 2020. This pedestrian airbag Volvo placed under the
engine cover along with a fire engine cover work to unlock the device ,
the speed when the collision occurred in the pedestrian airbag open range
(20km-50km between ) , installed in front of the front collision sensor 7
will pass the data to the control unit , the control unit of the
collision data is analyzed to determine whether the airbag detonation .
When the control unit detonated pedestrian airbags, pyrotechnic release
the engine of the hinge means , after the expansion of the airbag to open
the rear of the engine cover 10 cm up from the top , so as to effectively
absorb the impact energy , thus avoiding serious pedestrian impact .

Airbags are popular on the current configuration of the car , but has
been only for airbags to protect occupants in the vehicle , when the
vehicle and pedestrian traffic accidents , pedestrians are often subject
to greater injuries , while Volvo's pedestrian airbag technology is
developed for the protection of pedestrians .

For a vehicle with a pedestrian accidents , to reduce injury to
pedestrians , the engine of the vehicle manufacturers and the fender
cover , etc. The design of a soft energy absorbing structure , but
sometimes these designs can minimize the pedestrians impact force .

Volvo aspects that they can reduce the structural design based on the
same time , adding a pedestrian airbag can further protect pedestrians
being hit . When hit pedestrians, rear engine cover slightly improved,
while the balloon is opened, efforts to slow the impact of pedestrian
head and body . After testing, the pedestrians were hit , hit his head
with the highest likelihood of a vehicle windshield and A-pillar , so
Volvo pedestrian protection airbags designed U-shaped structure.

Volvo has enjoyed for decades,
and popular. Volvo's ambition is now more ambitious, he must not only
ensure the safety of the occupants, but also concerned about the safety
of the car layman, 2020 Volvo achieve its advocacy of non-fatal accidents
and serious injuries also shows that the goal of an enterprise safety
determination.

E Electronic Stability Program (ESP)

ESP 's English name is Electronic Stablity Program, ESP is actually a
powerful vehicle stability control system, its features include anti-lock
braking system (ABS), electronic brake force distribution system (EBD
EBV), driven anti-skid system (ASR TCS), is the highest form of vehicle
stability control system. Compared with other vehicle stability system ,
ESP not only control wheels , and can control the driven wheel . As often
occurs in rear-wheel drive car oversteer situations , when the rear wheel
drift out of control , ESP will slowly brake the outside front wheel to
stabilize the vehicle occur when the front drive understeer , ESP will
brake slowly through the rear wheel , thereby correcting the direction of
travel. Especially when anxious to fight the direction ( eg emergency
dodge pavement suddenly appeared ), ESP intervention can greatly reduce
the risk of the body out of control ( such as skidding , flick ) 's .

As comfortable configuration is the need to spend as many security
configuration is a price to pay . Ordinary cars can get basically the
standard anti-lock braking system (ABS), brake force distribution system
(EBD), and front airbags while some are high-class cars , in addition
to ABS, EBD , but also equipped with two front airbags blasting , front
side airbags , seat belt blasting , electronic vehicle stability control
system, auto-dimming rearview mirror , reversing radar, power steering
with speed and other safety equipment . From a certain perspective,
security is the use of money in return, but if possible , it is worth it .

Because life is priceless .

Development of the car is amazing , both from the appearance , or
from the intelligent electronic systems inside , everything is
progressing forward , these techniques are becoming increasingly
sophisticated , applications are increasingly popular.

With the advancement of technology, I believe there will be more new
technology in cars, so the car will become more energy efficient , smart ,
safe, comfortable , and reliable !

汽车新技术

摘要：汽车自上个世纪末诞生以来，已经走过了风风雨雨的一百多年。从 卡尔.本茨
造出的第一辆三轮汽车以每小时18公里的速度，跑到现在，竟然诞生了从速度为零
到加速到100公里小时只需要三秒钟多一点的超级跑车。从简单的普通车变成了集
音响、定位导航、夜 视仪、节能等于一体的现代化的智能车。这一百年，汽车发展
的速度是如此的惊人！

关键词：节能、智能、安全舒适

引言：1886年，世界上第一辆装有发动机的汽车 问世。自此，人类告别了“马车时
代”，跨入了“汽车时代”。人类的行走艺术由此赋予了新的内涵。此 举不仅改变
了人们的生活方式，也变革了世界经济、文化，渗透到了人类生产、生活的各个领
域 ，直接影响着人类的发展进程。人们不禁惊呼：汽车是改变世界的机器，是贯穿
20世纪最具影响力的重 大发明。

汽车，这个由几万个零部件组合的行走机器，正如陶器、石器、青铜器、蒸气
机代表着人类文明的一个时代一样，它所迸发出的文化意念，凝结着人类智慧的结
晶，闪耀着当代科学 技术、造型艺术的光芒，诠释着今日人类的文明与骄傲。

美国通用汽车公司研发与规划副总裁 伯恩斯说：“未来的汽车将具有以下七大
特点：安全、价廉、环保、实用、高效、省时以及提供与外部世 界的联系。这就意
味着汽车行业必须围绕低价位、实用性、设计和技术进行创新。”当今，在这个网络驱动的日子里，数字化应用正在以前所未有的速度和方式进行整合，将汽车的设
计、工程、采购和 制造业务集成起来，这使我们能够缩短汽车的开发时间，并以更
快的速度将新款汽车推向市场。最主要的 有以下两个方面：

一是在汽车设计方面。由于越来越多地采用计算机工具，从而能在更短的 时间
开发出更多的款式、车型。 由于越来越多地采用数学模型，从而能实现验证模拟设
计，并 确认汽车空气动力学、耐冲撞性能、可制造性，大大从而缩短开发时间。同
时汽车厂商越来越多地采用虚 拟汽车概念，从而无需制作物理原型，就能组装、观
察、模拟汽车的性能及制造工艺，并且越来越多地开 展厂家、院所、政府、供应商
间的战略伙伴关系进一步加快了汽车开发时间。

由于消费者的生活方式主导汽车设计的潮流，将诞生出新的汽车种类，进而满
足消费者越来越多的需求。这些新产品将在不同程度上组合轿车、旅行车、皮卡
车、越野车的特 点，同时也将促成汽车市场进一步分化。

二是在汽车动力方面。专家预测，在今后10年中 ，内燃机将继续担当汽车动力
的主要来源。但是，汽车动力系统将来的主要发展方向是越来越多地采用稀 燃汽油
发动机、柴油发动机技术，优化的燃油发动机组合，以及更好地催化技术。

汽车动力系统的配置将有改变。电动和燃油混合动力型汽车、燃料电池汽车等
多种动力技术将日趋普及。 这些尖端技术可望在将来减少或消除汽车尾气排放及其
对环境的污染。

此外，未来 的汽车，机械系统将大量地被电子系统所取代。这将大大提高轿车
的驾驶性能及行驶的安全性。其特色功 能如：语言识别、无钥匙点火等。

可以说，新一代汽车一个突出特点是：车内将配置更多的 电子器件、计算机功
能并接入因特网。车上配有：交通信息功能、路线规划与导航设备、高级导航设备、车载娱乐信息设备等。所以，汽车将变为可与消费者家庭、办公单位交换信息
的信息、通信、娱 乐中心。 在汽车安全方面：为了保护车内驾乘人员的安全，汽车
制造厂家将在车上设置新一代的安全带 、能量吸收结构、前端和侧面安全气囊、触
发气囊的智能传感器、发生紧急情况的求救信号等。

一、节能环保时代

1、“绿净”技术

2013年年初，包括北京 在内的不少城市都笼罩在一片雾霾之中，一些城市的指
数甚至一度接近1000，硫磺味依稀可闻，很多 人甚至因此住进了医院。

是指大气中直径小于或等于微米的颗粒物，由于它很难沉降且会被 人体直接吸
入肺部并进入血液，所以它会威胁着人们的健康，特别是那些生活在具有上千万人
口 以及上百万辆机动车的大城市的人。对于一个车企来说，虽然无法对城市的大环
境做出改变，但是通过技 术创新可以避免坐在车内的人吸入这种颗粒物。绿净技术
可以对进入到车内的直径小于或等于微米的颗粒 物通过类似静电的作用来进行拦截
和过滤，最终达到的效果是：在室外的数值高于150的情况下，车内 的的数值在12以
下，这相当于一级优的空气质量指数。

2013年1月10日，比 亚迪在北京举行的世界级技术解析会上发布了一款名为“绿
净”的汽车新技术，可以有效应对雾霾天气出 行问题。

所谓“绿净”技术就是车内空气过滤技术，这项技术可以对车内空气进行三重
净化，将车内控制在12以下，为车内的乘客提供一个健康的空气环境，而整个净化
过程只有几秒钟。 此外，对于不少饱受“二手烟”困扰的人来说，相信“绿净”技
术也会是一项不小的“福利”。据了解， 绿净技术集成于车内，可实现车内或车外
空气的检测，并具备对车内空气过滤、杀菌、除臭等净化功能。 该技术将空气经过

四层净化，通过净化的空气值可以降到12以下 ，为广大用户创造出一个能够呼吸健
康空气的小空间。

比亚迪新研发的绿净技术，正 是一项改善车内空气质量的技术。比亚迪以客户
需求为导向，也为了践行企业长期坚持的绿色环保理念， 通过技术整合创新推出了
绿净技术。这项技术通过三重净化，第一层电离板，第二层蓬松静电棉，第三层
HAF，可在30秒内迅速清洁车厢内直径大于微米可悬浮颗粒物，实现当车外环境大于
150 时，车内环境小于12的效果，大大提升车内空气质量。如果车内有人吸烟，启动
这项技术，烟很快就会 被过滤掉，车内环境也可以迅速被净化，这对广大烟民来讲
也是一大福音。可以说，比亚迪的绿净技术不 仅可以让大家拥有一个能够呼吸健康
空气的小空间，更为很多城市污染的改善提供了切实可行的方案。< br>
图1 比亚迪“绿净”技术的两项核心技术

比亚迪“绿净”包括两项核心技 术——驻极体静电捕捉技术以及双重静电集尘
技术。驻极体静电捕捉是利用带电的驻极体来使空气中的微 粒改变方向，撞击到滤
材纤维上被拦截。双重静电集尘技术的静电发生器使空气中的颗粒带电，在通过< br>HAF时因材料的静电效应而被拦截去除。

2、“汽车绿色照明光源”LED灯

50 年前人们已经了解半导体材料可产生光线的基本，第一个商用产生于 1960
年。 发光二极管的核心部分是由 p 型半导体和 n 型半导体组成的晶片，在 p 型
半导体和 n 型半导体之间有一个过渡层，称为 p-n 结。在某些材料的 PN 结中，
注入的少数载流子与多数 载流子复合时会把多余的能量以光的形式释放出来，从而
把电能直接转换为光能。 PN 结加反向电压 ，少数载流子难以注入，故不发光。这
种利用注入式电致发光原理制作的二极管叫发光二极管，通称 LED 。当它处于正向
工作状态时（即两端加上正向电压），从 LED 阳极流向阴极时，半导体晶 体就发出
从紫外到红外不同颜色的光线，光的强弱与电流有关。高光效、低光衰大功率
LED， 已广泛应用于路灯、工矿灯、隧道灯、、日光灯等诸多照明领域，深受业界一
致好评。

光源的特点：①新型绿色环保光源：LED运用冷光源，眩光小，无辐射，使用
中不产生有害物质。L ED的工作电压低，采用直流驱动方式，超低功耗（单管~），
电光功率转换接近100%，在相同照明 效果下比传统光源节能80%以上。LED的环保效
益更佳，光谱中没有紫外线和红外线，而且废弃物可 回收，没有污染，不含汞元
素，可以安全触摸，属于典型的绿色照明光源。

②寿命长 ：LED为固体冷光源，环氧树脂封装，抗震动，灯体内也没有松动的
部分，不存在灯丝发光易烧、热沉 积、光衰等缺点，使用寿命可达6万~10万小时，
是传统光源使用寿命的10倍以上。LED性能稳定 ，可在-30~+50oC环境下正常工作。

③多变换：LED光源可利用红、绿、蓝三基色原理，在控制下使三种颜色具有

256级灰度并任意混合，即可产生256X256X256（即）种颜色， 形成不同光色的组
合。LED组合的光色变化多端，可实现丰富多彩的动态变化效果及各种图像。

④：与传统光源的发光效果相比，LED光源是低压，成功地融合了计算机技
术、网络通信 技术、图像处理技术和嵌入式控制技术等。传统LED灯中使用的芯片
尺寸为，而照明用LED的尺寸一 般都要在以上。LED裸片成型的工作台式结构、倒
金字塔结构和倒装芯片设计能够改善其发光效率，从 而发出更多的光。LED封装设
计方面的革新包括高传导率金属块基底、倒装芯片设
计和裸盘浇 铸式引线框等，采用这些方法都能设计出
高功率、低热阻的器件，而且这些器件的照度比传统
L ED产品的照度更大。

LED 是一种利用电子发光原理制成的半导体器件,
它可直 接将电能转化为可变光，具有发光效率高、寿
命长、耗电少、体积小等特点，被称为21 世纪的
“汽车绿色照明光源”。从制造工艺上讲，生产LED 光源所使用的材料不含重金
属，与其他光源相比发光效率可以提高20%以上。LED 的寿命很长，平均无故障工作
时间为10 万h，并且LED 属于实心封装的固体光源，其抗振动性也 是其他光源无法
比拟的，从这些优势来看，LED无疑是节能环保的首选，正是由于这一点，LED灯在
汽车内饰照明中也得到了广泛应用，奥迪A8 可选装的带环境照明的照明套件就是
这种应用的 典型的例子。由于LED灯的节能性非常好，其还应用于城轨车辆的照明
系统中。

LED 作为汽车照明光源不仅兼具环保性，更重要的是保证安全可靠性。例如
2008年在奥 迪研发的一种远光灯便能让驾驶者在夜间行车时，不会因为灯光过亮而
使迎面而来的车辆司机暂时爆盲。 通过改变灯光的分步，使这种技术得以实现: 一
套电子系统不停地对任何正在接近的车辆的距离进行测 试，以确保在不刺激到对面
车辆驾驶者的同时，对前方道路进行最理想的照明，比如，当在城市中行驶时 ，内
饰灯光会更亮一些；而在乡村道路上行驶时，灯光则会自动变暗，以免影响车外的
视野。实 现这种功用的车灯就是用LED灯制造的。

LED的安全性更主要的是体现在它的快速反应能 力方面，在真人实车试验中，
同一个人在时速80 km的情况下开始刹车，观看LED 灯会比白炽灯反应速度快，提
前4～5 m实现全车制动。这种突出的快速反应能力应用在尾灯中，可以极大地提高
驾驶者的安全。
< br>由于LED的成本问题，前些年这种灯只局限在像锐志、皇冠、凯迪拉克、速
腾、荣威等中高档轿 车上，但发展到现在，很多中低档车也应用LED灯。

2010年，汽车制造商在一级方程式 赛车上率先采用并欣然接受LED灯作为尾
灯、刹车灯和白天行车灯。由此，LED灯的安全性和节能性 是显而易见的。

LED灯发展的越来越快，但仍有需要改进的地方。最大挑战就是LED的自热问

题，这个问题如果得以解决，不但会是照明达到更好的效果，成本也会相应降 低。
提高LED照射广度，同时降低外界环境对其影响，相信这些方面是当今和未来LED
研究 的重点，如果解决将大大促进LED的发展。

3、汽油机缸内直喷技术

随着世界工业化的发展，汽车成为不可或缺的主要交通工具，而作为汽车主要
动力的这种化油器式汽油机 废气中的有害成分(C O、H C和N O X等)对大气造成了
污染，而燃烧产物二氧化碳又产生“ 温室效应”导致全球气候变暖。随着汽车数量
的与日俱增，对人类生存环境的危害日趋加剧，因此汽车的 节能减排已成为全球刻
不容缓需要解决的重要问题。

缸内直喷顾名思义就是把燃油以 极高的压力使其雾化喷入缸内，它不同于自然
吸气发动机，将汽油直接喷入缸内，这里没有进气道的预混 合，且进气压力比非涡
轮的要大，能达到更精确的混合比，更好的控制气缸内的混合物的浓度和分布，提
高燃油效率和扭矩。

汽油在缸内直接喷射时油滴主要依靠从缸内空气中吸热而非从壁 面吸热，因而
能使混合汽的温度降低和体积减小，从而有利于提高充气效率，降低爆震倾向和提
高压缩比。计算表明，在汽油油滴蒸发完全依靠从空气中吸热或者完全依靠从壁面
吸热这两种极端情况下 ，缸内混合汽的体积在空燃比为时将相差大约7％，而混合汽
的温度在上止点前将相差大约50℃。因此 ，与进气道喷射汽油机相比，缸内直喷式
汽油机的充气效率提高了10％，同时爆震倾向也大为降低，表 现在受爆震限制的点
火时刻可提前若干曲轴转角，因而压缩比可提高～2，有利于提高汽油机的热效率，
降低燃油耗(约2%)。特别是有利于汽油机采用增压，并应用较高的压缩比，克服了
由于增压 汽油机压缩比较小而对部分负荷燃油耗所带来的不利影响，同时提高了增
压汽油机在2500rmin以 下低转速范围内的增压压力，1200rmin时的扭矩能够提高
25%，大大改善汽油机的低速扭矩特 性和车辆的行驶性能。

此外，由于汽油直接喷入汽缸内，可实现稀薄混合汽分层燃烧，使得低 负荷工
况时的空燃比可提高到40以上，从而无需关小节气门来限制进气量，采用像柴油机
那样 的质调节方式，基本上避免了发动机在换气过程中的泵气损失，有利于降低燃
油耗。同时，在高空燃比情 况下，由于混合汽物性的改变、绝热指数的增加以及混
合汽分层致使热损失减少，使得发动机的热效率进 一步提高。由于汽车发动机经常
在低负荷工况下运行，因此分层混合汽燃烧的直喷式汽油机可使平均燃油 耗降低
15～20％。在欧洲机动车排放组合循环(MVEG)行驶试验中，其燃油耗明显低于进气道喷射汽油机已达到了相当于非直喷式柴油机的燃油耗水平。(图2)

以上海大众EA8 88发动机为例，说起EA888，可谓大众的明星发动机。大众在中
国一直以来背负着“桑塔纳发动机 用30年”的王八壳子，就是EA888给揭掉的。先
进的直喷涡轮增压技术，全球最佳发动机的头衔让 大众从一干自然吸气引擎（NA
机）中脱颖而出，扬眉吐气。值得一提的是，在外国大众汽车中搭载的E A888引擎

还带有稀燃技术以进步降低油耗，但在引入中国后被 大众阉割。EA888的身上具备了
多种大众潜心研究多年的核心高科技，其核心的核心就是缸内直喷技 术。普通自然
进气发动机，燃料和空气的预混合是在进气歧管内的，油压（汽油）只有3bar左
右。等到活塞冲程下行吸气，预混合的混合气进一步混合，在燃烧室的高温下进一
步雾化，以达到更好 的空混比，最后被火花塞引燃推动活塞。这样产生的油气混合
物的浓度，气缸各个不同部位的油气混合比 很难做到精确的控制，燃烧效率无法提
高的很多。而缸内直喷顾名思义就是把燃油以极高的压力使其雾化 喷入缸内，它不
同于自然吸气发动机，将汽油直接喷入缸内，这里没有进气道的预混合，且进气压
力比非涡轮的要大，能达到更精确的混合比，更好的控制气缸内的混合物的浓度和
分布，提高燃油效率 和扭矩。但是普通油泵3bar喷油压力是无法直接喷入缸内的，
就算喷进去，也来不及混合无法点燃， 换句话说就是无法工作的。这中间就需要一
个特殊的部件——共轨高压油泵。所谓高压油泵主要的作用就 是产生高压油；采用
三个径向布置的柱塞泵油元件产生高压油。低压燃油泵（3-6bar)将燃油输入 高压油
泵，高压油泵将燃油加压至 100-150bar送入高压油轨，最后由共轨油嘴喷入气
缸，完成一个燃料的传递和加压工作，根据大众EA888引擎官方设计文档，高压共
轨泵的正常工作 压力为 psi (50 个大气压) 到 (150 个大气压)，极限承压200个大
气压！

事实上，最早把燃油加压喷入，以获得油气 混合物实现充分燃烧的设计，并非
出现在汽车上。而是来自于美国波音公司幻影工作室——这个专为国防 部设计炸弹
的工作室发现，普通炸药之所以威力总比设计时候的小，原因就在于炸药无法和空
气 充分燃烧。如果在炸弹爆炸瞬间，先释放出高压油气混合物（被称作云爆剂），
再点燃，那就就能获得比 常规武器威力大得多的炸弹。1公斤云爆剂就相当于公斤
TNT炸药的威力。根据这一原理，美军设计出 了被称作炸弹之母(MOAB)的“掩体粉
碎机”云爆弹。1991年2月13日下午4点，伊拉克巴格 达阿米里亚防空洞。幻影工作
室设计的“掩体粉碎机”穿透几十米的地面和钢筋水泥墙体，将防空洞炸出 一个大
洞，火光伴着爆炸产生的巨大压力把人体撕成碎片甩到墙壁上。五分钟后，第二颗
“掩体 粉碎机”从炸开的大洞直接钻进防空洞内，剧烈的爆炸产生冲天大火，将烧
焦的尸体在墙壁上形成人形图 案。大火造成4500度的高温，转眼间把没炸死的老
人、孩子烧成灰烬。防空洞的自动灭火装置自行启 动，喷出了高压水龙，大水瞬间
被高温加热至沸腾，将防空洞下一层受伤的人全部烫死。
既然油气混合物能有如此惊人的杀伤力，那在汽车上引入显然也会获得更高的
动力和更省油的表现。 根据云爆弹原理，大众为高压泵设计了一个非常精巧的结
构，通过进气阀的凸轮轴来为油泵提供动力，这 样很好的解决了油泵和进气阀之间
的正时问题，也提高了燃油效率；同时作为一个纯机械的结构，这个高 压泵具备了
非常高的可靠性，大众（博世）甚至还设计了一个内部保护回路防止油压过高。可
惜 的是，大众和博世的设计尽管确保了机械自身的可靠性，但高压燃油轨(Rail)里

的高压燃料是无法保护的，为了保证发动机运转的顺畅性，燃油轨中必须保持 一定
的压力。这个在平时是没有问题的，问题就出在了碰撞上。当发动机受到巨大的外
力撞击时 ，位于发动机前部的高压共轨喷射系统就成了发动机首先受到撞击的部
分。

4、绿色无汞疝气灯

传统的汽车车灯采用的是卤钨光源，能给汽车提供的照明亮度 是非常有限的，
从而也影响了汽车的安全行驶，还有一个缺点就是传统的卤素汽车车灯寿命短，而
且内部含有一定量的汞元素，既不节能也不环保。现今出现了很多新类型的汽车车
灯来替代传统的卤素 灯。

飞利浦照明在2004年6月推出了世界上第一只汽车用绿色无汞氙气前照灯，自此< br>以疝气作为光源的疝气灯在汽车照明领域中不断发展并且到现在已经得到大量应
用。疝气灯简称H ID（High Intensity Discharge）灯，它的最大魅力就是它的安
全性。这主要是因为HID 灯带来的多重光束会比 卤素灯更远更宽、强度更大，近光
设置更有效。在黑夜里，特别是车辆行驶在郊区，氙气大灯能大幅提高 车前方的照
明，照亮路边的标志和歧路，对行车安全的重要性是毋庸置疑的。而且，同样瓦数
的 HID的亮度大约是卤素灯的2～3 倍，射程也更远更宽，提高了夜间行车的安全
性。在能量的使用方 面，一般车辆上卤素大灯每小时需要耗电60W左右，而一些HID
氙气大灯在安定器的稳定运作下，平 均只需要35W，大大低于通常的卤素灯。HID可
明显减轻车辆电力系统的负担，达到了节能的要求。 氙气灯是利用电流刺激气体发
光，基本上不会产生过高温，所以只要其中氙气没用完就可以正常的发光， 不易损
坏。据一项研究显示，就算品质再高的卤素灯泡，寿命最多也就是400 h，而一般的
HID，寿命最少也有3 000 h，在正常用车情况下，HID可以用上5～6 a。HID不易损
坏而且寿命长，满足了对汽车照明节能的要求。

2008年，在美国和欧洲开始流行一种新型前雾灯，也是无汞疝气灯的一种，它
采用 24W 的光源，不仅结构设计非常简单，只有2个零件，采用普通的PC(聚碳酸
酯)材料，生产工艺难度降低 ，合格率提高，而且灯具材料成本低，安装简便，总成
本大大降低。最为重要的，这款灯具产品的重量非 常轻，比我们常见的产品要轻200
q。该产品的寿命是其他产品的3倍，对那些夜间开车时总是喜欢 开前雾灯来辅助提
高亮度的驾驶员来说是个非常好的选择。无汞疝气灯是指用锌等无害物质来替代
汞，使其更加环保。无汞灯的最大好处是氙气充气气压提高到比含汞灯大1倍，并将
启动电流增大到 A，使灯的启动速度达到了快速的要求，从而节约了能源。可以看
出，疝气灯既能提供高亮度保证安全， 同时也是非常节能的产品，是目前和未来汽
车照明系统中被广泛应用的车灯。

当然， 疝气灯的应用是需要一定条件的。由于疝气灯对灯具的设计精度要求相
对比较高，不能自行改装，如果达 不到配光要求会造成光污染，这就要求增大市场
上疝气灯原配车的数量，与此同时带来的成本问题就是现 在急需解决的问题。

二、智能车时代

1、比亚迪遥控驾驶技术

比亚迪速锐是全球首款配备此项技术的量产车型。

如果你是一个刚拿到驾照的新手，如果你不擅长倒车，那么，干脆买辆带有遥
控驾驶技术的汽车 吧，这样你就可以站在车外用遥控器指挥，就像小时候操控玩具
汽车一样简单。

遥控 驾驶技术是指在10米可视范围内，驾驶人在车外使用遥控驾驶控制器，安
全操控车辆的启动、进退和转 向，控制车辆低速行驶，进而解决窄道取车、窄道停
车、窄道行车等难题。

遥控驾驶 技术在比亚迪的努力下已经成为现实。继2012年推出一代遥控技术
后，2013年年初，比亚迪宣布 推出遥控驾驶的第二代技术，突破技术难关，实现转
向、移动的同时操作。

遥控驾驶 技术依靠的正是无线电波来传递遥控数据，遥控器发射频率为
315MHz。315MHz是目前中控锁 遥控器采用的频率，将驾驶信号通过这一频率进行传
递节省了研发费用并且也符合国家信息产业部对于遥 控器频率做出的限制，但需要
面对一个现实问题，那就是抗干扰能力。理论上只要频率相同且发射功率较 大的外
部无线电设备都能干扰遥控器功能，常见的无线电台、带无线传感器的家用报警
器、对讲 机等都属于干扰源。而速锐需要面对的最大干扰可能来自遥控器本身，因
为所有带有遥控驾驶技术的速锐 其遥控器发射频率均为315MHz，而它们的发射功率
也相近。

拿到速锐的遥控器 ，除开普通遥控钥匙的开锁车门按钮之外，还可以像滑盖手
机一样滑开钥匙，这时就可以看到启动、转向 和前进后退的按钮，所有这些遥控功
能在车辆上的实现，都依靠CAN-BUS总线的通信和电子控制完 成——比如挂挡就通
过变速器的电子挡把，挡把和变速器没有机械连接（普通自动变速器的P挡位下，< br>机电式挡把依然和变速器有着机械连接）；转向则依靠电子助力转向，由电机驱动
转向机完成；电 子驻车制动也就是电子手刹则负责车辆刹车的解锁和制动。

此前比亚迪的遥控技术一经亮相， 就有不少网友对这项技术的安全性表示了质
疑，而经过我们对它的进一步了解，这些担心其实是没必要的 。首先车辆的行进速
度非常低，只有2公里小时，比人步行还慢，对于这个速度其实还有一个小插曲，< br>起初比亚迪的研发人员把车辆行进的速度定在5公里小时，后来他们通过体验对于
初次接触遥控车 辆技术的体验者来说，这个速度依然偏快，存在反应不过来的风
险，因此他们把速度降到了现在的水平。 同时，变速器的双离合模块在这种速度下
也进行过较长时间的测试，没有出现过热的问题，相信对于普通 用户的使用环境来
说，应该也不会长时间使用，更不存在过热的问题了。

其次，在车辆驱动的控制逻辑中，无论处于前进还是后退状态，只要驾驶者停

止操作，车辆接受不到遥控器的信号，就会通过电子驻车制动自动刹车，双离 合器
模块的离合器也随之断开，自动跳回P挡，车辆随之停止。所以基于此，在受到外
界电磁干 扰的情况下，车辆同样收不到遥控器的信号，车辆也会自动停下，不会有
失控的危险。

2、智能车灯

汽车的智能化促进了汽车车灯的智能化，为了确保汽车照明的安全性， 2008年
奥迪就在努力创造一种能够自行思考并提前做出反映的智能车灯。2006年，奥迪研
究了主动式旋转头灯，使前灯光束形状随周围环境的变化而变化。同时也已经出现
了一种智能化前照灯 系统——动态转弯灯，它的特点是在不同的转弯半径下, 该前
照灯能够在水平±150°之内摆动, 这使得转弯时近光灯照亮区域几乎扩大了1倍,以
帮助驾车者能够更好更快地适应弯道路况。当转弯半径 为 190 m时,普通前照灯可
以照亮前方弯道30 m左右处, 而动态转弯灯可以将照亮弯道区域再延长25 m左右。
在激活远光灯功能时, 动态转弯灯同样发挥作用。

自适应前照灯系统。夜晚行车的人都有这样的体会，在漆黑的夜晚 ，路上的视
线死角远比白天多。特别是在没有路灯又有许多弯道的路上，驾驶者的视线被限制
在 大灯光束照射的直线范围内，对于弯路中突然出现的人或物，多半也只能听天由
命。美国高速公路安全保 险协会的统计数据显示，夜晚发生交通事故的概率是白天
的 1～ 倍，20%以上的致命交通事故发生 在午夜至清晨六点，但这个时段的车流量
仅占全天的%。这项统计数据不仅反映了黑夜为驾驶员带来的危 险，行人同样因汽车
照明的欠缺而处于险境之中。为了改变这种情况，提高照明的安全性，一种自动转< br>向前照灯应运而生。
汽车自动转向前照灯又叫自适应转向大灯系统。它能够根据汽车方向 盘角
度、横摆角速度和车速，不断对大灯进行动态调节，适应当前的转向角，保持灯光
方向与汽 车的当前行驶方向一致，以确保对前方道路提供最佳照明并对驾驶员提供
最佳可见度，从而增强了黑暗中 驾驶的安全性。在路面无(弱)灯或多弯道的路况
中，扩大驾驶员的视野，在对面来车时提前提醒驾驶。 自适应前照灯系统中有一个
很重要的部分——操作检测系统，它是用来实现前照灯照明方向自动调整所必 须
的。

汽车前照灯自动调平系统。在夜晚行车时， 路况变化、装载量的变化、制动和
加速控制等情况都会引起车身倾斜角度发生变化， 进而使近光灯的光束倾角发生变
化， 这样很有可能会造成迎面来车的驾驶员视距丧失或者产生强烈眩目感， 产生
安全隐患。汽车前照灯自动调平系统就是解决这个问题的一项技术。该系统工作
时， 会根据车辆负载的变化自动调整HID前照灯的投射俯仰角度， 确保其投射高
度在合适的范围内， 既达到良好的照明效果， 又不会对迎面车辆的驾驶员造成眩
目， 有效地保障了行车的安全。
为了保证夜间会车的安全,汽车前照灯必须具有正确的光束照射方位角。国

标GB 7258-2004机动车安全运行技术条件中规定:机动车近光灯 和左远光灯的光束
水平照射方位角向左偏差不得大于′,前照灯其余光束的水平照射方位角偏差不得大< br>于2. 0°。前照灯光束照射方位角的检测是汽车安全性能检测的必检项目之一，所
以目前发展 的汽车前照灯测量误差修正系统[16]是必要而且重要的。这种技术可以
大大保证光束照射方位角测量 的准确性，从而保证汽车行驶的安全性。

3、雷克萨斯无人驾驶

目前许 多量产的高档轿车都装备有驾驶员辅助系统，能够实现自适应巡航、并
道辅助、自动泊车等等功能，但这 些技术还只是起到修正驾驶的作用，离真正的无
人驾驶还有一段距离。

如果你足够懒 ，甚至懒到一开车就想睡觉，那么就请你在设定目的地后安心地
睡吧，无人驾驶技术会把你带到你想去的 地方。

这绝不是痴人说梦，汽车无人驾驶技术已经实现。

在2013年国 际消费电子产品展览会上，雷克萨斯“先进主动安全研究车辆”平
台亮相，此平台与车载 GPS、雷达 、激光测距仪和立体相机、超精准里程表以及可
存储数据的加速器等设备相配合，可以侦测到汽车周围的 环境变化，甚至能够判断
红绿灯，让车辆与公路网络上其他车辆进行信息交换，从而帮助驾驶员修正驾驶 ，
实现“半无人驾驶”。

据英国汽车杂志autocar11月19日报道，东京车 展前，雷克萨斯透露其两项最
新无人驾驶技术，期望早日实现无人驾驶。

协调适应巡 航系统（CACC）和车道追踪控制（LTC），这两项技术使得无人驾驶
在城市公路和弯道上成为可能 ，向真正实现无人驾驶迈出一步。据雷克萨斯透露，
两项新技术将于2015年在日本推行。

获得日本政府机构和当地警察的特殊许可后，雷克萨斯IS采用无人驾驶技术，
在东京交通高峰 期进行试驾。Autocar的记者坐在IS副驾驶的位置，一探工程师究
竟如何实现IS无人驾驶穿过 东京高速公路并且展示急转弯的技巧。

要在流动车道和直线路段实现无人驾驶，只能通过立法 。采用雷克萨斯的CAAC
和LTC技术，可实现汽车在大东京地区蜿蜒交错的高速公路上任何路段的无 人驾
驶。CACC技术可以同其它车辆进行无线频率通讯，判断前方汽车加速率与制动率，
由此 以保持两车之间的车距。

据悉，LTC技术使无人驾驶更进一步，它能实现汽车在半径50米 ，速度高达40
英里每小时的车道上自绕一周，在直道上，车速最高可达70英里每小时。LTC通过车头及挡风玻璃上方装置的毫米波雷达摄影机将汽车保持在应有的线路中，使用
汽车定位系统，确 定前方路线。

其实早在5个月之前，完全的无人驾驶技术就已经实现。2012 年 8 月 ，谷歌宣
布其自主研发的无人驾驶汽车完成了约48万公里的无事故行驶，并获得了政府的上
路 批准。人们预计，无人驾驶技术或在不久的将来得到应用。

这让我们相信无人驾驶已经越来越靠近了。

4、智能钥匙，手机当钥匙
< br>东风日产专家介绍，常见的无钥匙进入系统，是由发射器、遥控中央锁控制模
块、驾驶授权系统控 制模块三个接受器及相关线束组成的控制系统组成。遥控器和
发射器集成在车钥匙上，车辆可以根据智能 钥匙发来的信号，进入锁止或不锁止状
态，甚至可以自动关闭车窗和天窗。

这种系统 采用RFID(无线射频识别)技术，通常情况下，当车主走近车辆大约1
米以内距离时，门锁就会自动 打开并解除防盗；当离开车辆时，门锁会自动锁上并
进入防盗状态。当车主进入车内时，车内检测系统会 马上识别智能卡，这时只需轻
轻按动启动按钮(或旋钮)，就可以正常启动车辆。

而 现在智能手机已经成为每个上班族的“标配”，但是，随着手机屏幕越来越
大，衣兜留给车钥匙的空间却 越来越小。在这种情况下，智能手机和智能钥匙合二
为一成为趋势。

所谓智能钥匙一 般包含两部分功能，即门锁控制（管控门窗）和发动机启动控
制（管控发动机）。智能钥匙在使用过程中 ，所有信息传递均采用无线信号传递，
车主无需掏出钥匙即可完成上下车、使用车载设备或者驾车停车等 。

如今，包括迪在内的一些汽车厂商已经在这方面跃跃欲试，并预计在不久的将
来， 智能钥匙系统将被嵌入智能手机系统中。当你接近你的“座驾”时，只需像手
机解锁一样轻轻滑动手机屏 幕，汽车就可启动。

丰田是第一个引入无线充电技术的汽车制造商，但相比之下，韩国现代汽 车公
司未来几年的NFC计划似乎更具有野心。该公司计划通过引入新的连接概念（计划
于20 15年制造出成品）彻底停止金属汽车钥匙的使用。作为替代，未来的汽车用户
只需要一部支持NFC功 能的手机就可以控制汽车。

现代公司的无线技术同现有技术不同，他们可安装的无线系统可以 允许用户使
用手机应用解锁车门，只不过过程有点复杂。通过NFC技术，每一辆汽车都能保存
车主手机特定的配置文件，因此理论上汽车自动可以调节反光镜位置、座椅倾角和
最合适的立体声音响音 量。现代公司还在车内内置了一个感应型充电托盘，可在行
驶过程中为用户的可兼容设备充电。同时，车 载触控屏则会显示联系人、音乐库和
其他个人数据。

据BGR报道，韩国现代（HY UNDAI）汽车公司正在开发一种新技术，可以让智能
手机变成操控汽车的“万能钥匙”。现代汽车在 其位于德国法兰克福的欧洲总部向
人们展示了全新的“概念连接”(Connectivity Concept)。这个概念很简单：通过
智能手机来操控汽车的一切。

据现代汽车 介绍，通过在轿车上配备近场通信（NFC）芯片，司机只要在芯片前
晃动一下智能手机就能打开车门， 要想发动汽车，把手机放在中控台上就可以。手
机还可以与安装在仪表板上的7英寸显示屏建立连接，并 能够通过语音控制音乐、电

话、短信等功能。

这些都还只是“概念连接”包含的众多解决方案中的一小部分，整个系统可以
识别不同的智能手机，因此 能够实现个性定制控制方式，满足不同需求。包括对座
椅、后视镜的调试以及娱乐功能的设置等。

如果你担心手机遗失会引起不必要的麻烦，智能钥匙系统还可以通过设定密码
甚至指纹识别 来加强安全措施。

三、安全与舒适的时代

1、丰田启动控制技术

错误操作是事故产生的重要原因，而绝大数错误操作是由于驾驶员的技术不纯
熟或情绪紧张所致 。比如当驾驶员停车过程中挂上了错误的档位时，仪表盘上会显
示警报并且该系统将把发动机功率控制在 安全范围之内以防止突然加速的发生。此
外，该系统的作用还不止于此。如果在倒车过程中意外发生了碰 撞，由于惊慌驾驶
员可能未松开油门便挂上前进档，这时候启动控制系统就可以防止二次碰撞的发
生。

针对这些问题，研究出了启动控制技术。所谓启动控制技术，是将车身侧面感
应雷达与停车辅助雷达及车辆起步辅助系统相结合，避免驾驶员错误操作的技术。

当车辆行驶 、停车、起步和入库停车时，该系统会自动监控驾驶员对方向盘、
油门及刹车的操作。当错误操作时，车 辆会自动忽略驾驶员发出的错误指令，完全
避免由于误操作导致的车辆失控现象。

据 了解，丰田的这项新技术将在2013年进行道路测试，并预计下半年开始配置
在丰田量产车上。

2、的魔力控制系统

虽然主动车身控制系统（英文全称为Active Body Control，下称ABC）依然先
进，但最新的魔力控制系统即将替代ABC系统的地位。

所谓ABC系统，就是可以根据路况来改变悬挂系统的减震特性，在车辆起步或
刹车时能够抑制 车身姿态的改变，极大地减少了车辆行驶颠簸感的技术。

而魔力控制系统，则是在前风挡上安 装了两个摄像头来实时监测路面情况，可
以探测到前方约米~米，精确到1~2厘米的起伏。该系统通过 把数据传递给主动巡航
系统，来为行车提供更安全的控制。

尽管ABC系统能够根据 路面的反馈迅速做出响应，但即使反应再快也只能是
“被动反应”。如今，魔力控制系统能够在遇到颠簸 之前告诉车辆前面路况，悬挂
预先做出反应，真正实现了“主动应对”，让“零颠簸”更进一步。

该系统已经率先在奔驰F700概念车上得到测试。而全新S级将全系将采用新设
计的前四 连杆和后多连杆悬挂系统，采用更轻的铝制材料来提升响应时间，从而让
车辆拥有更敏锐的操控性，最最 重要的是，魔力控制系统（Magic Ride Control

System）将搭配在新一代S级上。

3、碰撞预警系统

碰撞 预警系统是一款能预测到行车危险并在碰撞危险发生前秒向驾驶员发出警
报，预防交通事故发生的产品， 被称为“永不疲倦的第三只眼”。

AWS系统是通过动态视频摄像技术和计算机图像处理技术 来实现其预警功能
的，它有三大功能：

前碰撞预警。系统可以在发生碰撞危险前秒发 出警报，提醒刹车；同时车尾灯
不停闪烁，提醒后面汽车注意，避免追尾；。

车道偏 离预警。系统能在无意识发生车道偏离前秒发出警报，提醒注意保持在
原车道上安全行驶，此功能特别适 合长途驾车人士及疲劳驾车。

车距的监控和预警。能让驾驶员始终保持安全的行车距离，并能 在车距存在危
险时发出警报。

AWS通过在欧美和以色列本土多年的实际应用，研究 得出，应用AWS系统可以
避免90%的车祸，正是因为AWS出色的表现和独创的技术，从2007年 3月起，欧美
多家知名汽车制造商在多款车上开始应用AWS相关技术,如08款德国宝马新5、6、< br>7系，08款凯迪拉克STS、DTS以及通用其他车型，08款沃尔沃S80、V70、XC70等等。

汽车使用中的安全性能越来越受到人们的重视，也是汽车制造商们最近几年一
直强调的重点，许多制造商在近几年来都对主动安全性和被动安全性进行了大量持
续的研究，以达到安 全最大化。在主动安全方面，改善视觉状况、车内低噪音、车
内仪器和报警信号的易读性、驾驶中的平稳 性、良好的方向盘、ABS制动、特别的
底盘设计、全轮驱动等等，取得较大进展。在被动安全方面，乘 客安全座位、变形
区域、车座安全带、气囊、层压的玻璃、把油箱放到合适的位置、燃油泵安全开关等等，也都有不小成就。汽车总体安全性能已经得到较大改善，但远不能满足人对
于安全的要求。< br>
国内首款碰撞预警系统

麦特集团奔腾远程汽车信息服务有限公司引入以色列 军方尖端技术，专门为中
国道路交通量身订制了汽车碰撞预警系统，AWS突破以往主动安全研究范围， 针对
公路交通事故的主要原因(道路偏离：造成车祸的20%，导致死亡人数的60%。追尾
事 故：占车祸总量的28%)进行创造性的研究设计，可以在汽车事故前，智能化、人
性化的提示驾驶员， 从而有效阻止交通事故的发生。

AWS设有前方碰撞预警(FCWS)、车道偏离预警(LD WS)、车距监控预警(HMWS)及
后车追尾预警(LFWS)四大功能。美国弗吉尼来州技术局和N HTSA在2006年的研究结
果显示，公路交通事故80%的原因是由驾驶员在事故前3秒内的疏忽造 成的。
Daimler Benz的调查显示，提前秒发出警报能防止60%的追尾事故，提前秒能防止
90%。FCWS监测前方车辆，并计算碰撞时间在可能发生碰撞的秒前发出一个碰撞警

告，让司机采取行动，避免交通事故发生。LDWS监测车辆在车道中的位置 ，在非故
意的车道偏离发生时，提前秒发出警告。HMWS测量与前方车辆间的距离，并使用主
体车辆的行进速度来计算前方距离及到达前方车辆的时间。AWS显示前距数值，并
在前方距离减少时发 出不同级别的警告。LFWS监测后方车辆，发现存在危险的可能
时，除发出警告提示司机外，还通过立 即闪烁刹车灯警示后方车辆，以免追尾。

有人形象的说，AWS就像二郎神的第三只眼，永远 不知疲倦的监测汽车行驶安
全。据专家预测，AWS系统推广5年后，可以使我国道路交通事故整体降低 10%，减
少经济将损失超过2个亿。

4、沃尔沃V40搭载行人保护气囊

沃尔沃公布了全球首款针对行人的保护气囊，并将率先装配在V40车型上。
一直以来，沃尔沃都被视为世界上最为安全的汽车，而随着世界上首例行人安
全气囊的配备，他们即 将超越自身，变得更加安全。

行人安全气囊通过装在前保险杠上的一系列传感器进行工作。一 位沃尔沃的发
言人介绍道：“当行人被前保险杠撞到时，位于挡风玻璃下部的气囊便被激活，引
擎罩的后部抬高，在发动机舱处创造出一块额外的自由空间。气囊主要能够保护行
人的头部，特别是当其 撞到引擎罩，挡风玻璃下部或前立柱时。”

V40还配备了通常是更为高档昂贵的汽车才装配 的行人探测系统。这个探测系统
包括一个装在护栅上的雷达和一个装在后视镜前面的照相机。雷达的作用 是探测车
前的行人与车辆，并判断其与车之间的距离。照相机则用于判断前方出现何种障碍
物。 显而易见，这些技术并不是糊弄人的玩意儿。毕竟，在欧洲，行人占车祸中死
亡人数的14%，而在美国 和中国，这一数字则分别为12%和25%。

这位发言人补充道：“安全是沃尔沃的核心考量 之一。新款V40使用了世界一
流的行人安全气囊和有效的安全新技术，更增强了其安全性。我们研发这 项技术的
目的是为了降低车祸中行人的风险，它挽救的每一条生命都能够证明其价值所
在。”< br>
沃尔沃行人安全气囊的工作范围在车速20kmh到50kmh之间，据沃尔沃统计，
在涉及到行人的碰撞事故中有75%都发生在40kmh左右。并且沃尔沃有一个宏伟的
目标，计划在2 020年实现沃尔沃汽车无致命事故和严重伤害事故。沃尔沃的这套行
人安全气囊安放在发动机盖后沿之 下，发动机盖配有火工解锁装置，当车速在行人
安全气囊打开的范围内发生碰撞时（20km-50km 之间），车头前方安装的7个传感器
会把碰撞数据传递给控制单元，控制单元对碰撞数据进行分析，决定 是否引爆安全
气囊。当控制单元引爆行人安全气囊时，火工装置松开发动机铰链，膨胀的气囊打
开后将发动机盖的后部向上顶起10厘米，从而有效吸收碰撞能量，从而避免行人受
到严重撞击。

安全气囊是目前汽车上普及的配置，但一直以来安全气囊仅针对于车内乘员的
保护，当在发 生车辆与行人的交通事故时，往往行人受到较大的伤害，而沃尔沃的

行人安全气囊技术则是为保护行人研发的。

针对车辆与行人的交通事故，为减少对行 人的伤害，各厂商都将车辆的发动机
盖和翼子板等处设计成较软的吸能结构，但有时这些设计都不能最大 限度降低对行
人的撞击力。

沃尔沃方面表示，他们基于减能结构设计的同时，加入了 行人安全气囊可进一
步保护被撞击的行人。当撞上行人时，发动机盖后方会略微提升，气囊同时打开，< br>减缓行人身体以及头部的撞击力度。经测试，行人在被撞击时，其头部与车辆挡风
玻璃以及A柱的 撞击可能性最高，所以沃尔沃将行人保护气囊设计成U型结构。

几十年来沃尔沃一直享有“全 世界最安全的汽车”这个称号，并且深入人心。
现在沃尔沃的志向更加远大，他不但要保障车内人员的安 全，而且还要关注车外行
人的安全，其宣传的2020年实现沃尔沃汽车无致命事故和严重伤害事故的目 标也表
明了一个企业在安全方面的决心。

5、电子稳定程序(ESP)

ESP的英文全称是Electronic Stablity Program，ESP实际上是一种 功能强大
的车身稳定控制系统，它的功能包含了制动防抱死系统(ABS)、电子制动力分配系统
(EBDEBV)、驱动防滑系统(ASRTCS)，是车身稳定控制系统的最高形式。与其他车
身稳 定系统比较，ESP不但控制驱动轮，而且可以控制从动轮。如后轮驱动汽车常
出现的转向过度情况，此 时后轮失控而甩尾，ESP便会刹慢外侧的前轮来稳定车
辆；在前驱车出现的转向不足时，ESP则会通 过刹慢内后轮，从而校正行驶方向。
尤其是急打方向时(如紧急躲闪路中突然出现的行人)，ESP的介 入能够大大降低车
身失控(如侧滑、甩尾)的危险。

正如舒适性配置是需要花钱一样 ，众多安全性配置也是需要付出代价的。普通
轿车基本上都能得到标配的防抱死制动系统(ABS)、制 动力分配系统(EBD)，以及前
排安全气囊；而现在的一些中高级轿车上，除了ABS、EBD外，还 配备了前排两级燃
爆式安全气囊、前排侧安全气囊、燃爆式安全带、车身稳定电子控制系统、自动防眩目车内后视镜、倒车雷达、随速动力转向等安全装备。从某一方面讲，安全是要
用金钱换来的，但 在可能的情况下，这是值得的。因为生命无价。

汽车的发展实在惊人，无论是从外观造型，还 是从内部的智能电子系统，一切
都在进步着，这些技术也日趋成熟，应用也越来越大众化。
< br>随着科技的日益进步，相信会有更多的新技术应用于汽车，这样汽车也会变得
更加节能、智能、安 全、舒适、可靠！